Influence of Rice Husk Biochar and Compost Amendments on Salt Contents and Hydraulic Properties of Soil and Rice Yield in Salt-Affected Fields

Soil salinity may damage crop production. Besides proper management of irrigation water, salinity reduction can be achieved through soil amendment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar and compost amendments on alleviation of salinity and rice growth. Field experiments were conducted at two salt-affected paddy rice fields located in distinct sites for five continuous crops. Treatments, with four replicates, consisted of continuous three rice crops per year (RRR), two rice crops rotated with fallow in spring–summer crop (FRR), FRR plus compost at 3 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + Comp), and biochar at 10 Mg ha−1 crop−1 (FRR + BC). Salt contents and hydraulic properties of soils, plant biomass, and plant uptake of cations were investigated. Soil bulk density (BD), exchangeable sodium (Na+), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were reduced remarkably by biochar application. Biochar application significantly increased other soil properties including total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soluble and exchangeable potassium (K+), K+/Na+ ratio, available P, and total C. Compost application also improved BD, total porosity, and available P, but not exchangeable Na+ and ESP. Total aboveground biomass of rice showed a trend of FRR + BC > FRR + Comp > FRR > RRR. Relatively higher K+ uptake and lower Na+ uptake in rice straw in FRR + BC resulted in a significant two times higher K+/Na+ ratio over other treatments. Our results highlight that biochar amendment is a beneficial option for reducing ESP and providing available K+ and P under salinity-affected P-deficient conditions, hence improving straw biomass.

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Respons Benih Kakao Terhadap Amelioran, Mikrob Pelarut Fosfat, dan Pupuk Fosfat pada Tanah Masam

Jurnal Tanaman Industri dan Penyegar ◽

10.21082/jtidp.v7n1.2020.p39-52 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Kurnia Dewi Sasmita ◽

Iswandi Anas ◽

Syaiful Anwar ◽

Sudirman Yahya ◽

Gunawan Djajakirana

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Phosphate Rock ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Available P ◽

Growing Media ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

<em>The growth of cacao in acid soils is commonly limited by some problems such as low available P and pH, and high Al saturation. Therefore, research is needed to solve the problem of coffee cultivation in acid soil. This study aimed to determine the effect of ameliorant, phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM), and phosphate fertilizers (P) on the growth and nutrient uptake of cacao seedlings, and some acid soil properties. The study used a randomized block design with 3 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was ameliorant applications (without ameliorant, 10% organic fertilizer, 4% rice husk biochar, 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer). The second factor was PSM applications: without PSM, Burkholderia ambifaria (BPF) inoculants, and Aspergillus niger (FPF) inoculants. The third factor was P fertilizers applications (without Phosphate Rock (PR), 100, 200, and 400 mg P/kg of PR, and 400 mg P/kg of SP-36). The results showed that the applications of 4% rice husk biochar + 10% organic fertilizer + BPF or FPF inoculants increase the number of leaves by 77.9% and 69.2%, respectively, and increase the dry weight of shoot by 93.6 % and 101.9%, respectively. Phosphate rock application in media without organic fertilizer increases dry weight of shoots and roots of cacao seedlings, and the uptake of P, Ca, and Mg in shoots linearly in line with the increase of PR dose to 400 mg P/kg. Application of rice husk biochar significantly increased the acid phosphatase activity of growing media. Meanwhile, organic fertilizer increased the soil pH, acid phosphatase and available P activity, and decreased Al-dd growing media.</em>

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PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCHAR SEKAM PADI DAN KOMPOS TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN SERAPAN FOSFOR TANAMAN JAGUNG PADA ULTISOL

Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan ◽

10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 385-394

Author(s):

Diva Ariella Herhandini ◽

Retno Suntari ◽

Ania Citraresmini

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

P Uptake ◽

Soil Chemical Properties ◽

Available P ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

Rice husk biochar and compost application are expected to improve soil chemical properties such as pH, organic carbon, and available P in Ultisol, which in turn improves crop growth and P uptake by plants. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of the combination of rice husk biochar and compost on the soil chemical properties (pH, organic carbon, and available P), maize growth, and P uptake by maize in an Ultisol. The research used a Randomized Block Design with six treatments (P0: control; P1: 4 t biochar ha-1; P2: 30 t compost ha-1; P3: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P4: 8 t biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1; P5: 4 t biochar ha-1 and 60 t compost ha-1) and four replications. The result showed that the combination of 8 t rice husk biochar ha-1 and 30 t compost ha-1 showed a significant effect on increasing pH, organic carbon, and available P in an Ultisol, increasing the height of maize crops at 4 and 6 WAP (weeks after planting). However, it had no effect on the number of leaves and showed an effect on the increase in P uptake of maize crop.

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The questions of methodology of field experiments in agriculture and crop production

Interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Agriculture" ◽

10.31073/zem.94.38-44 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (94) ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

А.M. Malienkо ◽

N.E. Borуs ◽

N.G. Buslaeva

Keyword(s):

Labor Productivity ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Experimental Plot ◽

Increase Labor Productivity ◽

Biometric Parameters ◽

Field Crops ◽

High Condition

In the article, the results of research on the methodology for conducting studies with corn culture under various methods of sowing and weather conditions. The aim of the research was to establish and evaluate the reliability and high accuracy of the experiment, with a decrease in the area's acreage and taking one plant per repetition. Based on the results of the analysis of biometric parameters and yields, the possibility of sampling from 5 to 108 plants was established statistically and mathematically to establish the accuracy of the experiment. The established parameters of sites in experiments with maize indicate the possibility of obtaining much more information from a smaller unit of area, that is, to increase labor productivity not only with tilled crops. This is the goal of further scientific research with other field crops taking 1 plant of repetitions, observing the conditions of leveling the experimental plot according to the fertility of the soil and sowing seeds with high condition. The data obtained give grounds for continuing research on the minimum space required and the sample in the experiments.

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An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application

Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daljit Singh KARAM ◽

Prakash NAGABOVANALLI ◽

Keeren Sundara RAJOO ◽

Che Fauziah ISHAK ◽

Arifin ABDU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

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Crop Response to Leaf and Seed Applications of the Biostimulant ComCat® under Stress Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1161

Author(s):

Roland Gerhards ◽

Fructueuse N. Ouidoh ◽

André Adjogboto ◽

Vodéa Armand Pascal Avohou ◽

Berteulot Latus Sètondji Dossounon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Nutrient Deficiency ◽

Natural Compounds ◽

Application Rate ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Block Designs ◽

Crop Response ◽

Yield Data

Although clear evidence for benefits in crop production is partly missing, several natural compounds and microorganisms have been introduced to the market as biostimulants. They are supposed to enhance nutrient efficiency and availability in the rhizosphere, reduce abiotic stress, and improve crop quality parameters. Biostimulants often derive from natural compounds, such as microorganisms, algae, and plant extracts. In this study, the commercial plant extract-based biostimulant ComCat® was tested in two field experiments with maize in the communities of Banikoara and Matéri in Northern Benin and six pot experiments (four with maize and two with winter barley) at the University of Hohenheim in Germany. Maize was grown under nutrient deficiency, drought, and weed competition, and winter barley was stressed by the herbicide Luximo (cinmethylin). ComCat® was applied at half, full, and double the recommended field rate (50, 100, and 200 g ha−1) on the stressed and unstressed control plants as leaf or seed treatment. The experiments were conducted in randomized complete block designs with four replications. The above-ground biomass and yield data of one experiment in Benin were collected. The biostimulant did not promote maize and winter barley biomass production of the unstressed plants. When exposed to stress, ComCat@ resulted only in one out of eight experiments in higher barley biomass compared to the stressed treatment without ComCat® application. There was a reduced phytotoxic effect of cinmethylin after seed treatment with ComCat®. Crop response to ComCat® was independent of the application rate. Basic and applied studies are needed to investigate the response of crops to biostimulants and their mechanisms of action in the plants before they should be used in practical farming.

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Influencing factors on sorption of TNT and RDX using rice husk biochar

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.jiec.2015.08.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 178-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lakshmi Prasanna Lingamdinne ◽

Hoon Roh ◽

Yu-Lim Choi ◽

Janardhan Reddy Koduru ◽

Jae-Kyu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Biochar

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The interaction of seasonal rainfall and nitrogen fertiliser rate on soil N2O emission, total N loss and crop yield of dryland sorghum and sunflower grown on sub-tropical Vertosols

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr15286 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 604 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

G. D. Schwenke ◽

B. M. Haigh

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Experiments ◽

N2o Emission ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

N Loss ◽

N Losses ◽

Total N ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

The Impact

Summer crop production on slow-draining Vertosols in a sub-tropical climate has the potential for large emissions of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) from denitrification of applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser. While it is well established that applying N fertiliser will increase N2O emissions above background levels, previous research in temperate climates has shown that increasing N fertiliser rates can increase N2O emissions linearly, exponentially or not at all. Little such data exists for summer cropping in sub-tropical regions. In four field experiments at two locations across two summers, we assessed the impact of increasing N fertiliser rate on both soil N2O emissions and crop yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Vertosols of sub-tropical Australia. Rates of N fertiliser, applied as urea at sowing, included a nil application, an optimum N rate and a double-optimum rate. Daily N2O fluxes ranged from –3.8 to 2734g N2O-Nha–1day–1 and cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 96 to 6659g N2O-Nha–1 during crop growth. Emissions of N2O increased with increased N fertiliser rates at all experimental sites, but the rate of N loss was five times greater in wetter-than-average seasons than in drier conditions. For two of the four experiments, periods of intense rainfall resulted in N2O emission factors (EF, percent of applied N emitted) in the range of 1.2–3.2%. In contrast, the EFs for the two drier experiments were 0.41–0.56% with no effect of N fertiliser rate. Additional 15N mini-plots aimed to determine whether N fertiliser rate affected total N lost from the soil–plant system between sowing and harvest. Total 15N unaccounted was in the range of 28–45% of applied N and was presumed to be emitted as N2O+N2. At the drier site, the ratio of N2 (estimated by difference)to N2O (measured) lost was a constant 43%, whereas the ratio declined from 29% to 12% with increased N fertiliser rate for the wetter experiment. Choosing an N fertiliser rate aimed at optimum crop production mitigates potentially high environmental (N2O) and agronomic (N2+N2O) gaseous N losses from over-application, particularly in seasons with high intensity rainfall occurring soon after fertiliser application.

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Acrolein Reduces Biomass and Seed Production of Potamogeton pectinatus in Irrigation Channels

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-101r1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 605-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Diego J. Bentivegna ◽

Osvaldo A. Fernández ◽

María A. Burgos

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Irrigation District ◽

Potamogeton Pectinatus ◽

Individual Plant ◽

Plant Weight ◽

The Third ◽

Irrigation Channels

Chemical weed control with acrolein has been shown to be a lower cost method for reducing submerged plant biomass of sago pondweed in the irrigation district of the Lower Valley of Rio Colorado, Argentina (39°10′S–62°05′W). However, no experimental data exist on the effects of the herbicide on plant growth and its survival structures. Field experiments were conducted during 3 yr to evaluate the effect of acrolein on growth and biomass of sago pondweed and on the source of underground propagules (i.e., rhizomes, tubers, and seeds). Plant biomass samples were collected in irrigation channels before and after several herbicide treatments. The underground propagule bank was evaluated at the end of the third year. Within each treatment, plant biomass was significantly reduced by 40 to 60% in all three study years. Rapid new plant growth occurred after each application; however, it was less vigorous after repeated treatments. At the end of the third year at 3,000 m downstream from the application point, plant biomass at both channels ranged from 34 to 3% of control values. Individual plant weight and height were affected by acrolein treatments, flowering was poor, and seeds did not reach maturity. After 3 yr, acrolein did not reduce the number of tubers. However, they were significantly smaller and lighter. Rhizomes fresh weight decreased by 92%, and seed numbers decreased by 79%. After 3 yr of applications, operational functioning of the channels could be maintained with fewer treatments and lower concentrations of acrolein.

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