scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Yield of Peel and Composition of Essential Oils from Citrus Cultivated in Bahia (Brazil) and Corsica (France)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
François Luro ◽  
Claudia Garcia Neves ◽  
Gilles Costantino ◽  
Abelmon da Silva Gesteira ◽  
Mathieu Paoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Single Sequence Repeat ◽  
Insertion And Deletion ◽  
Fruit Pericarp ◽  
Single Sequence ◽  
Different Climates

The cosmetic and fragrance industry largely exploits citrus essential oils (EOs) because of their aromatic properties. EO compositions are complex and differ between fruit pericarp (PEO) and leaf (LEO). Citrus fruit grow in many countries under very different climates. Seventeen citrus cultivars were selected and their similarities between the two collections were verified by SSR (Single Sequence Repeat) and InDel (Insertion and Deletion) markers to assess the effects of the environment and cultivation practices on the EO yield and composition. LEOs and PEOs were extracted by water distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. PEO yields were generally higher in Corsica than in Bahia, especially in the citron family. PEOs in this family were richer in limonene in Bahia than in Corsica while, conversely, neral, geranial and derivatives were present in a higher proportion in Corsican varieties. A few minor components were site-specific, such as nookaton, a pummelo-specific compound that was not present in grapefruit cultivated in Bahia. If climate change over the last 20 years has not affected the PEO composition in Corsica, the contrasted environmental conditions and cultural practices between Bahia and Corsica could possibly explain the EO variations.

scholarly journals Variability in chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. from mountainous regions of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansureh Ghavam ◽  
Afsaneh Afzali ◽  
Maria Manconi ◽  
Gianluigi Bacchetta ◽  
Maria Letizia Manca
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Aspergillus Brasiliensis ◽  
Suitable Area

Abstract Background Essential oil of Rosa × damascena Herrm. is one of the most valuable and important raw materials for the flavor and fragrance industry. The cultivation of this plant has ancient origins, and Kashan was one of the first mountainous regions of Iran dealing with the cultivation of R. × damascena. In this study, both chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of different rose essential oils obtained from five mountainous areas of Kashan region (Maragh, Qamsar, Sadeh, Javinan, and Kamoo) has been investigated along with the influence of the environmental conditions on these properties. Results Results showed that yield and chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Rosa × damascena were significantly affected by the collection area. In particular, the yield of oils varied from ~0.08 to ~0.132% and citronellol (36.70-9.18%), geraniol (12.82-0.47%), nonadecane (22.73-10.36%), heneicosane (31.7-11.43%), and 1-nonadecene (6.03-3.93%) have been detected as main compounds in all the plants collected, but at different concentrations depending on the collection area. The best fragrance and the highest yield were found in the oil from Kamoo area. Similarly to the chemical composition, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was affected by their origin, and essential oil obtained from plants collected from Kamoo area disclosed the highest antibacterial and antifungal efficacy. Its inhibition halos were 17.33±0.58 mm against Aspergillus brasiliensis, 15.67±0.58 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, and 12.33±0. 58 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes. Essential oils of R. damascena were also effective against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and they had a MIC value of 62.50 μg/mL irrespective of the collection area (except the oil from Javinan area). On the contrary, the highest antifungal power against Candida albicans yeast was reached using the essential oil obtained from plants collected in Javinan region (MIC and MBC ~62.50 μg/mL). Conclusions Overall results underline the influence of environmental conditions of the different areas of Kashan region, on the chemical composition of and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Rosa × damascena. In addition, results disclosed that Kamoo seemed to be the most suitable area for the competitive cultivation of R. × damascena to the intensive production of aromatic flower oil and natural antimicrobial essential oils.

scholarly journals Long and short revolutions towards the Neolithic in western Anatolia and Aegean

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Barbara Horejs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
Similarities And Differences

This paper provides an overview of our current knowledge about the transformation towards the Neolithic in western Anatolia and the Aegean, and offers a narrative for their interpretation. Within the longue durée perspective of the long revolution in the Near East, the first millennia of the Holocene of the Aegean and western Anatolia are contrasted with each other. Economic strategies, environmental conditions, technologies, raw material procurement and cultural practices in the Aegean Mesolithic and the Pre-Neolithic times in western Anatolia are analysed to classify potential similarities and differences. The evidence of new cultural and symbolic practices, eco-nomies, and technologies in the seventh millennium is discussed as the paradox of a short revolu-tion embedded in a long-term process of interaction, knowledge-transfer and adaptation, setting the scene for the Neolithic pioneers establishing a new social life.

scholarly journals Profiling of Essential Oils Components and Polyphenols for Their Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Grown in Different Environmental Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Maria Mikallou ◽  
Spyridon Petropoulos ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Antioxidant Power

In the present study, the yield, the chemical composition, and the antioxidant activities of the essential oils (EOs) of eight medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) cultivated under two environmental conditions characterized by a different altitude (namely mountainous and plain) were evaluated. Cultivation at different environmental conditions resulted in significant differences in the chemical composition and antioxidant activity for most of the studied species. In particular, high altitudes resulted in increased phenolic compounds’ content and antioxidant activity for artemisia plants, while specific parameters increased in the case of spearmint (total phenols) and rosemary (flavonoids). In contrast, in pelargonium, all the tested parameters were positively affected in the plain area, whereas, for laurel and sage, only flavanols remained unaffected. EO yield in mountainous pelargonium and spearmint decreased while, in mountainous laurel, pelargonium and spearmint increased when compared to plain areas. In addition, the major EO constituents’ content for most of the species were affected by environmental conditions. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were variably correlated with total phenols, flavonoids, and flavanols, depending on the species and the altitude. Lastly, in limited cases, antioxidant activity (DPPH or FRAP values) was positively correlated with some EO components (e.g., borneol and β-pinene in artemisia and laurel plants grown in the plain, respectively, or 1,8-cineole in mountainous grown verbena plants). In conclusion, environmental conditions (altitude) affected antioxidants’ content and EO yield and composition of the studied MAPs. These findings can be used to introduce cultivation of MAPs in specific ecosystems for the production of high added value products.

Chemical composition of commercial citrus fruit essential oils and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity acting alone or in combined processes

Food Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Espina ◽  
María Somolinos ◽  
Susana Lorán ◽  
Pilar Conchello ◽  
Diego García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Combined Processes

scholarly journals Influence of dietary supplementation with a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. as a means of prevention against invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 694-697
Author(s):  
Wiktor Bojar ◽  
Tomasz M. Gruszecki ◽  
Andrzej Junkuszew ◽  
Paulina Dudko ◽  
Monika Greguła-Kania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Management System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Citrus Spp

The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare (Lamiacea) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) in limiting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic invasions in ewes kept in an indoor management system. The study material was a group of 222 mother ewes of Polish Lowland breed. During the entire experiment, the animals were kept in an indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. On the basis of the parasitologic analysis, the flock was divided into three groups. All groups were uniform from the perspective of genetic traits, age and environmental conditions. The differentiating factor was the addition of a preparation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. in the dose of 4 kg/ton of feed. Group 1 – control group, non-supplemented diet (74 mother ewes); Group 2 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to lambing (73 mother ewes); Group 3 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to weaning (75 mother ewes). The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of prevalence and intensity of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum of mother ewes before the start of the experiment and on day 2, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after lambing. On the basis of the observations, it was shown that continuous use of the preparation during the whole experimental period had a beneficial impact on reducing the prevalence of invasions of Eimeria spp. and Capillaria. However, it must be stressed that both the prevalence and the intensity of parasitic invasions in the studied flock was relatively low, and so the use of such a preventive method was feasible.

scholarly journals Environmental Influences on Essential Oils in Roots of Anemopsis californica

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1578-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Medina-Holguín ◽  
Sandra Micheletto ◽  
F. Omar Holguín ◽  
Jaime Rodriguez ◽  
Mary A. O'Connell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Anemopsis Californica ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Different Populations

The climate conditions and chemical composition of root essential oils for 17 populations of Anemopsis californica in New Mexico were examined. The objective of this study was to observe the effect of environmental conditions and management conditions on essential oil composition in different populations of A. californica. Chemical concentrations of three abundant compounds—methyleugenol, thymol, and piperitone—were determined. Maximum accumulations of each compound were associated with different mean annual temperatures, precipitation, and elevation. Similar chemical profiles were detected in root samples recollected for four populations, suggesting retention of unique chemical profiles in different populations. Vegetative propagation of wild plants under cultivated conditions did not significantly alter the chemical profile of the root essential oil. The chemical concentrations for six essential oil components of A. californica roots were determined under field conditions with varying irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer regimens. The concentration of only two compounds, thymol and piperitone, was increased by increasing irrigation. The concentration of all other compounds, methyeugenol, elemicin, 1,8-cineole, and myrtenol, were independent of the irrigation rates and N fertilizer rates used in the study. These results suggest that the chemical variability observed among different populations of A. californica is primarily genetically controlled and the environmental conditions in New Mexico are conducive to the production of this medicinal plant as a high-value crop.

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