scholarly journals Effect of Oxytetracycline and Chlortetracycline on Bacterial Community Growth in Agricultural Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanesa Santás-Miguel ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
Montserrat Díaz-Raviña ◽  
María José Fernández-Sanjurjo ◽  
Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Community Growth

Toxicity on soil bacterial community growth caused by the antibiotics oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) was studied in 22 agricultural soils after 1, 8 and 42 incubation days. The leucine incorporation method was used with this aim, estimating the concentration of each antibiotic which caused an inhibition of 50% in bacterial community growth (log IC50). For OTC, the mean log IC50 was 2.70, 2.81, 2.84 for each of the three incubation times, while the values were 2.05, 2.22 and 2.47 for CTC, meaning that the magnitude of OTC toxicity was similar over time, whereas it decreased significantly for CTC with incubation time. In addition, results showed that the toxicity on bacterial community growth due to CTC is significantly higher than when due to OTC. Moreover, the toxicity on bacterial community growth due to both antibiotics is dependent on soil properties. Specifically, an increase in soil pH and silt content resulted in higher toxicity of both antibiotics, while increases in total organic carbon and clay contents caused decreases in OTC and CTC toxicities. The results also show that OTC toxicity can be well predicted by means of specific equations, using the values of pH measured in KCl and those of effective cation exchange capacity as input variables. CTC toxicity may be predicted (but with low precision) using pH measured in KCl and total organic carbon. These equations may help to predict the negative effects caused by OTC and CTC on soil bacteria using easily measurable soil parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clarithromycin Toxicity on the Growth of Bacterial Communities in Agricultural Soils

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Laura Rodríguez-González ◽  
Vanesa Santás-Miguel ◽  
Claudia Campillo-Cora ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
David Fernández-Calviño
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Community Growth ◽  
Different Characteristics

The presence of antibiotics in different environmental matrices is a growing concern. The introduction of antibiotics into the soil is mainly due to sewage treatment plants. Once in the soil, antibiotics may become toxic to microbial communities and, as a consequence, can pose a risk to the environment and human health. This study evaluates the potential toxicity of the antibiotic clarithromycin (CLA) in relation to the bacterial community of 12 soils with different characteristics. Bacterial community growth was evaluated in soils spiked in the laboratory with different concentrations of CLA after 1, 8, and 42 incubation days. The results indicated that the addition of clarithromycin to the soil may cause toxicity in the bacterial communities of the soil. In addition, it was observed that toxicity decreases between 1 and 8 incubation days, while the bacterial community recovers completely in most soils after 42 incubation days. The results also show that soil pH and effective cation exchange capacity may influence CLA toxicity.

Effect of thermotolerant bacterial inoculation on the microbial community during sludge composting

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 750-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Fang ◽  
Xianbo Jia ◽  
Longjun Chen ◽  
Chenqiang Lin ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Thermophilic Bacterium ◽  
Geobacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Sludge Compost ◽  
Cooling Phase ◽  
Sludge Composting

A thermophilic bacterium (Geobacillus stearothermophilus CHB1) was inoculated in a sludge compost, and the effects of the inoculation on the abundance and structure of the bacterial community in the sludge compost were investigated using quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that the high-temperature stage (>50 °C) of the CHB1 and CK (control without inoculum) piles started on days 5 and 8, respectively, and lasted for 7 and 2 days, respectively, indicating the extension of the thermophilic phase by CHB1 inoculation in the sludge compost. At the end of composting, the CHB1 piles showed a higher loss of total organic carbon, lower C/N ratio, and lower moisture content. The abundance of bacteria in the CHB1 piles was significantly higher in the heating and thermophilic phase of composting but were lower than those of the CK in the cooling phase. The richness and diversity of the bacterial community in the thermophilic phase increased after inoculation with CHB1. After inoculation of CHB1, there were higher relative abundances of Firmicutes, Thermopolyspora, Thermobacillus, Thermomonas, Thermomonospora, and Thermovum, which can grow in a high-temperature environment. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, pH, temperature, and moisture were the significant parameters that affected the bacterial community structure during sludge composting. Our findings suggested that inoculation with CHB1 would enhance the quality and efficiency of composting.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Use of Herbicides on Soil Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
L. E. Tudararo-Aherobo ◽  
T. L. Ataikiru
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Farm Soils

Introduction: Herbicide application is a vital strategy of weed control. The effects of these chemicals on the non-target soil microorganisms are very intense; have adverse impact on physicochemical parameters of the soil, which in turn affect soil fertility and plant growth. Research Gap: There are insufficient literatures on extensive monitoring of the effects of prolonged herbicides use. Existing literatures concerning analysis of effect of prolonged herbicides application on soil are not comprehensive with respect to number of soil characteristics analyzed. Aim: This study assessed the effects of Atrazine and Glyphosate on physicochemical properties and microbial population of carrot and maize farm soils, exposed to prolonged use at Songhai Delta. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Songhai Delta farms and the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, from April to July, 2019. Methodology: These pesticides were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions at sublethal concentrations. Their effects on soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates and microbial populations at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were assessed using standard methods. Microbial counts were carried out for total heterotrophic bacteria and fungi using the pour plate method. Results: There were variations in the different properties of the carrot and maize farm soils. Soil pH was higher in maize farm (5.91±0.10) than in carrot farm (5.88±0.06) at the depth of 15-30 cm. The pH, total organic carbon, nitrate content had no significant difference while phosphate and microbial counts were significantly different at P=.05. Conclusion: This assessment has shown that the herbicides had no influence on pH, total organic carbon, nitrate but a negative one on bacterial and fungal populations with prolonged use. A modification in physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of soil could be used to predict the fertility and health status of soils.

Co-Oxidation Effects of Methanol on Reactive Orange 7 and Polyvinyl Alcohol in Supercritical Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Shu Zhong Wang ◽  
Yan Meng Gong ◽  
Yan Hui Li ◽  
Jia Ming Lu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Reactive Orange ◽  
Inhibition Reaction

Methanol acting as co-oxidation component was introduced in supercritical water oxidation experiments of Reactive Orange 7 and polyvinyl alcohol. Experiments were performed at 673K and 25MPa. The concentrations of Reactive Orange 7 and polyvinyl alcohol were constant at 5wt% and 1wt%, respectively, with increasing methanol concentrations. For the binary mixture of methanol/ Reactive Orange 7, the experiment results showed that the total nitrogen and total organic carbon removals in the mixture were higher than that in the absence of methanol, and as methanol concentration increased, the accelerating effect was more notable. For methanol/polyvinyl alcohol mixture experiment, at the oxidation coefficient of 2.0, the presence of methanol (0.2-1.5 wt%) accelerated the decomposition rates of polyvinyl alcohol and total organic carbon, while methanol addition showed negative effects at the oxidation coefficient of 1.05. The inhibition reaction was attributed to the increment in induction time of polyvinyl alcohol oxidation in the presence of methanol.

scholarly journals The Impact of Organic Matter on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Availability and Persistence in Soils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga ◽  
Bożena Smreczak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exhibit persistence in soils, and most of them are potentially mutagenic/carcinogenic and teratogenic for human beings but also influence the growth and development of soil organisms. The PAHs emitted into the atmosphere are ultimately deposited (by dry or wet deposition processes) onto the soil surface where they tend to accumulate. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the fate and transformation processes of PAHs, affecting their mobility, availability, and persistence. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the influence of SOM fractional diversification (fulvic acids—FA, humic acids—HA, and humins—HN) on PAH availability and persistence in soils. Twenty soil samples (n = 20) were collected from upper horizons (0–30 cm) of agricultural soils exposed to anthropogenic emissions from industrial and domestic sources. The assessment of PAH concentrations included the determination of medium-molecular-weight compounds from the US EPA list: fluoranthene—FLA, pyrene—PYR, benz(a)anthracene—BaA, and chrysene—CHR. The assessment was conducted using the GC-MS/MS technique. Three operationally defined fractions were investigated: total extractable PAHs (TE-PAHs) fraction, available/bioavailable PAHs (PB-PAHs) fraction, and nonavailable/residual PAHs (RE-PAHs) fraction, which was calculated as the difference between total and available PAHs. TE-PAHs were analyzed by dichloromethane extraction, while PB-PAHs were analyzed with a hydrophobic β-cyclodextrin solution. SOM was characterized by total organic carbon content (Turin method) and organic carbon of humic substances including FA, HA, HN (IHSS method). Concentrations of PAHs differed between soils from 193.5 to 3169.5 µg kg−1, 4.3 to 226.4 µg kg−1, and 148.6 to 3164.7 µg kg−1 for ∑4 TE-PAHs, ∑4 PB-PAHs, and ∑4 RE-PAHs, respectively. The ∑4 PB-PAHs fraction did not exceed 30% of ∑4 TE-PAHs. FLA was the most strongly bound in soil (highest content of RE-FLA), whereas PYR was the most available (highest content of PB-PYR). The soils were characterized by diversified total organic carbon (TOC) concentration (8.0–130.0 g kg−1) and individual SOM fractions (FA = 0.4–7.5 g kg−1, HA = 0.6–13.0 g kg−1, HN = 0.9–122.9 g kg−1). FA and HA as the labile fraction of SOM with short turnover time strongly positively influenced the potential ∑4 PAH availability (r = 0.56 and r = 0.52 for FA and HA, respectively). HN, which constitutes a stable fraction of organic matter with high hydrophobicity and poor degradability, was strongly correlated with ∑4 RE-PAHs (r = 0.75), affecting their persistence in soil.

Mechanical site preparation impacts on soil properties and vegetation communities in the Northwest Territories

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Bock ◽  
Ken CJ Van Rees
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium

Greater utilization of hardwood species and societal concerns over maintenance of ecological integrity have provided impetus for forest managers to consider alternative silvicultural practices in boreal mixedwood forests. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of five mechanical site preparation (MSP) treatments on soil properties and understory vegetation of mixedwood stands in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Soil and understory vegetation conditions in treatments (3 years post-MSP treatment) and adjacent uncut forest controls were sampled. Significant Shearblade – Grizz R-ex and Shearblade treatment soil property effects were consistently found. Increases in bulk density (307%) and decreases for total organic carbon (92%); total nitrogen (86%); cation exchange capacity (74%); and exchangeable calcium (72%), magnesium (67%), and potassium (75%) in the soil surface (0–12.8 cm) were observed. Increases in mineral soil pH (1.0 units), total organic carbon (94%), cation exchange capacity (20%), and exchangeable calcium (35%) and magnesium (56%) were also found. Dissimilarity of the understory community with that of the uncut forest increased as follows: uncut forest < harvested only < Meri–Crusher = Grizz R-ex < Shearblade – Meri-Crusher < Shearblade – Grizz R-ex < Shearblade. This research suggests that winter shearblading should be utilized only where it is necessary to achieve specific management objectives.

scholarly journals Changes in soil acidity and organic carbon in a sandy typic hapludalf after medium-term pig-slurry and deep-litter application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Djalma Eugênio Schmitt ◽  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Célito Pescador Mezzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Swine Waste ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Aluminum Saturation

Successive applications of liquid swine waste to the soil can increase the contents of total organic carbon and nutrients and change acidity-related soil chemical properties. However, little information is available on the effects of swine waste application in solid form, as of swine deep-litter. The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations of organic carbon and acidity-related properties of a soil after eight years of pig slurry and deep-litter application. In the eighth year of a field experiment established in Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina (SC) on a sandy Typic Hapludalf samples were taken (layers 0-2.5; 2.5-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20 and 20-30 cm) from unfertilized plots and plots with pig slurry or deep-litter applications, providing the simple or double rate of N requirement of Zea mays and Avena strigosa in rotation. Soil total organic carbon, water pH, exchangeable Al, Ca and Mg, and cation exchange capacity (CECeffective and CECpH7.0), H+Al, base saturation, and aluminum saturation were measured. The application of pig slurry and deep-litter for eight years increased total organic carbon and CEC in all soil layers. The pig slurry and deep-litter applications reduced active acidity and aluminum saturation and increased base saturation down to a depth of 30 cm. Eight years of pig slurry application did not affect soil acidity.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Copper and Nickel Contaminated Soil Using Eleusine indica on Soil Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
G. I. Ameh ◽  
E. J. Onuh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Eleusine Indica

The effects of Eleusine indica phytoremediation on the soil properties of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil samples were investigated using standard techniques. Soil sample and seeds of E. inidca were collected from a farmland in Obe, Nkanu West L.G.A of Enugu State. 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% potted treatments of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil were made for three samples (initial sample, sample without plant and sample with plant). The plant showed BAF and TF greater than 1. The Soil samples after the plant was harvested were subjected to soil analysis tests (Metal determination, pH, Soil moisture content, total organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity). The results from the study revealed that soil samples with plant showed a lower pH level within the range of 6.50 to 7.80 and higher percentage moisture content for both Cu and Ni contaminated soil samples, of which 1% treatment showed the highest percentage moisture of 0.679% for Cu contamination and 3.16% for Ni contamination. Heavy metal contamination of soil reduces its total organic carbon and increases its cation exchange capacity. Eleusine indica is a hyperaccumulator, its root stores more heavy metals and thus suitable for phytoremediation.

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