scholarly journals Magnesium supplementation of the dairy herd: a case study in Northland and a comparison of two magnesium fertilisers; kieserite and magnesium oxide

2004 ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
M.F. Hawke ◽  
B.J. Hunt ◽  
K. Alexander ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Second Year

Supplementing magnesium (Mg) to dairy cows is widely practised in New Zealand herds. Various methods are used including drenching, pasture dusting, water trough treatment and adding to hay/silage. Following hypomagnesaemia problems on a Northland farm, a capital input of 124 kg /ha of magnesium oxide (MgO) was applied in April 2000 followed by annual maintenance rates of 25-30 kg Mg/ha (all as MgO). Soil, pasture and animal samples were taken regularly over a 3 year period and in the second year, on-farm management practices were detailed along with climatic conditions. Results indicated a very good lift in soil quick test Mg (from 16 to 29) with treated pasture averaging 0.21-0.25 % Mg. In the first year blood serum Mg levels of the cows (10 sampled on 4 occasions) were all close to optimum at 0.90 mmol/l but in the second year (10 sampled on 6 occasions), there were occasions when levels were lower and in some cases at or below the critical level (0.62 mmol/l). When farm management practices and climatic conditions were documented in 2001, there were instances when other feedstuffs low in Mg were fed as a high proportion of the diet leading to less Mg intake than from treated pasture alone. Also very wet conditions from August through to November led to much pugging damage and presumably poor pasture utilisation and lowered Mg intake. Although increased soil and herbage Mg status is useful as a background for maintaining animal performance, there will be times when other Mg supplementation will be necessary. In the Northland case this occurred in the second year after capital Mg fertiliser had been applied. In separate field trials in Northland and Rotorua, kieserite (magnesium sulphate) was shown to be a quicker acting Mg fertiliser than Mg. The trials indicated that 25 kg Mg/ha as kieserite generally gave a significant short term lift in pasture Mg status. If the cost was comparable a "little and often" philosophy of Mg fertiliser application may be a better alternative to a capital plus maintenance approach allowing pasture Mg to be boosted more quickly at critical periods of the year. Keywords: dairy cows, kieserite, magnesium fertiliser, magnesium oxide, magnesium supplementation

scholarly journals Experiences of ryegrass endophyte on farms on the East Coast of the North Island

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
G.D. Milne ◽  
A.H. Russell ◽  
J.R. Russell ◽  
S.W. Russell ◽  
P.A. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Probable Reason ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

A case study of a Hawke's Bay farm with a history of ryegrass staggers (RGS) and results of a survey of veterinarians from three regions are presented. A RGS outbreak in 1989 on the 'Tunanui' property at Sherenden resulted in the loss of 900 sheep and three cattle, with total costs estimated to be $61,000. There have been no severe outbreaks since then, despite similar climatic conditions occurring. The probable reason for this is a combination of improved awareness of RGS and conscious avoidance of the problems, and the indirect effects of other changes to farm management. The survey of veterinarians showed a rise in the prevalence of ryegrass endophyte related disorders in Manawatu and Waikato between the 1980s and 1990s, but no change for East Coast regions. Veterinarians spend very little time assisting clients with endophyte related problems, despite 41% of clients having problems. It is recommended that veterinarians provide more prevention advice to farmers, and farm management practices that successfully reduce RGS be promoted. Keywords: cattle, deaths, disorders, East Coast, farm, prevalence, remedies, ryegrass staggers, sheep, veterinarians

scholarly journals Do mats matter? – Comparison of fertility traits and milk yield in dairy cows on rubber or concrete flooring

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Kremer ◽  
A. M. Scholz ◽  
S. Nüske ◽  
M. Förster
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fertility Trait ◽  
Days Open ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
The University ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract. Rubber flooring in dairy cows has been discussed controversially, because different studies found as well advantages as disadvantages regarding claw health. Until today little is known regarding the effect of rubber flooring on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the study aimed at comparing fertility and the milk yield of dairy cows on concrete or rubber flooring. Days to first breeding (DFB), days open (DO), services per conception (SC), heat detection rate (HDR), conception rate (first service; CR1st service) and the corresponding 100 days in milk (DIM) milk yield were evaluated for 139 lactation periods of 91 cows of the University Munich Livestock Center dairy herd. The cows entered the study as heifers and were housed on the same flooring system during their whole productive life. All cows underwent the same management, feeding, and climatic conditions. A mixed model procedure was used to analyse data. Cows on rubber (RSF) compared with cows on concrete flooring (CSF) showed less DFB (76.8/94.6; P<0.01), less DO (98.8/138.4; P<0.01), and no difference regarding SC (1.5/1.7; P=0.267). Furthermore, no differences regarding the 100 DIM milk yield could be established. The calculation of HDR (54.9%/27.9%) and CR1st service (39.4/29.4) showed also high advantages for the rubber flooring. It was concluded that rubber flooring affects an earlier onset of regular oestrus behaviour and improves the economically sensible fertility trait of calving interval by earlier pregnancy and less days open but does not cause higher milk yield.

scholarly journals Results of economically valuable indicators of varieties of children's hornous in the selection nursery in the conditions of the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasil'evna Ivanova ◽  
Olga Vasil'evna Kurdakova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
First Year ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Second Year

The article presents the results of a test of new varietal species of baby eagles in a breeding nursery in 2018 - 2019. The options for the first and second year of use were evaluated. The purpose of these studies was to identify the most valuable economic traits of new highly productive varieties for use in further work. Weather and climatic conditions were generally favorable for the wintering and development of plants of horned calves in the spring and summer. During field trials, it was found that in terms of green mass yields in the total over two years of use, the E-25 variant stood out (+ 30.5% to Smolensky 1 standard). Over the entire period of testing, he showed a high and stable increase. It was slightly lower with the E-49 varietomer (+ 24.2%), which showed higher yields in the first year of use than in the second. They also stood out by the yield of air-dry matter (+ 21.4% and + 31.45%, respectively). Such productivity of the plant of horned lamb was shown in the conditions of sowing on slightly acidic loamy soil with a low content of humus, mobile potassium and a high content of phosphorus.

scholarly journals Influence of Baltic Agro-Environmental Conditions on Yield and Quality of Fava Bean Crops in Conventional Systems

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Liga Lepse ◽  
Ingunn M. Vågen ◽  
Solvita Zeipina ◽  
Torfinn Torp ◽  
Margit Olle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil Features ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
The Baltic

Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) yields are featured by high variability, influenced by the agro-environmental conditions during the growing seasons. These legume crops are sensitive to hydric and heat stresses. The adaptation depends on the efficiency of specific cultivars to use the available resources to produce biomass. This capacity is determined by the genotype and agronomical management practices. The present work aimed to uncover the influence of Baltic agro-environmental conditions (fava bean cultivar, plant density, climate, and soil features) on yield and protein content. For this, field trials were set under Baltic agro-climatic conditions, in Latvia and Estonia with five commercially available fava bean cultivars, representing broad genetic variation (‘Gloria’, ‘Julia’, ‘Jogeva’, ‘Lielplatones’, and ‘Bauska’). The results evidenced ‘Bauska’, ‘Julia’, and ‘Lielplatones’, as the most productive cultivars in terms of seed yield (4.5, 3.7, and 4.6 t ha−1, respectively) and protein yield (1.39, 1.22, and 1.36 t ha−1, respectively) under Estonian and Latvian agro-climatic conditions. Sowing these specific cultivars at densities of 30–40 seeds m−2 constitutes sustainable management for fava bean production in conventional cropping systems in the Baltic region.

1266 Association between management practices and dairy herd performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 611-611
Author(s):  
P. Turiello ◽  
J. M. Piñeiro ◽  
G. M. Schuenemann
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Herd

114 What Is the Impact of Dairy Influence Cattle on the Traditional Beef Industry Structure?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Luke Fuerniss
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Industry Structure ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The U.S. cow inventory includes approximately 31 million beef cows and 9 million dairy cows, so flow of cattle from dairies into beef production influences the traditional beef industry structure. Dairy-influenced cattle have historically entered the beef supply chain as cull cows and calf-fed Holstein steers. Culled dairy cows account for approximately half of the cows harvested in the United States annually. Fed steers and heifers of dairy influence are estimated to account for 15% of annual steer and heifer slaughter. Advancements in data availability, genomics, and reproductive technologies have enabled more precise selection of dairy replacement heifers and more pregnancies to be allocated to a terminal sire. Recently, the use of beef semen to breed dairy cows that are not desirable for producing replacement heifers has become more widespread. Beef-on-dairy calves are often moved to calf ranches shortly after birth where they are weaned and grown before transitioning to traditional grow yards or feedlots. In comparison to traditional range beef production, calves of dairy origin are weaned at a younger age, have more restricted mobility early in life, and are fed a delivered ration for a greater number of days. While carcasses of dairy-originated fed cattle excel in subcutaneous leanness and marbling, calves originating from dairies typically experience greater morbidity, poorer feed conversion, and poorer dressed yields compared to native fed cattle. Future opportunities to optimize beef production from the dairy herd include refining sire selection to consistently produce high quality calves, reducing variation in calfhood management, and identifying optimal nutrition and growth technology programs for calves from dairies.

scholarly journals Tracking Changes on Soil Structure and Organic Carbon Sequestration after 30 Years of Different Tillage and Management Practices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Ramón Bienes ◽  
Maria Jose Marques ◽  
Blanca Sastre ◽  
Andrés García-Díaz ◽  
Iris Esparza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Wilting Point

Long-term field trials are essential for monitoring the effects of sustainable land management strategies for adaptation and mitigation to climate change. The influence of more than thirty years of different management is analyzed on extensive crops under three tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and no-tillage (NT), and with two crop rotations, monoculture winter-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wheat-vetch (Triticum aestivum L.-Vicia sativa L.), widely present in the center of Spain. The soil under NT experienced the largest change in organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, macroaggregate stability, and bulk density. In the MT and NT treatments, SOC content was still increasing after 32 years, being 26.5 and 32.2 Mg ha−1, respectively, compared to 20.8 Mg ha−1 in CT. The SOC stratification (ratio of SOC at the topsoil/SOC at the layer underneath), an indicator of soil conservation, increased with decreasing tillage intensity (2.32, 1.36, and 1.01 for NT, MT, and CT respectively). Tillage intensity affected the majority of soil parameters, except the water stable aggregates, infiltration, and porosity. The NT treatment increased available water, but only in monocropping. More water was retained at the permanent wilting point in NT treatments, which can be a disadvantage in dry periods of these edaphoclimatic conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental Drivers and Age Trends in Site Productivity for Oak in Southern Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Luiza Tymińska-Czabańska ◽  
Jarosław Socha ◽  
Marek Maj ◽  
Dominika Cywicka ◽  
Xo Viet Hoang Duong
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Si Model

Site productivity provides critical information for forest management practices and is a fundamental measure in forestry. It is determined using site index (SI) models, which are developed using two primary groups of methods, namely, phytocentric (plant-based) or geocentric (earth-based). Geocentric methods allow for direct site growth modelling, in which the SI is predicted using multiple environmental indicators. However, changes in non-static site factors—particularly nitrogen deposition and rising CO2 concentration—lead to an increase in site productivity, which may be visible as an age trend in the SI. In this study, we developed a geocentric SI model for oak. For the development of the SI model, we used data from 150 sample plots, representing a wide range of local topographic and site conditions. A generalized additive model was used to model site productivity. We found that the oak SI depended predominantly on physicochemical soil properties—mainly nitrogen, carbon, sand, and clay content. Additionally, the oak SI value was found to be slightly shaped by the topography, especially by altitude above sea level, and topographic position. We also detected a significant relationship between the SI and the age of oak stands, indicating the long-term increasing site productivity for oak, most likely caused by nitrogen deposition and changes in climatic conditions. The developed geocentric site productivity model for oak explained 77.2% of the SI variation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document