scholarly journals A Comparison of Selected Biochemical and Physical Characteristics and Yielding of Fruits in Apple Cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Ki Yoon ◽  
Tomasz Kleiber ◽  
Zofia Zydlik ◽  
Krzysztof Rutkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Apple Fruits

The aim of the research was to determine selected biochemical and physical characteristics and yielding of fruits in apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh) such as Gala Schniga, Beni Shogun (Fuji) and Ligol, M.9 rootstock growing in the Wielkopolska region, Poland. high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed differences both in the profile and contents of soluble sugars and other metabolites detected in fruits of the tested apple varieties. The highest total saccharide content was found in fruits of cv. Gala Schniga, while leaves and shoots of this variety showed the lowest contents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed the lowest contents of semiquinone radicals in apple fruits and the highest in leaves of apple trees. All organs of Schniga Gala apple trees were characterized by the highest levels of these radicals. Besides, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) revealed the highest levels of this molecule in shoots of apple trees, especially the Beni Shogun variety, while in fruits the levels were the lowest. Ligol fruits had the highest content of ABA. The percentage of injury observed after a low-temperature treatment and estimated on the basis of electrolyte leakage, was shown to be the lowest in fruits of the Beni Shogun variety. In turn, the lowest average yield of apple fruits was recorded for the Ligol and Fuji varieties, with the highest in the case of the Gala Schniga variety. At the same time, a significant variability in the average weight of fruits was observed; the highest average mass of fruits was recorded for the Ligol variety, while it was lowest for Gala Schniga. Additionally, firmness evaluation of the fruits revealed that the firmest fruits were harvested from Gala apple trees, before the Beni Shogun and Ligol varieties. A significant variability was recorded in the red blush on fruit surfaces of the tested varieties, with Ligol fruits having the weakest blush. Altogether, these results indicate that fruits of the analyzed apple varieties differed both in terms of their biochemical composition and physical characteristics.

scholarly journals Hybridisation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. with Malus × domestica Borkh. and Implications for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Mateja Kišek ◽  
Kristjan Jarni ◽  
Robert Brus
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Malus Sylvestris ◽  
Forest Reproductive Material ◽  
Reproductive Material ◽  
Crab Apple

This study focuses on the morphological and genetic characteristics of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the occurrence of hybrids in its populations. We analyzed a total of 107 putative European crab apple trees in Slovenia: 92 from nine natural populations, five from a seed stand and 10 from a stand of unnatural origin. We also included 18 domesticated apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and two Japanese flowering crab apple trees (Malusfloribunda van Houtte) as outliers. The trees were classified into groups of European crab apples, hybrids and domesticated apples according to their morphological and genetic characteristics. Classification based on morphological traits produced different results (58.75% European crab apple, 37.11% hybrids and 4.14% domesticated apple) compared to those based on genetic analysis (70.10% European crab apple, 21.64% hybrids and 8.26% domesticated apple). When genetic and morphological characteristics were combined, only 40.20% of the trees were classified as European crab apple, and an additional group of feral cultivars of domesticated apples (6.18%) was identified. The analysis revealed that hybridization with domesticated apple is taking place in all studied natural European crab apple populations; however, hybrids and feral cultivars only occur to a limited extent. When introducing European crab apple into forests in the future, only genetically verified forest reproductive material obtained exclusively from suitable seed stands should be used.

Antiradical potential of ancient Italian apple varieties of Malus×domestica Borkh. in a peroxynitrite-induced oxidative process

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Iacopini ◽  
Fabiano Camangi ◽  
Agostino Stefani ◽  
Luca Sebastiani
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Oxidative Process ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Varieties

APPLE VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY FOLK BREEDING IN THE CAUCASUS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF MAIKOP EXPERIMENT STATION OF VIR AND THE VIR HERBARIUM (WIR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. SHLYAVAS ◽  
◽  
L.V. BAGMET ◽  
A.A. TRIFONOVA ◽  
K.V. BORIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Passport Data

The catalogue contains the basic passport data of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) developed by folk breeding in the Caucasus that are maintained in the VIR collection of global genetic resources. The presented accessions are preserved in the field genebank of Maikop Experiment Station of VIR and in the VIR herbarium collection (WIR). The catalogue is addressed to experts in the fields of plant breeding, genetics and botany as well as to teachers and students of biological or agricultural universities.

THE EFFECTS OF SURFACE-APPLIED CALCIUM ON SOIL AND MATURE SPARTAN APPLE TREES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. HOGUE ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Mature Apple

In 1975, hydrated lime and calcium sulfate were applied to a Rutland gravelly sandy loam under the canopy of mature apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. ’Spartan’) on M16 at 3000, 6000, 3 × 2000 and at 3000, 6000, 3 × 4000 kg/ha, respectively, pH and exchangeable Ca, Mg and Mn were measured in the soil sampled in 1979 at 10-cm intervals to a 60-cm depth for each of the check, 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 and 12 000 kg/ha gypsum treatments. The acidity of the surface soil was decreased significantly in the 6000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatment. Negligible soil Ca accumulation occurred below the surface 10-cm depth for any treatment. Soil Mn was decreased from the surface to the 20-cm level in the Ca(OH)2 treatment while soil Mg was decreased from the surface to the 30-cm level in the gypsum treatment. Fruit Ca concentration at harvest, 1975–1979 was not increased by soil Ca treatments. Leaf Mg was often reduced by soil gpysum applications in excess of 3000 kg/ha. Leaf Mn reduction did not occur until the 4th and 5th yr of the experiment in the 6000 and the 3 × 2000 kg/ha Ca(OH)2 treatments.

Terminal Velocity and Its Relationship to Physical Characteristics of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kheiralipour ◽  
A. Tabatabaeefar ◽  
H. Mobli ◽  
S. S. Mohtasebi ◽  
S. Rafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEMS AND ROOTS USED TO DISTINGUISH STANDARD FROM IRRADIATION-INDUCED VARIANT APPLE TREES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-518
Author(s):  
B. J. PARLIMAN ◽  
C. STUSHNOFF
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Beacon apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh.) variants derived from gamma-irradiated scionwood on Columbia Crab seedling (CC) rootstocks were compared to both standard Beacon/clonal rootstocks, standard Beacon/CC rootstocks and Columbia Crab seedling trees. Stem or root measurements of trees classed as induced spur-type dwarf variants/CC rootstocks had larger bark to xylem ratios than trees from other growth habit classes. Stem and root bark to xylem ratios have the potential to be used as juvenile selection criteria in screening for spur-type dwarf variants in irradiation-exposed apple tree populations.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of scab-immune apple fruits varieties (Malus domestica B.) as a valuable component of healthy dietary

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Natalia Saveleva ◽  
Nadezhda Borzykh ◽  
Vladislav Chivilev ◽  
Andrey Yushkov ◽  
Aleksander Zemisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Long Term Studies

The article presents an analysis of the biochemical composition of apple varieties (Malus domestica B.) with immunity to scab. Domestic and foreign apple varieties are used as research objects. Variability in fruits in the content of ascorbic acid (AA), soluble solids (SDS), P-active compounds, and titratable acids was noted. The high content of AA is noted in Uspenskoe, Skala, Bylina, Flagman, Yubilyar apple varieties. Long-term studies have revealed intervarietal differences in biochemical composition and variation of this trait over the years in apples. Varieties with valuable biochemical composition and immunity to scab can be used in organic food production, as well as in further breeding work to improve the quality of fruits.

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