scholarly journals Resistance to Anthracnose (Colletotrichum lentis, Race 0) in Lens spp. Germplasm

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Eleonora Barilli ◽  
Juan Moral ◽  
Thaïs Aznar-Fernández ◽  
Diego Rubiales
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Stem Damage ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Stem Lesions

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lentis, is a severe disease of lentil (Lens culinaris) causing premature defoliation, necrotic stem lesions that lead to plant wilting and death in susceptible varieties. Two races of C. lentis (0 and 1) have been described so far. Race 0 is the most virulent one and limited genetic resistance is available to date. To address this scarcity of resistance, we screened a germplasm collection covering different Lens spp. originating from different countries for C. lentis race 0 resistance. Leaf and stem damage and plant mortality were assessed on seedlings inoculated under controlled conditions. A significant variability was observed among accession. Most of the collection studied was highly susceptible, but some levels of resistance were identified in about 15% of the accessions. The highest levels of resistance were identified in L. ervoides accessions PI572330, PI572334 and PI572338. Moderate resistance was also identified in 10 L. culinaris ssp. culinaris accessions but not in the remaining species studied. Selected accessions showed potential to integrate several breeding programs.

scholarly journals Reaction of a Bean Germplasm Collection Against Five Races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Identified in Northern Spain and Implications for Breeding

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan José Ferreira ◽  
Ana Campa ◽  
Elena Pérez-Vega ◽  
Ramón Giraldez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Pathogenic Variability ◽  
Seed Phenotype

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the most serious diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The pathogenic variability of this fungus in northern Spain and the response of a bean germplasm collection maintained at Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain) were screened in order to identify potential resistance sources. Races 3, 6, 19, 38, and 102 were identified from 55 isolates collected in this area, race 38 being the most common one. In all, 246 landraces and 42 lines derived from breeding programs were evaluated in search of resistant lines. No local accession showed adequate resistance to the five races. However, three local accessions were resistant to four races and presented intermediate or mixed reactions against the fifth one: accession V225, with a large great northern seed phenotype (R3R6I38R102R19); accession V369, with a great northern seed phenotype (R3R6R38R102R/S19); and accession V309, with a navy seed phenotype (R3R6R38R/S102R19). The results revealed a wide variation in the resistance spectra or resistance combinations, although not all the possible resistance spectra were present in the evaluated accessions. Among the breeding lines, nine materials were resistant to five races and three lines (A252, A321, and A493) were selected as resistance sources to transfer genetic resistance to Andecha bean cultivar. The results indicated that lines A252 and A321 have two dominant and independent genes involved in the resistance to race 38 whereas line A493 has a single locus.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and population structure of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula) accessions in a Thailand collection using SNP markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimar Abdiel Perez ◽  
Pumipat Tongyoo ◽  
Julapark Chunwongse ◽  
Hans de Jong ◽  
Anucha Wongpraneekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Luffa Acutangula ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored a germplasm collection consisting of 112 Luffa acutangula (ridge gourd) accessions, mainly from Thailand. A total of 2834 SNPs were used to establish population structure and underlying genetic diversity while exploring the fruit characteristics together with genetic information which would help in the selection of parental lines for a breeding program. The study found that the average polymorphism information content value of 0.288 which indicates a moderate genetic diversity for this L. acutangula germplasm. STRUCTURE analysis (ΔK at K = 6) allowed us to group the accessions into six subpopulations that corresponded well with the unrooted phylogenetic tree and principal coordinate analyses. When plotted, the STRUCTURE bars to the area of collection, we observed an admixed genotype from surrounding accessions and a geneflow confirmed by the value of FST = 0.137. AMOVA based on STRUCTURE clustering showed a low 12.83% variation between subpopulations that correspond well with the negative inbreeding coefficient value (FIS =  − 0.092) and low total fixation index (FIT = 0.057). There were distinguishing fruit shapes and length characteristics in specific accessions for each subpopulation. The genetic diversity and different fruit shapes in the L. acutangula germplasm could benefit the ridge gourd breeding programs to meet the demands and needs of consumers, farmers, and vegetable exporters such as increasing the yield of fruit by the fruit width but not by the fruit length to solve the problem of fruit breakage during exportation.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry-Based Determination of Ploidy from Dried Leaf Specimens in Genomically Complex Collections of the Tropical Forage Grass Urochloa s. l.

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Paulina Tomaszewska ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Luis M. Hernández ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell ◽  
Valheria Castiblanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Robust Identification ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Relative Differences

Urochloa (including Brachiaria, Megathyrus and some Panicum) tropical grasses are native to Africa and are now, after selection and breeding, planted worldwide, particularly in South America, as important forages with huge potential for further sustainable improvement and conservation of grasslands. We aimed to develop an optimized approach to determine ploidy of germplasm collection of this tropical forage grass group using dried leaf material, including approaches to collect, dry and preserve plant samples for flow cytometry analysis. Our methods enable robust identification of ploidy levels (coefficient of variation of G0/G1 peaks, CV, typically <5%). Ploidy of some 348 forage grass accessions (ploidy range from 2x to 9x), from international genetic resource collections, showing variation in basic chromosome numbers and reproduction modes (apomixis and sexual), were determined using our defined standard protocol. Two major Urochloa agamic complexes are used in the current breeding programs at CIAT and EMBRAPA: the ’brizantha’ and ’humidicola’ agamic complexes are variable, with multiple ploidy levels. Some U. brizantha accessions have odd level of ploidy (5x), and the relative differences in fluorescence values of the peak positions between adjacent cytotypes is reduced, thus more precise examination of this species is required. Ploidy measurement of U. humidicola revealed aneuploidy.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of table grape based on morphoagronomic traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The conservation and characterization of grape (Vitis spp) genetic resources in germplasm banks have been the basis of its use in breeding programs that result in development of new cultivars. There are at least 10,000 grape cultivars kept in germplasm collection. The genetic diversity in 136 table grape accessions from the state of Bahia, Brazil, was evaluated. Continuous and discrete morphoagronomic traits were assessed. The clustering analysis by the Tocher otimization method resulted in 30 clusters (considering continuous morphoagronomic traits), and 9 clusters (taking into consideration multicategorical traits). There was no agreement between clusters obtained by both, continuous or discrete phenotypic descriptors, independent of the cluster method analysis used. A satisfactory genetic variability among the table grape accessions was observed.

Associations of SRAP markers with dried-shrink disease resistance in a germplasm collection of sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.)

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Li ◽  
Cheng-Jiang Ruan ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Bao-Quan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Linkage Maps ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Srap Markers ◽  
Hippophae Salicifolia ◽  
Pioneer Plant

Sea buckthorn ( Hippophae L.) is a woody, outcrossing dioecious pioneer plant, being widely planted as a new berry crop with rich nutritional and medicinal compounds. This long-juvenile and long-lived woody plant can be more difficult to cultivate than other crop plants. Dried-shrink disease (DSD) is a dangerous pathogen that destroys sea buckthorn and halts commercial production. We estimated variability of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers in 77 accessions of 22 sea buckthorn cultivars to seek markers associated with DSD resistance and help to identify potential breeding cultivars. Seventeen SRAP primer combinations generated 289 bands, with a mean of 17 bands per primer combination. At a Dice coefficient of 0.852, the dendrogram generated with 191 polymorphic bands clustered 73 accessions of Hippophae rhamnoides into 2 groups and 4 accessions of Hippophae salicifolia into 1 group. Eleven SRAP markers (Me1-Em3600, Me1-Em1680, Me2-Em1650, Me2-Em1950, Me3-Em61300, Me2-Em6320, Me2-Em6400, Me1-Em2600, Me1-Em11200, Me1-Em11700, Me2-Em2250) were significantly correlated with DSD resistance (P < 0.001). These markers provide a viable option for breeding programs that select lineages with DSD resistance, especially when no other genetic information, such as linkage maps and quantitative trait loci, are available.

Molecular Markers for Powdery Mildew in Pea (Pisum sativum L.): A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginah Pheirim ◽  
Noren Singh Konjengbam ◽  
Mayurakshee Mahanta
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Mapping Populations

Powdery mildew is caused by an obligate parasite Erysiphe pisi and considered as one of the most important constraints causing yield reductions in pea. Development and utilization of genetic resistance is acknowledged as the most effective, economic and environmental friendly method of control. Therefore, development of cultivars with improved resistance to biotic stresses is a primary goal of plant breeding programs throughout the world. Three monogenic sources er1, er2 and Er3 have been described to govern the powdery mildew disease resistance. Several markers have been reported linked to resistant genes at varying distances in different mapping populations. Genetic markers linked to the disease resistance gene make the breeding process more efficient for the use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) strategy to aid in obtaining a complete powdery mildew resistance in pea.

scholarly journals Identification of disease resistance-linked alleles in Vitis vinifera germplasm

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Maria Lucia Prazzoli ◽  
Silvia Lorenzi ◽  
Michele Perazzolli ◽  
Silvia Toffolatti ◽  
Osvaldo Failla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Group Pattern ◽  
Grape Breeding

Introgression of genetic resistance to fungal diseases from American and Asian Vitis species traditionally pursued in grape breeding programs, although facilitated by molecular tools, has an impact on wine quality that still slows down development of competitive varieties. A contribution to the genetic improvement of grapevines for resistance to pathogens may come from unexplored genetic resources of the Eurasian Vitis vinifera L. In the present study, a hundred grapevine accessions from Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan were genotyped with SSR markers linked to QTLs for resistance to downy and powdery mildew, and with 21 SSR markers widely used for genetic diversity and relationship analysis. Looking at population genetic structure, Armenian and Azerbaijani accessions fell within the same cluster and were included among the Central Asian grape varieties of a homogeneous dataset, while Georgian accessions formed a separate group. Pattern of SSR alleles flanking the locus Ren1 and associated with resistance to Erysiphe necator in 'Kishmish vatkana', 'Dzhandzhal kara' and other Central Asian cultivars were found in three varieties from the Azerbaijani population that reached very high scores when assessed for PM resistance.

scholarly journals Assessing the durability, stability, and usability of genetic resistance to a non‐native fungal pathogen in two pine species

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
Jeremy S. Johnson ◽  
Douglas P. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Pine Species

scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Local and Imported Germplasm Chicken Populations as Revealed by Analyzing Runs of Homozygosity

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Dementieva ◽  
Andrei A. Kudinov ◽  
Tatiana A. Larkina ◽  
Olga V. Mitrofanova ◽  
Artyom P. Dysin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genome Wide Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Preserving breed uniqueness and purity is vitally important in developing conservation/breeding programs for a germplasm collection of rare and endangered chicken breeds. The present study was aimed at analyzing SNP genetic variability of 21 small local and imported purebred and F1 crossbred populations and identifying crossbreeding events via whole-genome evaluation of runs of homozygosity (ROH). The admixture models more efficiently reflected population structure, pinpointing crossbreeding events in the presence of ancestral populations but not in their absence. Multidimensional scaling and FST-based analyses did not discriminate properly between purebred populations and F1 crossbreds, especially when comparing related breeds. When applying the ROH-based approach, more and longer ROHs were revealed in purebred individuals/populations, suggesting this as an effective implement in genome-wide analysis of germplasm breed purity.

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