scholarly journals Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Liga Lepse ◽  
Ingunn M. Vågen ◽  
Solvita Zeipina ◽  
Torfinn Torp ◽  
Margit Olle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
The Baltic

Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) yields are featured by high variability, influenced by the agro-environmental conditions during the growing seasons. These legume crops are sensitive to hydric and heat stresses. The adaptation depends on the efficiency of specific cultivars to use the available resources to produce biomass. This capacity is determined by the genotype and agronomical management practices. The present work aimed to uncover the influence of Baltic agro-environmental conditions (fava bean cultivar, plant density, climate, and soil features) on yield and protein content. For this, field trials were set under Baltic agro-climatic conditions, in Latvia and Estonia with five commercially available fava bean cultivars, representing broad genetic variation (‘Gloria’, ‘Julia’, ‘Jogeva’, ‘Lielplatones’, and ‘Bauska’). The results evidenced ‘Bauska’, ‘Julia’, and ‘Lielplatones’, as the most productive cultivars in terms of seed yield (4.5, 3.7, and 4.6 t ha−1, respectively) and protein yield (1.39, 1.22, and 1.36 t ha−1, respectively) under Estonian and Latvian agro-climatic conditions. Sowing these specific cultivars at densities of 30–40 seeds m−2 constitutes sustainable management for fava bean production in conventional cropping systems in the Baltic region.

scholarly journals The effect of stand structure on the grain quality of spring barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Jan Křen ◽  
Martin Houšť ◽  
Ludvík Tvarůžek ◽  
Zdeněk Jergl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
High Level

The results of 81 different crop management practices in spring barley grown in small-plot field trials on fertile soils in central Moravia were assessed during 2014–2016 with the aim to achieve the highest gross margin (GM – calculated as the difference between revenues and direct costs). GM was most affected by protein content in the grain below 12% corresponding to malting quality. Analyses identified greater determination level of non-linear relationships between stand structure elements and the content of nitrogen substances in the grain. This indicates that the probability of obtaining high quality malting barley is increased when a high level of sinks (number of grains/m<sup>2</sup>) corresponding to availability of sources, mainly water, is formed by optimal plant density (300–400/m<sup>2</sup>) and balanced combination of both structural elements of crop stand, i.e. – number of spikes per plant (2–4) and number of grains per spike (18–26). In case that the high level of sinks will be formed predominantly by one element, the risk of higher protein content in grain increases. This constitutes the requirement of early sowing and uniform, synchronized tillering and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizers.

Intercropping fava bean with broccoli can improve soil properties while maintaining crop production under Mediterranean conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Marcos-Pérez ◽  
Virginia Sánchez-Navarro ◽  
Raúl Zornoza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
External Fertilization ◽  
Fava Bean

&lt;p&gt;Including legumes in intercropping systems may be regarded as a sustainable way to improve soil quality, fertility and land productivity, mostly due to facilitation processes and high rhizospheric activity which can mobilize soil nutrients for plants. Improvements in production and soil quality depend on inherent soil properties, climatic conditions, adopted management practices and fertilization, among others. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the association between broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) and fava bean (Vicia fava) grown under different intercropping patterns on crop production, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (Nt), soil aggregate stability (SAS) and soil fertility, compared to a broccoli monocrop. We defined a randomised block field experiment with three replications assessing the effect of monocropping, row 1:1 intercropping, row 2:1 intercropping and mix intercropping, with 30% reduction in fertilization in intercropped systems compared to monocrop. Soil sampling took place at harvest in February 2019. Results showed that the broccoli-fava bean intercropping significantly increased the general land production, with similar broccoli yield of 20000 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;in all treatments, plus 8000 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; coming from fava bean. Crop diversification and fava bean cultivation even in monocrop significantly increased SOC and Nt compared to broccoli monocrop. SOC and Nt were 1.06% and 0.09%, respectively, for broccoli monocrop, while they had average values of 1.29% and 0.12%, respectively for the intercropped systems. SAS was also significantly affected by crop diversification, with increases in the proportion of the macroaggregates (size &gt;2 mm) with intercropping. Broccoli monocrop showed an average proportion of these macroaggregates of 9.19%, while they increased up to 17.51% in intercropped systems. CEC was not significantly affected by intercropping SAS showing almost same percentage of aggregates independently of the treatment. Available P significantly increased in intercropped systems, likely due to increased microbial activity with the simultaneous growth of the two crop species. However, no significant effect of intercropping was observed with any other nutrient (Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn and B), suggesting that microbial communities activated by the crop association are highly related to P mobilization but not so intensively involved in other nutrients. Thus, intercropping systems like broccoli-fava bean association can be regarded as a viable alternative for sustainable crop production while increasing soil fertility despite reducing the addition of external fertilization. However, more crop cycles are needed to confirm this trend.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Potential for foliar phosphorus fertilisation of dryland cereal crops: a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Noack ◽  
T. M. McBeath ◽  
M. J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Although not commonly used in dryland cropping systems to date, foliar phosphorus (P) fertilisation may allow a tactical response to prevailing seasonal climatic conditions, with the added benefit of reduced input costs at sowing. However, variable outcomes have been reported from field trials predominantly conducted in the USA, and to a lesser degree in Australia. The effectiveness of foliar P is dependent on soil P status, soil water status, crop type, fertiliser formulation and prevailing climatic conditions. This review argues that the potential of foliar P fertilisation in Australian dryland cereal cropping could be enhanced by altering formulations for enhanced leaf penetration using adjuvants, and by accurately assessing the responsiveness of sites before application. This review demonstrates that it is important to use appropriate techniques such as isotopic labelling, to measure the efficacy and mode of action of foliar formulations.

scholarly journals Production of Puno and Titicaca quinoa cultivars - cost benefit analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2953-2963
Author(s):  
SLAĐANA SAVIĆ ◽  
◽  
BORISZ CZEKUS ◽  
ENIKE GREGORIĆ ◽  
SONJA ĐURIČIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the paper is to test the effect of climatic conditions and management practices on the yield of two quinoa cultivars (Puno and Titicaca) and to analyze the economic benefits of quinoa productivity. The experiments were carried out during the 2017 and 2019 growing seasons in rain-fed conditions on a Serbian farm. The results of the two-year long experiments proved that the growing of the quinoa cultivar Puno and particularly the cultivar Titicaca in the agro-ecological conditions of Serbia would be remarkably successful from the aspect of agronomy (with the obtained average yield of 2.5 t ha-1 ) as well as from the aspect of economy (with the achieved average profit of 9,411 € ha-1 ). The obtained profit values indicate that the quinoa production in the Republic of Serbia would be more cost-effective than the production of the field crops which are already produced, particularly in the increasingly present arid conditions.

scholarly journals Innovative Pulses for European Temperate Regions: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Ayerdi Gotor ◽  
Elisa Marraccini
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

In the Global North, there is an increasing interest in pulses both for their beneficial effects in cropping systems and for human health. However, despite these advantages, the acreage dedi-cated to pulses has been declining and their diversity reduced, particularly in European temperate regions, due to several social and economic factors. This decline has stimulated a political debate in the EU on the development of plant proteins. By contrast, in the Global South, a large panel of minor pulses is still cropped in regional patterns of production and consumption. The aim of this paper is to investigate the for cultivation of potential minor pulses in European temperate regions as a complement to common pulses. Our assumption is that some of these crops could adapt to different pedo-climatic conditions, given their physiological adaptation capacity, and that these pulses might be of interest for the development of innovative local food chains in an EU policy context targeting protein autonomy. The research is based on a systematic review of 269 papers retrieved in the Scopus database (1974&ndash;2019), which allowed us to identify 41 pulses as candidate species with a protein content higher than 20% that are already consumed as food. For each spe-cies, the main agronomic (e.g. temperature or water requirements) and nutritional characteristics (e.g. proteins or antinutritional contents) were identified in their growing regions. Following their agronomic characteristics, the candidate crops were confronted with variability in the annual growing conditions for spring crops in European temperate areas to determine the earliest poten-tial sowing and latest harvest dates. Subsequently, the potential sum of temperatures was calcu-lated with the Agri4cast database to establish the potential climatic suitability. For the first time, 21 minor pulses were selected to be grown in these temperate areas and appear worthy of inves-tigation in terms of yield potential, nutritional characteristics or best management practices.

Using a regional version of the AquaCrop model to simulate crop biomass and soil moisture: an evaluation with remote sensing data products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon de Roos ◽  
Gabrielle De Lannoy ◽  
Dirk Raes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Crop Biomass

&lt;p&gt;A shift to more sustainable land cultivation practices is necessary to meet the future crop demand, which faces a vastly growing population and changing climatic conditions. To assess which management practices can be effectively applied at a regional scale, good spatial monitoring techniques are required. With a regional version of the AquaCrop model v6.1, we simulate crop biomass production and soil moisture at a 1-km resolution over Europe. Biomass productivity is compared against the Dry Matter Productivity of the Copernicus Global Land Service, derived from optical satellite sensors, while surface moisture content is evaluated with Sentinel-1 and SMAP microwave satellite retrieval products and inter-compared with in situ data. We show that the AquaCrop model can successfully be applied at a relatively fine resolution over a large scale, using global input data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research is part of a H2020 project, named SHui. SHui is a collaborative effort between Universities from Europe and China, with the overall aim of managing water scarcity in cropping systems for individuals as well as stakeholder organizations.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Agronomic Evaluation of Biochar, Compost and Biochar-Blended Compost across Different Cropping Systems: Perspective from the European Project FERTIPLUS

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Sánchez-Monedero ◽  
María L. Cayuela ◽  
María Sánchez-García ◽  
Bart Vandecasteele ◽  
Tommy D’Hose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Organic C

This paper reports the results on the agronomic performance of organic amendments in the EU 7th FP project “FERTIPLUS—reducing mineral fertilizers and agro-chemicals by recycling treated organic waste as compost and bio-char”. Four case studies on field-scale application of biochar, compost and biochar-blended compost were established and studied for three consecutive years in four distinct cropping systems and under different agro-climatic conditions in Europe. These included the following sites: olive groves in Murcia (Spain), greenhouse grown tomatoes in Almeria (Spain), an arable crop rotation in Oost-Vlaanderen (Merelbeke, Belgium), and three vineyards in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy). A slow pyrolysis oak biochar was applied, either alone or in combination with organic residues: compost from olive wastes in Murcia (Spain), sheep manure in Almeria (Spain), and compost from biowaste and green waste in Belgium and Italy. The agronomical benefits were evaluated based on different aspects of soil fertility (soil total organic carbon (TOC), pH, nutrient cycling and microbial activity) and crop nutritional status and productivity. All amendments were effective in increasing soil organic C in all the field trials. On average, the increase with respect to the control was about 11% for compost, 20% for biochar-blended compost, and 36% for biochar. The amendments also raised the pH by 0.15–0.50 units in acidic soils. Only biochar had a negligible fertilization effect. On the contrary, compost and biochar-blended compost were effective in enhancing soil fertility by increasing nutrient cycling (25% mean increase in extractable organic C and 44% increase in extractable N), element availability (26% increase in available K), and soil microbial activity (26% increase in soil respiration and 2–4 fold enhancement of denitrifying activity). In general, the tested amendments did not show any negative effect on crop yield and quality. Furthermore, in vineyards and greenhouse grown tomatoes cropping systems, compost and biochar-blended compost were also effective in enhancing key crop quality parameters (9% increase in grape must acidity and 16% increase in weight, 9% increase in diameter and 8% increase in hardness of tomato fruits) important for the quality and marketability of the crops. The overall results of the project suggest that the application of a mixture of biochar and compost can benefit crops. Therefore, biochar-blended compost can support and maintain soil fertility.

scholarly journals Tillage Effects on Selected Soil Physical Properties in a Maize-Bean Intercropping System in Mwala District, Kenya

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Karuma ◽  
Peter Mtakwa ◽  
Nyambilila Amuri ◽  
Charles K. Gachene ◽  
Patrick Gicheru
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Soil Surface Roughness ◽  
Short Rains

A field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tillage practices on soil physical properties in Mwala district, Eastern Kenya, during the long rains (LR) and short rains (SR) of 2012/13. The treatments were disc ploughing (DP), disc ploughing and harrowing (DPH), ox-ploughing (OX), subsoiling-ripping (SSR), hand hoeing with tied ridges (HTR), hand hoeing only (H). These were investigated under three cropping systems of sole maize, sole bean, and maize-bean intercrop in a split-plot design with four replications. Soil physical properties were monitored at different weeks after planting (WAP) throughout the growing seasons. A four-season average shows that soil moisture content was significantly (P<0.05) higher in OX > SSR > DPH > H > HTR > DP with values ranging from 13.1 to 14.1%. Soil surface roughness and crust strength varied significantly (P<0.05) over time within the growing seasons, between the tillage practices, and across the different seasons with values ranging from 26 to 66% and 1.21 to 1.31 MPa, respectively. Tillage practices and cropping systems did not significantly affect bulk density, porosity, or Ksat values. It is apparent that long term tillage experiment (>4 seasons) would be required to detect changes in soil physical properties as a result of the soil management practices.

scholarly journals Magnesium supplementation of the dairy herd: a case study in Northland and a comparison of two magnesium fertilisers; kieserite and magnesium oxide

2004 ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
M.F. Hawke ◽  
B.J. Hunt ◽  
K. Alexander ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Second Year

Supplementing magnesium (Mg) to dairy cows is widely practised in New Zealand herds. Various methods are used including drenching, pasture dusting, water trough treatment and adding to hay/silage. Following hypomagnesaemia problems on a Northland farm, a capital input of 124 kg /ha of magnesium oxide (MgO) was applied in April 2000 followed by annual maintenance rates of 25-30 kg Mg/ha (all as MgO). Soil, pasture and animal samples were taken regularly over a 3 year period and in the second year, on-farm management practices were detailed along with climatic conditions. Results indicated a very good lift in soil quick test Mg (from 16 to 29) with treated pasture averaging 0.21-0.25 % Mg. In the first year blood serum Mg levels of the cows (10 sampled on 4 occasions) were all close to optimum at 0.90 mmol/l but in the second year (10 sampled on 6 occasions), there were occasions when levels were lower and in some cases at or below the critical level (0.62 mmol/l). When farm management practices and climatic conditions were documented in 2001, there were instances when other feedstuffs low in Mg were fed as a high proportion of the diet leading to less Mg intake than from treated pasture alone. Also very wet conditions from August through to November led to much pugging damage and presumably poor pasture utilisation and lowered Mg intake. Although increased soil and herbage Mg status is useful as a background for maintaining animal performance, there will be times when other Mg supplementation will be necessary. In the Northland case this occurred in the second year after capital Mg fertiliser had been applied. In separate field trials in Northland and Rotorua, kieserite (magnesium sulphate) was shown to be a quicker acting Mg fertiliser than Mg. The trials indicated that 25 kg Mg/ha as kieserite generally gave a significant short term lift in pasture Mg status. If the cost was comparable a "little and often" philosophy of Mg fertiliser application may be a better alternative to a capital plus maintenance approach allowing pasture Mg to be boosted more quickly at critical periods of the year. Keywords: dairy cows, kieserite, magnesium fertiliser, magnesium oxide, magnesium supplementation

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