scholarly journals Instrumental Procedures for the Evaluation of Juiciness in Peach and Nectarine Cultivars for Fresh Consumption

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Baltazar ◽  
Eva Cristina Correa ◽  
Belén Diezma
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mechanical Procedure

There is growing interest within the peach and nectarine markets in obtaining and selling ready-to-eat fruits. For this, pre-ripening protocols are being applied, which do not always result in sufficiently juicy fruits. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development of objective instrumental procedures for quantification of the juiciness attributes of these fruits. In this work, we evaluated the juiciness of more than 2000 fruits belonging to 20 of the varieties of greatest interest in the southeast of Spain. An instrumental mechanical procedure based on the confined compression of a pulp specimen of known volume was designed and optimized. Instrumental juiciness was defined as the wet area (cm2) on an absorbent paper located under the compression probe. This test allowed for the defining of objective thresholds for the identification of juicy fruits; 90% of the fruits with areas higher than 5.4 cm2 were considered to be juicy. Complementarily, non-invasive supervision by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, based on pulp structural changes during ripening, allowed for estimation of the instrumental juiciness with coefficients of correlation above 0.83. The results of these instrumental procedures contribute to supporting decision tools in the logistics chain of stone fruits.

scholarly journals Post-Mortem Chemical Changes in Poultry Breast Meat Monitored With Visible-Near Infrared Spectroscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A. Hawkins ◽  
Brian Bowker ◽  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Gary Gamble ◽  
Ronald Holser
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Postmortem Aging

<p>Chicken meat undergoes significant chemical and structural changes with postmortem time that influence meat quality characteristics. The objective of this study was to measure the visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectral differences in broiler breast fillets at 0.5, 4, 24, and 120 h postmortem. Muscle samples were flash frozen and freeze-dried prior to spectra analysis. In the visible region of the spectra (400-700 nm) changes in myoglobin protein peaks were observed with postmortem time. Freeze-drying muscle samples provided additional information from the NIR region of the spectra (800-2500 nm) on muscle protein changes during postmortem aging. Alterations to the b-sheet and a-helix structures of myofibrillar proteins and changes in the amount of bound water were observed in the NIR region with postmortem aging. Data from this study demonstrate that changes in breast fillets with postmortem time that are related to meat quality traits are detectable using vis-NIR spectroscopy.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Structural Differences between Water-Extracted and Non-Extracted Hydro-Thermally Treated Spruce Wood by NIR Spectroscopy

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1689
Author(s):  
Carmen-Mihaela Popescu ◽  
Nanami Zeniya ◽  
Kaoru Endo ◽  
Takuma Genkawa ◽  
Miyuki Matsuo-Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Sitka spruce wood samples were subjected to different conditions of hydro-thermal treatment by varying the relative humidity (RH) and period of exposure at a constant temperature of 120 °C. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, principal component analysis (PCA) and two dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) were employed to examine the structural changes which occur in the wood samples during the applied treatment conditions and to quantify the differences between non-extracted and water-extracted wood specimens after the treatment. Modifications were dependent on the amount of water molecules present the medium and also on treatment time. Higher variations were observed for samples treated at higher RH values and for longer periods. At the same time, it was also observed that during the hydro-thermal treatment a high amount of extractives remain in the wood structure, extractives which vary in quantity and composition. PCA and 2D-COS made it possible to discriminate modifications in the wood samples according to treatment time and relative humidity. Non-extracted and water-extracted samples were also examined to identify the sequential order of band modification.

PRETREATMENT METHOD RESEARCH OF NEAR-INFRARED SPECTRA IN BLOOD COMPONENT NON-INVASIVE MEASUREMENT

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 925-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI NA LI ◽  
GUANG JUN ZHANG ◽  
QING BO LI
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Blood Component ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Near Infrared Spectra ◽  
Target Analyte ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Blood component non-invasive measurement based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become a favorite topic in the field of biomedicine. However, the various noises from instrument measurement and the varying background from absorption of other components (except target analyte) in blood are the main causes, which influenced the prediction accuracy of multivariable calibration. Thinking of backgrounds and noises are always found in high-scale approximation and low-scale detail coefficients. It is possible to identify them by wavelet transform (WT), which has multi-resolution trait and can break spectral signals into different frequency components retaining the same resolution as the original signal. Meanwhile, associating with a criterion of uninformative variable elimination (UVE), it is better to eliminate backgrounds and noises simultaneously and visually. Basic principle and application technology of this pretreatment method, wavelet transform with UVE criterion, were presented in this paper. Three experimental near-infrared spectra data sets, including aqueous solution with four components data sets, plasma data sets, body oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) data sets, which, including glucose (the target analyte in this study), have all been used in this paper as examples to explain this pretreatment method. The effect of selected wavelength bands in the pretreatment process were discussed, and then the adaptability of different pretreatment method for the uncertainty complex NIR spectra model in blood component non-invasive measurements were also analyzed. This research indicates that the pretreatment methods of wavelet transform with UVE criterion can be used to eliminate varying backgrounds and noises for experimental NIR spectra data directly. Under the spectra area of 1100 to 1700 nm, utilizing this pretreatment method is helpful for us to get a more simple and higher precision multivariable calibration for blood glucose non-invasive measurement. Furthermore, by comparing with some other pretreatment methods, the results imply that the method applied in this study has more adaptability for the complex NIR spectra model. This study gives us another path for improving the blood component non-invasive measurement technique based on NIR spectroscopy.

NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE LEUKEMIA SCREENING

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhaizan Ismail ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽  
Intan Maisarah Abd Rahim ◽  
Rashidah Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis Tool

Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been applied as analytical tool in numerous field of study due to its ability in non-invasive application. NIRS with the ability in providing the information on biological molecules shows a high potential as a diagnosis tool in medical as diseased related to biochemistry changes of the cell and tissue. This paper reviewed the application of NIR spectroscopy in leukemia screening and in other medical application. General comparison between invasive and non-invasive NIR spectroscopy method is provided. The author also proposed a new non-invasive NIRS method in leukemia screening and compared it with the previous invasive NIRS method.

scholarly journals Non-invasive blood glucose measurement by near infrared spectroscopy: Machine drift, time drift and physiological effect

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon C. H. Lam ◽  
Joanne W. Y. Chung ◽  
K. L. Fan ◽  
Thomas K. S. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Drift Time ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Non Invasive

The aim of this paper is to evaluate development of the non-invasive blood glucose measurement of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy might obtain glucose concentration of up to 200% difference under a same environmental condition with two months apart due to time and machine drifts. These effects can restrict the development of the non-invasive blood glucose measurement. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used, which showed advantage over using simple absorbance for glucose concentration. Non-invasive blood glucose measurement of health subjects (non-diabetics) was also investigated. The results showed that R correlation coefficient of prediction (Rp) was 0.48 and root mean square of prediction (rmsep) was 1.34 mmol/l. The error was mainly due to the physiological effect of different subjects.

scholarly journals Designing and Implementation of Non Invasive Blood Glucose and Hemoglobin Detection using NIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Signals ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sugar Levels

our project describes the tactic of measurement of the glucose concentration and simultaneously hemoglobin within the human blood non-invasively using the painless near infrared-based optical technique. In recent practice, the concentration of glucose and hemoglobin in blood is measured using invasive techniques which generally involve pricking finger (commercial Glucometer and samples using spectroscopy). The frequent finger pricking causes damages on the skin and also increases the danger of spreading infectious diseases. So, the development of non-invasive blood sugar and hemoglobin measurement system are going to be a boon to diabetic patients. The designed system uses Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to work out blood sugar levels supported transmittance spectroscopy emitting signals of 940nm wavelength. These optical signals are sent through the fingertip and reflected signals are detected by phototransistor placed beside. The glucose concentration and therefore the hemoglobin within the blood are determined by analyzing the variation within the intensity of the received signal obtained after reflection. The described system is majorly useful for diabetic patients. In our project, we used Ardunio Uno for the acquisition and processing of the signals. The developed low-cost device could avoid complicated procedures and provides continuous monitoring of glucose and hemoglobin concentration.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Presence of Borax and NaCl on Water Absorption Pattern during Sturgeon Caviar (Acipenser transmontanus) Storage

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 7174
Author(s):  
Massimo Brambilla ◽  
Marina Buccheri ◽  
Maurizio Grassi ◽  
Annamaria Stellari ◽  
Mario Pazzaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensory Analyses ◽  
Analytical System

Sturgeon caviar quality relies not only on the perfect dosage of the ingredients but also on the long sturgeon breeding cycle (about 12–15 years) and the exact timing of the egg extraction. For the improvement and the promotion of Italian caviar, the development of an analytical system dedicated to fish products, and caviar, in particular, is fundamental. The use of near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) technology is auspicious. The aquaphotomics approach proved to be an adequate analytical tool to highlight, in real-time, the differences in caviar quality stored with, or without, borax as a preservative. Seventy-five sturgeon caviar (Acipenser transmontanus) samples underwent spectral NIR characterization using a microNIR1700 in the 900–1700 nm range. Data processing was carried out according to the literature. Tenderometric and sensory analyses were also carried out in parallel. The results suggest that a process line under strict control and monitoring can result in high-quality caviar without any other preservative than salt. The challenge of producing caviar without any potentially-toxic preservatives could now be a reality. NIR spectroscopy and aquaphotomics can be, in the future, non-invasive methods to monitor the whole production chain.

scholarly journals Online monitoring of horseradish peroxidase structural changes by Near Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Lucas Costa Lopes ◽  
Igor Ventura Brandão ◽  
Osmar Calderón Sánchez ◽  
Elton Franceschi ◽  
Gustavo Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy

scholarly journals Nondestructive identification of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) varieties using FT-NIR spectroscopy and pattern recognition

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 360-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Chen ◽  
J. Zhao ◽  
M. Liu ◽  
J. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Due to more and more tea varieties in the current tea market, rapid and accurate identification of tea (<I>Camellia sinensis</I> L.) varieties is crucial to the tea quality control. Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with the pattern recognition was used to identify individual tea varieties as a rapid and non-invasive analytical tool in this work. Seven varieties of Chinese tea were studied in the experiment. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were compared to construct the identification models based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The number of principal components factors (PCs) was optimised in the constructing model. The experimental results showed that the performance of ANN model was better than LDA models. The optimal ANN model was achieved when four PCs were used, identification rates being all 100% in the training and prediction sets. The overall results demonstrated that FT-NIR spectroscopy technology with ANN pattern recognition method can be successfully applied as a rapid method to identify tea varieties.

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