scholarly journals Soil-Mediated Effects on Weed-Crop Competition: Elucidating the Role of Annual and Perennial Intercrop Diversity Legacies

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373
Author(s):  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
K. Ann Bybee-Finley ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Crop Competition

Crop diversity may mediate the intensity of weed-crop competition by altering soil nutrient availability and plant-soil microbe interactions. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to analyze weed-crop competition in soils with varying crop diversity legacies. Soil greenhouse treatments included field soils (i.e., soil nutrient and microbial legacies), a sterile greenhouse potting mix inoculated with microorganisms of the field soils (i.e., microbial legacies), and a sterile greenhouse potting mix. Soils for the greenhouse experiment were sampled and assessed after two-years of conditioning with annual and perennial cropping systems under four levels of intercrop diversity. The greenhouse experiment involved growing one sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. sudanese Piper) crop plant and zero to six common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) weed plants in soil from each diversity and cropping system treatment. The weed density treatments created a weed-crop competition gradient, which was used to quantify legacy effects of crop diversity. Weed-crop competition increased with crop diversity in both the field soil and inoculated soil treatments in the annual system. In the perennial system, differences in weed-crop competition intensity were driven by crop yield potential. In the perennial field soil treatment, crop yield potential was greatest in the highest diversity treatment, whereas in the perennial inoculated soil treatment, crop yield potential was greatest in the lowest diversity treatment. Results show potential for negative effects from previous crop diversity on weed-crop competition, and the divergent impact of microbial and nutrient legacies on crop yield potential. Future research should aim to evaluate the consistency of legacy effects and identify principles that can guide soil and crop management, especially in conservation agriculture where soil tillage and its microbial legacy reducing effects are minimized.

CORRELATION BETWEEN BACTERIAL NUMBERS AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN A FIELD SOIL

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
R. H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Plate Method

Bacterial numbers, estimated by the plate method, and carbon dioxide were significantly correlated (r = 0.50–0.69) in field soil during 1955, in an experiment designed to test the effects of straw and crop residues on soil conditions. Differences in moisture, temperature, and soil treatment did not interfere with the correlation.

Quality and Crop Yield Potential of Moderately Degraded Alfisols Under Different Nutrient Inputs and Cropping Patterns

Pedosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiqar AHMAD ◽  
Farmanullah KHAN ◽  
Zahir SHAH ◽  
Muhammad Jamal KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Cropping Patterns

Biodegradation Rate of Chloroethylene in Soil Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yagi ◽  
H. Uchiyama ◽  
K. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Biodegradation Rate ◽  
Vegetable Field ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Degradation Time

Degradation rates of PCE and TCE were determined in lotus, rice and vegetable field soils. The lotus field soil had the highest ability to degrade tetrachloroethylene(PCE) and trichloroethylene(TCE). The values of T50(50% degradation time) in L-1 lotus soil were 8 and 15 days for PCE and TCE under the substrate concentration of 5 µg in 50ml of soil solution. PCE was biologically transformed to TCE in all soils. The material balance of PCE depletion and TCE production were determined. The degradation rates of PCE and TCE were significantly influenced by temperature and substrate concentration.

scholarly journals Direct Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Detection of Cercospora beticola in Field Soils

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Lartey ◽  
T. C. Caesar-TonThat ◽  
A. W. Lenssen ◽  
J. Eckhoff ◽  
S. L. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Cercospora beticola, the causal agent of Cercospora leaf spot of sugar beet, survives as pseudostromata in infected sugar beet residues in the soil. Under optimal conditions, overwintering propagules germinate and produce conidia that are dispersed as primary inoculum to initiate infection in sugar beet. We developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for rapid detection of C. beticola in field soils. Total DNA was first isolated from soil amended with C. beticola culture using the PowerSoil DNA Kit. The purified DNA was subjected to PCR in Extract-N-Amp PCR mix with CBACTIN primers over 35 cycles. The amplified products were resolved and compared by electrophoresis in 1% agarose gels. The PCR fragment size of C. beticola from the amended field soil correlated in size with the amplicon from control C. beticola culture DNA extract. Additionally, sample soils were collected from sugar beet fields near Sidney, MT and Foxholm, ND. Total DNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to PCR and resolved as previously described. The amplicons were purified from the gels and subjected to BigDye Terminator Cycle sequencing. All sequences from field soils samples, C. beticola-amended field soil, and pure culture were compared by alignment with a C. beticola actin gene sequence from GenBank. The result of the alignment confirmed the amplicons as products from C. beticola. Rapid screening for the presence of C. beticola in the soil by PCR will improve research capabilities in biological control, disease forecasting, and management of this very important sugar beet pathogen.

scholarly journals Cover crop diversity for weed suppression and crop yield in a corn–soybean production system in Tennessee

age ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Sabbagh ◽  
Sindhu Jagadamma ◽  
Lori A. Duncan ◽  
Forbes R. Walker ◽  
Jaehoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Production System ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Diversity ◽  
Soybean Production

scholarly journals Efficacy of Indigenously Prepared Sugarcane and Pineapple Wine Solvents for Washing Highly Dioxin-Contaminated Field Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Vu ◽  
Huu Tran ◽  
Acharee Kaewlaoyoong ◽  
Wen-Yen Huang ◽  
Chitsan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Washing ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Monitored Natural Attenuation ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
By Products ◽  
Contaminated Field

Poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and poly-chlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) negatively affect human health and are often found as unwanted by-products of chemical handling and manufacture procedures. While commercial solvents have been used to remove dioxins from contaminated soil, these solvents themselves may adversely affect soil health. In this study, we examined the effects of washing highly PCDD/F contaminated field-soil with two natural solvents (sugarcane and pineapple wine) under ambient temperature. Performing an initial three-washing-cycle experiment, we found that sugarcane wine more effectively removed the contaminants than pineapple wine (removal, 60% vs. 50%) and chose it to perform a six-washing-cycle experiment facilitated by mechanical stirring and ultrasonication. Sugarcane wine was found to have a high removal efficiency (almost 80%), largely due to its higher alcohol and acid content. We believe that both wines can be used in soil remediation tasks without further damage to soil health. This is the first study employing naturally made wines as soil washing solvents in treating highly PCDD/F contaminated field soil. After soil washing processes, the winery solvents are believed to be beneficial to (if necessary) bioremediation methods and/or monitored natural attenuation.

scholarly journals Relationship between Grain Crop Yield Potential and Nitrogen Response

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Arnall ◽  
A. P. Mallarino ◽  
M. D. Ruark ◽  
G. E. Varvel ◽  
J. B. Solie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Grain Crop

Measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity using twin rings

Soil Research ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Scotter ◽  
BE Clothier ◽  
ER Harper
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Field Soils

A method of measuring, with minimal soil disturbance, the saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity of field soil is presented and discussed. It involves measuring the steady-state infiltration of ponded water from two rings, of different radii, that have been lightly pressed into the soil surface. The method is based on Wooding's solution for steady infiltration from a shallow, circular pond. Criteria for selecting ring radii are discussed. Results for three field soils are found to give consistent values for the conductivity and sorptivity.

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