scholarly journals Irrigation during Flowering Improves Subsoil Water Uptake and Grain Yield in Rainfed Soybean

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin He ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Feng-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Pod Number

Water is the main factor limiting soybean yield and the timely supply of supplemental irrigation could increase the grain yield, but the effects of a supplemental water supply on soybean yields have not been well studied. Field and pot experiments were conducted to compare the grain yield, yield components, water use efficiency for grain yield (WUEG), flower number, filled-pod number, soil water content, and root dry weight at different depths with and without supplemental irrigation at flowering. Field experiments showed that compared to rainfed conditions, 40 mm of water applied during flowering significantly increased grain yield by 26%, WUEG by 12%, filled-pod number by 16%, grain number by 13.3%, and water uptake from soil by 11% in 2011, and increased grain yield by 22%, WUEG by 7%, filled-pod number by 26%, grain number by 27%, and water uptake by 21% in 2012. The soil water content in the subsoil (1.2–2.0 m) layers under the irrigated treatment was lower, indicating greater water extraction, than in the rainfed treatment and water uptake was significantly and positively correlated with yield in both years. In a pot experiment, flower and filled-pod number, water use during flowering and podding were significantly higher in the well-watered (WW) treatment than cyclic water stress (WS) treatment. Flower number and filled-pod number were significantly and positively correlated with water use during flowering and podding, respectively, under both the WW and WS treatments. The root dry weight was higher in the 0.2–0.8 m soil layer in the WW treatment than the WS treatment. We conclude that supplementary water at flowering increased the water uptake from deeper soil layers by increasing the distribution of roots in the subsoil layers that resulted in the production of more flowers and filled pods and increased the WUEG and grain yield.

scholarly journals Plastic-Covered Ridge-Furrow Planting Combined with Supplemental Irrigation Based on Measuring Soil Moisture Promotes Wheat Grain Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Irrigated Fields on the Loess Plateau, China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010
Author(s):  
Jian Luo ◽  
Zimeng Liang ◽  
Luoyan Xi ◽  
Yuncheng Liao ◽  
Yang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Use Efficiency

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combining plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting (RF) and supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture (SIMSM) can increase the grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in irrigated fields of Loess Plateau, China. In 2016–2018, the experiment was conducted at Doukou experimental farm (34°36′ N, 108°52′ E) with two plant systems (RF and traditional planting (TF)) and three irrigation treatments (S1 and S2: SIMSM with a target relative soil water content of 85% and 100%, respectively). The results suggest that under the TF system, SIMSM decreased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization. The reason for this may be the local low precipitation. However, the combination of RF and S2 significantly increased the WUE, protein and wet gluten concentration in the grain. In addition, the grain yield of the RF plus S2 treatment was not significantly different than that of the traditional irrigation method. These results suggest that combining RF and SIMSM with a target relative soil water content of 100% is beneficial to the synergistic improvement of the wheat yield, the wheat quality, and the water and fertilizer use efficiency in irrigated fields on the Loess Plateau.

Differences between two grain sorghum genotypes in adaptation to drought stress. II. Root water uptake and water use

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
RCG Smith
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Adaptation To Drought

A study of two sorghum hybrids, E-57 and TX-671, indicated that differences in grain yield under conditions of low rainfall were associated with increased extraction of soil water at depth. E-57 used less water before anthesis than did TX-671, which was more than compensated for by increased water use after anthesis. As soil water declined in a drying cycle, TX-671 tended to restrict its water use at a higher water content than E-57. The implication of these results is discussed.

Evapotranspiration Measurement and Irrigation Scheduling for Several Tropical Fruit Crops Using the EnviroScan System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 549f-550
Author(s):  
Mongi Zekri ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
Stephen K. O'Hair ◽  
Roberto Nunez-Elisea ◽  
Jonathan H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit

In southern Florida, most tropical fruit crops between Biscayne and Everglades National Parks are irrigated at rates and frequencies based on experience and observations of tree growth and fruit yield rather than on reliable quantitative information of actual water use. This approach suggests that irrigation rates may be excessive and could lead to leaching of agricultural chemicals into the groundwater in this environmentally sensitive area. Therefore, a study is being conducted to increase water use efficiency and optimize irrigation by accurately scheduling irrigation using a very effective management tool (EnviroScan, Sentek Environmental Innovations, Pty., Kent, Australia) that continuously monitors soil water content with highly accurate capacitance multi-sensor probes installed at several depths within the soil profile. The system measures crop water use by monitoring soil water depletion rates and allows the maintenance of soil water content within the optimum range (below field capacity and well above the onset of plant water stress). The study is being conducted in growers' orchards with three tropical fruit crops (avocado, carambola, and `Tahiti' lime) to facilitate rapid adoption and utilization of research results.

scholarly journals Modelling the Impact on Root Water Uptake and Solute Return Flow of Different Drip Irrigation Regimes with Brackish Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fairouz Slama ◽  
Nessrine Zemni ◽  
Fethi Bouksila ◽  
Roberto De Mascellis ◽  
Rachida Bouhlila
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Return Flows ◽  
Semi Arid

Water scarcity and quality degradation represent real threats to economic, social, and environmental development of arid and semi-arid regions. Drip irrigation associated to Deficit Irrigation (DI) has been investigated as a water saving technique. Yet its environmental impacts on soil and groundwater need to be gone into in depth especially when using brackish irrigation water. Soil water content and salinity were monitored in a fully drip irrigated potato plot with brackish water (4.45 dSm−1) in semi-arid Tunisia. The HYDRUS-1D model was used to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes (deficit irrigation (T1R, 70% ETc), full irrigation (T2R, 100% ETc), and farmer’s schedule (T3R, 237% ETc) on root water uptake, root zone salinity, and solute return flows to groundwater. The simulated values of soil water content (θ) and electrical conductivity of soil solution (ECsw) were in good agreement with the observation values, as indicated by mean RMSE values (≤0.008 m3·m−3, and ≤0.28 dSm−1 for soil water content and ECsw respectively). The results of the different simulation treatments showed that relative yield accounted for 54%, 70%, and 85.5% of the potential maximal value when both water and solute stress were considered for deficit, full. and farmer’s irrigation, respectively. Root zone salinity was the lowest and root water uptake was the same with and without solute stress for the treatment corresponding to the farmer’s irrigation schedule (273% ETc). Solute return flows reaching the groundwater were the highest for T3R after two subsequent rainfall seasons. Beyond the water efficiency of DI with brackish water, long term studies need to focus on its impact on soil and groundwater salinization risks under changing climate conditions.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Soil Water Conservation Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5513-5520
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cultivated Plants

The conservation of water resources through their optimal use is a compulsory for countries with water shortages in the arid and semi-arid regions, and it should be in an environmentally friendly manner to avoid the serious consequences of the use of environmentally harmful substances, the implications of which are currently evident from climate change, pollution of water bodies, soils, etc. Since Egypt is one of those countries suffering from water scarcity and uses about 82.5 percent of its water consumption in agriculture, according to data of the Ministry of Irrigation in 2010, so this research is focusing on the use of new methods to increase the efficiency of irrigation water, to achieve high productivity of agricultural crops with less water use that will certainly help to alleviate or solve the water scarcity issue. The study used a physical based model, to simulate the methods used to increase sand soil properties to ensure larger water retention index. Within this work, soil have been sampled from different areas, to simulate the behavior of arid lands, under different water retention techniques. Soil was exposed to different techniques, as it was mixed with soil additives in different quantities and different types. Physical barriers of cohesive soil and polyethylene sheets were used in addition to studying the effect of mulch on water storage capacity in noncohesive soil. Water retention have been measured using the direct method of determination soil water content by oven drying and the volumetric water content (𝞱v ) with time graphs have been plotted in groups, as well as the cultivated plants have been monitored as to measure the influence on plants growing and irrigation efficiency. And the experiment showed that the use of rice straw (RS) and wheat straw (WS) in the powder condition have a significant effect in increasing in the soil water content and even to the plant growth, the WS obtained 𝞱v values approaching the loam soil at times and slightly less in the case of RS, when the percentage of RC and WS was 30% to the sandy soil volume/volume (v/v). Also the use of mulch of RS showed a noticeable increase in 𝞱v and significant improvement of plant growth to that without mulch. These proven technologies can be used in sandy land targeted for reclamation to reduce water use in agriculture.

scholarly journals Addition Effect of Petrasoil Additive Material on CBR Value of Soil in Swamp Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Herius ◽  
Indrayani Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Arfan Hasan ◽  
Ahmad Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Road Project

Some road construction projects use petrasoil additive to increase soil stabilization, one of then is the Improvement of Tabarfane-Hokmar (Chemical Petrasoil) Road Project in Aru Selatan Timur District, Aru Islands. To obtain the influence of petrasoil aditive material as soil stabilization in swamp areas, a research is needed. petrasoil additives that powder shape are dissolved in water with 3 variations, namely 500 liters, 750 liters, and 1000 liters of water. Tests which carried out include compaction testing, index properties, and CBR. The results showed that the addition of petrasoil mixture with water without being combined with other added ingredients could lead to increasingly unstable soil conditions where the soil water content increased and the dry weight of the soil diminished, meaning that soil density decreases, and the CBR value of soil decreases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document