scholarly journals Identification of Wheat Cultivars for Low Nitrogen Tolerance Using Multivariable Screening Approaches

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Bhudeva S. Tyagi ◽  
John Foulkes ◽  
Gyanendra Singh ◽  
Sindhu Sareen ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

A set of thirty-six wheat cultivars were grown for two consecutive years under low and high nitrogen conditions. The interactions of cultivars with different environmental factors were shown to be highly significant for most of the studied traits, suggesting the presence of wider genetic variability which may be utilized for the genetic improvement of desired trait(s). Three cultivars, i.e., RAJ 4037, DBW 39 and GW 322, were selected based on three selection indices, i.e., tolerance index (TOL), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and yield stability index (YSI), while two cultivars, HD 2967 and MACS 6478, were selected based on all four selection indices which were common in both of the study years. According to Kendall’s concordance coefficient, the consistency of geometric mean productivity (GMP) was found to be highest (0.778), followed by YSI (0.556), SSI (0.472), and TOL (0.200). Due to the high consistency of GMP followed by YSI and SSI, the three selection indices could be utilized as a selection tool in the identification of high-yielding genotypes under low nitrogen conditions. The GMP and YSI selection indices had a positive and significant correlation with grain yield, whereas TOL and SSI exhibited a significant but negative correlation with grain yield under both high and low nitrogen conditions in both years. The common tolerant genotypes identified through different selection indices could be utilized as potential donors in active breeding programs to incorporate the low nitrogen tolerant genes to develop high-yielding wheat varieties for low nitrogen conditions. The study also helps in understanding the physiological basis of tolerance in high-yielding wheat genotypes under low nitrogen conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield-Based Low Nitrogen Tolerance Indices for Screening Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
Kunhui He ◽  
Zhiqian Feng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Liguo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Low Nitrogen Tolerance ◽  
Low Nitrogen

To screen the desired criterion to identify desirable genotypes and select genotypes best suited to limited nitrogen availability in order to facilitate the practice of low-nitrogen-tolerant breeding in maize, the response of 31 maize inbred lines, containing four control inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV, Zheng58, and Chang7-2) and others selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups cultivated at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), were evaluated. The experiment was conducted following a split plot design with two replications during three growing seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017) under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions at the Yulin and Yangling in Shaanxi Province, China. Seven screening indices, based on grain yield under two contrasting nitrogen (N) conditions, the stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), and low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI), were computed to assess the overall index that accurately screened the desirable genotypes. The results of the correlation analyses and principal component analysis showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI were correlated with grain yield significantly and positively under contrasting N conditions, and were able to accurately discriminate the desirable genotypes. Compared with the control inbred lines, many inbred lines selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups showed a higher LN tolerance. This shows that we can effectively improve the LN tolerance of maize inbred lines through LN screening. Based on the screening indices, the three-dimensional diagram and genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplots are agreed with this results, and we identified KA105, KB081, KA225, 91227, and 2013KB-47 as the desired genotypes that have the potential to be used to breed a high yield and stable hybrid.

scholarly journals Screening of Wheat Genotypes for Nitrogen Deficiency Tolerance Using Stress Screening Indices

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1544
Author(s):  
Marko Ivić ◽  
Sonja Grljušić ◽  
Brigita Popović ◽  
Luka Andrić ◽  
Ivana Plavšin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Low Nitrogen

An increased awareness of environmental protection and sustainable production raise the necessity of incorporating the selection of low nitrogen-tolerant winter wheat cultivars for high yield and quality in the breeding process. This selection can be assisted by using stress screening indices. Our study aimed to evaluate and compare a number of stress screening indices and to determine and select the most nitrogen deficiency-tolerant winter wheat cultivars for further breeding. The experiment included forty-eight winter wheat cultivars from eight different countries that were grown for two consecutive years at three different locations under low-nitrogen (LN) and high-nitrogen (HN) conditions. The results emphasized the importance of applying the appropriate stress screening indices in evaluating and selecting nitrogen deficiency-tolerant wheat cultivars. The promising stress screening indices were the mean productivity index (MP), geometric mean productivity index (GMP), harmonic mean index (HM), stress tolerance index (STI) and yield index (YI). They identified cultivars Sofru, BC Opsesija and MV-Nemere as the most tolerant cultivars to LN conditions for grain yield. The same indices classified U-1, OS-Olimpija, Forcali, Viktoria and BC Tena cultivars as the most tolerant to LN conditions for the grain protein content. Using the tolerance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI) and relative stress index (RSI), the Katarina and Ficko cultivars were denoted as LN-tolerant cultivars in terms of the grain yield and Isengrain, Tosunbey, Vulkan and BC Darija in terms of the grain protein content.

scholarly journals Discrimination of drought tolerance in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes based on selection indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Pooran GOLKAR ◽  
Esmaeil HAMZEH ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohammad MIRMOHAMMADY MAIBODY
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

<p>Improvement of elite safflower genotypes for drought-tolerance is hampered by a deficiency of effective selection criteria. The present study evaluated 100 genotypes of safflower in terms of their drought tolerance over a period of three years (2016–2018) under both non-stress and drought-stress conditions. The eight drought-tolerance indices of tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and harmonic mean (HARM) were calculated based on seed yield under drought (Y<sub>s</sub>) and non-drought (Y<sub>p</sub>) conditions. A high genetic variation was found in drought tolerance among the genotypes studied. The MP, GMP, and STI indices were able to discriminate between tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. Plots of the first and second principal components identified drought-tolerant genotypes averaged over the three study years. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into three distinct groups using the drought tolerance indices. Ultimately, eight genotypes (namely, G<sub>3</sub>, G<sub>11</sub>, G<sub>13</sub>, G<sub>24</sub>, G<sub>33</sub>, G<sub>47</sub>, G<sub>58</sub>, and G<sub>61</sub>) from different origins were detected as more tolerant to drought stress suitable for use in safflower breeding programs in drought-affected areas. The most tolerant and susceptible genotypes could be exploited to produce mapping populations for drought tolerance breeding programs in safflower.</p>

scholarly journals Canopy Temperature and Chlorophyll Content are Effective Measures of Drought Stress Tolerance in Durum Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh JOKAR ◽  
Rahmatollah KARIMIZADEH ◽  
Asad MASOUMIASL ◽  
Reza AMIRI FAHLIANI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) is used for the preparation of multiple food products, including pasta and bread. Its production is restricted due to diverse environmental stresses i.e. drought and heat stress. Here, comparative analysis of durum wheat varieties was done by studying canopy temperature depression (CTD) and chlorophyll content (CHL), yield and yield contributing traits to evaluate their performance under stress and low stress conditions. Twelve durum wheat genotypes were studied under stressful and low-stress conditions in Gachsaran region of Iran. CTD and CHL were measured at two stages, from the emergence of fifty percent of inflorescence (ZGS 54) to watery ripe stage (ZGS 71). According to stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) indices, genotype G10 exhibited the most, while genotype G6, the least relative tolerance, respectively. Based on MP and GMP, genotype G10 was found to be drought tolerant, while genotype G2 displayed the lowest amount of MP and GMP. Therefore these genotypes are recommended to be used as genitors in artificial hybridization for improvement of drought tolerance in other cultivars. All indices had high correlation with grain yield under stress and non-stress condition, indicating more suitability of these indices for selection of resistant genotype. Results of the present study showed that among drought tolerance indices, harmonic mean (HM), GMP, CTD and modified STI index (K2STI) can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening drought tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of Drought Stress on Some Agronomic and Morpho-Physiological Traits in Durum Wheat Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5610
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Lia Shooshtari ◽  
Neda Maleki-Tabrizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Durum wheat performance in the Mediterranean climate is limited when water scarcity occurs before and during anthesis. The present research was performed to determine the effect of drought stress on several physiological and agro-morphological traits in 17 durum wheat genotypes under two conditions (control and drought) over two years. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the various durum wheat genotypes responded differently to drought stress. Drought stress significantly reduced the grain filling period, plant height, peduncle length, number of spikes per plot, number of grains per spike, thousand grains weight, grain yield, biomass, and harvest index in all genotypes compared to the control condition. The heatmap-based correlation analysis indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly associated with phenological characters (days to heading, days to physiological maturity, and grain filling period), as well as number of spikes per plant, biomass, and harvest index under drought conditions. The yield-based drought and susceptible indices revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), and harmonic mean (HM) were positively and significantly correlated with grain yields in both conditions. Based on the average of the sum of ranks across all indices and a three-dimensional plot, two genotypes (G9 and G12) along with the control variety (G1) were identified as the most tolerant genotypes. Among the investigated genotypes, the new breeding genotype G12 showed a high drought tolerance and yield performance under both conditions. Hence, this genotype can be a candidate for further multi-years and locations test as recommended for cultivation under rainfed conditions in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Assessing Genetic Diversity of Rice Varieties under Drought Stress Conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina ABARSHAHR ◽  
Babak RABIEI ◽  
Habibollah SAMIZADEH LAHIGI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Varieties

In order to compare different rice genotypes grown under drought stress conditions a field experiment was conducted. In this study thirty different genotypes of native, breeded and upland cultivars were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes in respect of all vegetative and morphological traits. Genotypes were devided into three groups by cluster analysis based on all studied traits with minimum variance method (Wards Method). The total average indicates significant differences among groups in respect of all morphological and physiological characteristics. In addition, eight drought stress tolerance indices including: sensitivity to stress index (SSI), drought response index (DRI), relative drought index (RDI), tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity index (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity index (GMP) and harmonic mean index (HM) were calculated according to their grain yield under drought stress and normal conditions. In general, results of this experimnet revealed that, among rice cultivars Domsephid, Deylamany, Hasansaraei, Sadri, Anbarboo and Domsiah had the highest sensitivity referring to drought stress and produced the lowest grain yield. Also, genotypes of IR24 (breeded of IRRI), Nemat, Sephidroud, Kadoos and Bejar (breeded of Iran) and Vandana, upland cultivar (originally from India) had the highest tolerance to drought stress and produced the highest grain yield. In conclusion, it was suggested that, these cultivars are suitable for drought stress conditions and are appropriate for hybridization with the aim of increasing drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Trait-QTL-heritability of grain yield and other agronomic traits under low nitrogen conditions in bi-parental maize populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 096-116
Author(s):  
Collins Kimutai ◽  
Manje Gowda ◽  
Oliver Kiplagat
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Solution Mapping ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Limited or low Nitrogen is a wanting abiotic stress in maize mainly in Sub-Sahara Africa, affecting yields and quality development of maize crop. As an approach to getting a breeding solution; mapping of QTLs and understanding the heritability factor can provide useful information and guide for breeders in developing low nitrogen resilient maize. QTL mapping which is a molecular breeding component forms an actual basis in estimation of genomic regions associated to the expression of quantitative traits, and how heritable are such traits. Conducting a selection for Low N-tolerance is challenging due to its complex nature with strong interaction between genotypes and environments; therefore, marker assisted breeding is key to improving such complex traits, but at the same time requires markers associated with the trait of interest. In this study, three bi-parental populations were subjected to either or both low and optimum N conditions to detect and determine the QTLs heritability for grain yield and other agronomic traits. Essential to the study; genotype by environmental interaction, significance and heritability was examined for each population with most traits expressing low (<0.2) and moderate to high heritabilities (0.3>). These QTLs with high heritabilities across environments will be of great value for rapid introgression into maize populations using marker assisted selection approach. The study was a preliminary and therefore require further validation on heritability and fine mapping for them to be useful in MAS.

scholarly journals Evaluating Maize Genotype Performance under Low Nitrogen Conditions Using RGB UAV Phenotyping Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Luisa Buchaillot ◽  
Adrian Gracia-Romero ◽  
Omar Vergara-Diaz ◽  
Mainassara A. Zaman-Allah ◽  
Amsal Tarekegne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Maize is the most cultivated cereal in Africa in terms of land area and production, but low soil nitrogen availability often constrains yields. Developing new maize varieties with high and reliable yields using traditional crop breeding techniques in field conditions can be slow and costly. Remote sensing has become an important tool in the modernization of field-based high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP), providing faster gains towards the improvement of yield potential and adaptation to abiotic and biotic limiting conditions. We evaluated the performance of a set of remote sensing indices derived from red–green–blue (RGB) images along with field-based multispectral normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD values) as phenotypic traits for assessing maize performance under managed low-nitrogen conditions. HTPP measurements were conducted from the ground and from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For the ground-level RGB indices, the strongest correlations to yield were observed with hue, greener green area (GGA), and a newly developed RGB HTPP index, NDLab (normalized difference Commission Internationale de I´Edairage (CIE)Lab index), while GGA and crop senescence index (CSI) correlated better with grain yield from the UAV. Regarding ground sensors, SPAD exhibited the closest correlation with grain yield, notably increasing in its correlation when measured in the vegetative stage. Additionally, we evaluated how different HTPP indices contributed to the explanation of yield in combination with agronomic data, such as anthesis silking interval (ASI), anthesis date (AD), and plant height (PH). Multivariate regression models, including RGB indices (R2 > 0.60), outperformed other models using only agronomic parameters or field sensors (R2 > 0.50), reinforcing RGB HTPP’s potential to improve yield assessments. Finally, we compared the low-N results to the same panel of 64 maize genotypes grown under optimal conditions, noting that only 11% of the total genotypes appeared in the highest yield producing quartile for both trials. Furthermore, we calculated the grain yield loss index (GYLI) for each genotype, which showed a large range of variability, suggesting that low-N performance is not necessarily exclusive of high productivity in optimal conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p18
Author(s):  
Iancu Paula ◽  
Păniță Ovidiu ◽  
Soare Marin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Water is essential to maximize crop yield and quality. This natural resource has assumed huge importance, especially in the warmest areas, where drought and environmental degradation has affected agricultural production. In order to identify drought tolerance of some groundnut genotypes and to investigate the relationships between seed yield, quality and drought tolerance indices a study was made using 10 promising genotypes. The experiment was carried out during 2014-2017 and sowed under randomized block design with four replicates. It included three factors: two levels of irrigation (a1 – non - irrigated and a2 - irrigated), two levels of fertilization (b1 – non-fertilized and b2 - 100 active Nitrogen/ha) and genotype (C1-C10). Seed yield depending on the influence of the factor, varied from 535.95 Kg/ha (non-irrigated) to 2020.95 Kg/ha (irrigated); from 1055.30 Kg/ha (non-fertilized) to 1501 Kg/ha (fertilized) and from 1111.30 Kg/ha to 1388 Kg/ha depending on genotype. Same influence factors for protein content varied from 25.65% (irrigated) to 28.61% (non-irrigated); from 26.33% (non-fertilized) to 27.93% (fertilized) and from 25.59% to 28.52% depending on genotype. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) varied from 0.964 to 1.040; Stress Tolerance Index (STI) from 0.138 to 0.435; Mean Productivity (MP) from 883.5 to 1616.0; Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) from 750.3 to 1332.7; Tolerance index (TOL) from 933.0 to 1844.0; Harmonic Mean (HM) from 637.2 to 1099.0; Yield Index (YI) 0.777 to 1.308 and Yield Stability Index (YSI) from 0.236 to 0.309. High values of SSI, STI, YI, DI, RDI and SSPI indicate drought tolerance and those variants present high stability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Hexaploid Wheat Collection (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Stress Conditions Using Stress Tolerance Indices

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alireza Daneshvar Hosseini ◽  
Ali Dadkhodaie ◽  
Bahram Heidari ◽  
Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Drought Tolerance Indices ◽  
Tolerance Indices

Wheat is the most important crop in the world which faces the global problem of drought. Its production is affected by water deficit after pollination in arid and semi-arid regions. An experiment was conducted to assess tolerance of 39 bread wheat genotypes to end-season drought. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block in three replications and the drought tolerance indices (SSI, STI, TOL, MP and GMP) were calculated for grain yield. The cultivar Cambin produced the highest grain yield under normal irrigation by 369.19 g m-2 while Arina had the highest yield (223.35 g m-2) under drought stress conditions. Stress tolerance (TOL) introduced Hindukesh, Iran2355 and Iran6476 as drought tolerant genotypes. Also, results showed that grain yield under stress and non-stress environments were highly correlated with the mean productivity (MP), the geometric mean productivity (GMP) and tolerance index (TOL). These genotypes could be further used in crosses for genetic studies and breeding programs for improvement tolerance to drought.

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