scholarly journals Winter Wheat and Spring Barley Canopies under Strip-Till One-Pass Technology

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Iwona Jaskulska ◽  
Dariusz Jaskulski
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Modern agriculture promotes non-inversion, ploughless tillage systems, and simplified plant cultivation methods. Environmentally friendly plant production technologies must nevertheless guarantee high yields of good quality. In the years 2017/18–2019/20, studies were carried out in which it was assumed that these conditions could be met by strip soil tillage with simultaneous application of fertilisers and paired-row sowing (strip-till one-pass (ST-OP). Two field experiments were conducted to compare two cereal cultivation technologies: ploughless, non-inversion tillage, seedbed preparation, entire-surface fertilisation, and narrowly spaced row sowing (PL-ES); and ST-OP, with two narrow spaced rows (12 cm apart) in a strip of tilled (paired-row sowing), fertilised soil, and a 24.4-cm-wide inter-row of untilled soil. Fields of winter wheat and spring barley were investigated, assessing plant density and spatial variation, plant height, yield components, and yield. The morphological and physiological indices of the plants and canopies determined were leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), leaf stomatal conductance, and relative chlorophyll content in leaves. The ST-OP technology provides uniform planting in the canopy, especially under conditions of insufficient rainfall. Fields of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated by this method featured shorter plants with more stalks with spikes, and spikes with greater weight and number of grains, than in the fields of cereals grown under PL-ES. The LAI and PAR indices in the narrow inter-rows were similar to the PL-ES technology and higher than in the wide, untilled inter-rows. Leaves of cereals grown under ST-OP contained more chlorophyll and had a higher leaf stomatal conductance. This technology, which provides higher winter wheat and spring barley yields, is an alternative to ploughless tillage with row sowing.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency of Selected Crops Cultivated under Different Technology of Soil Tillage

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vach ◽  
Z. Strašil ◽  
M. Javůrek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tillage Methods

Abstract The objective of this study was the model comparison and economic evaluation of different methods of soil tillage and crop stand establishments used. Based on yield results (winter wheat, spring barley, and white mustard cultivated in three-crop rotation) from field experiments with conventional, conservation with minimum tillage, and no-tillage methods conducted at the site Prague-Ruzyně, model economic balances were evaluated. Prices of the main products were determined based on the yield results from the period 2010-2013 and the current market prices. In the individual tillage systems, the total costs of production of evaluated crops were counted up and profitability was calculated as a ratio of profit to total costs. The highest total costs of crop cultivation were identified in cereals under conventional soil tillage, on the contrary, the lowest in cereals cultivated under conservation tillage technology. As for the growing technologies, the highest profitability was found in winter wheat, as for the tillage methods, it was in the conservation variant with minimum tillage. The economic evaluation for individual crops was based on standards of growing technologies and particular work operations.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Different Stubble Tillage Practices and Glyphosate Application Combined with the New Soil Residual Herbicide Cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Miriam Hannah Messelhäuser ◽  
Marcus Saile ◽  
Bernd Sievernich ◽  
Roland Gerhards
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

Effective control of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass) solely with a chemical treatment is not guaranteed anymore because populations exhibit resistance to almost all herbicide modes of action. Integrated weed management (IWM) against blackgrass is necessary to maintain high weed control efficacies in winter cereals. Four field experiments were conducted in Southwest Germany from 2018 to 2020 to control A. myosuroides with a combination of cultural and chemical methods. Stubble treatments, including flat, deep and inversion soil tillage; false seedbed preparation and glyphosate use, were combined with the application of the new pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin in two rates in winter wheat. Average densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated control plots were up to 505 plants m−2. The combination of different stubble management strategies and the pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin controlled 86–97% of A. myosuroides plants at the low rate and 95–100% at the high rate until 120 days after sowing. The different stubble tillage practices varied in their efficacy between trials and years. Most effective and consistent were pre-sowing glyphosate application on the stubble and stale seedbed preparation with a disc harrow. Stubble treatments increased winter wheat density in the first year but had no effect on crop density in the second year. Pre-emergence application of cinmethylin did not reduce winter wheat densities. Multiple tactics of weed control, including stubble treatments and pre-emergence application of cinmethylin, provided higher and more consistent control of A. myosuroides. Integration of cultural weed management could prevent the herbicide resistance development.

Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.

scholarly journals Ecologically safe methods for presowing treatment of cereal seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
V. V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
L. V. Zhukova ◽  
S. V. Stankevich ◽  
Yu. H. Ogurtsov ◽  
I. I. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crop Capacity

We analyzed various sources of scientific literature and our data at the experimental field of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev within 2010-2013. The irradiation of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the electromagnetic fields of the extremely high frequencies (MWF of EHF) was carried out with the help of the equipment of the Kharkiv Technical University of Radio Electronics. The treatment of seeds with the microwave oscillations of the extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (MWF of EHF) that is widely used for the operation of many radio and home microwave devices was done at the frequency range of 2.5-3.4 GHz, at the power of 0.9-1.8 kW for 5-95 seconds per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing quality of the seeds before and after treatment was determined in accordance with the current State Standard of Ukraine 4138-2002 in the laboratory of the seed production and seed science of the Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev. The field experiments were performed in the crop rotation laboratory of the seed production and seed science. Pea for grain was sown before spring barley and the black fallow preceded winter wheat. During the experiments the area of the studied plot was 20 m2, the recurrence was four-times, and the placement of the plots were systemic.We suggested the optimum regimes of seeds irradiation with the microwave field of an extremely high frequency (MWF of EHF). They should be at range of 2.4-3.4 GHz with the power consumption of 0.9 kW per 1 kg of seed and at exposure of 45 seconds of 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds and exposure of 15-20 seconds. Such regimes cause the increased energy of germination, seeds sprouting, and crop capacity. We proposed to use this solution for improving and increasing the ecological features of winter wheat and spring barley by using the presowing microwave irradiation of seeds instead of chemical treatment. We considered the complex presowing treatment of seeds with MWF of EHF in combination with the plant growth regulators should be adopted and further enhanced.

scholarly journals Using a Portable Active Sensor to Monitor Growth Parameters and Predict Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Qiang Cao ◽  
Yongchao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index

Rapid and effective acquisition of crop growth information is a crucial step of precision agriculture for making in-season management decisions. Active canopy sensor GreenSeeker (Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a portable device commonly used for non-destructively obtaining crop growth information. This study intended to expand the applicability of GreenSeeker in monitoring growth status and predicting grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four field experiments with multiple wheat cultivars and N treatments were conducted during 2013–2015 for obtaining canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ratio vegetation index (RVI) synchronized with four agronomic parameters: leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), and leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA). Duration models based on NDVI and RVI were developed to monitor these parameters, which indicated that NDVI and RVI explained 80%, 68–70%, 10–12%, and 67–73% of the variability in LAI, LDM, LNC and LNA, respectively. According to the validation results, the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) were all <0.24 and the relative error (RE) were all <23%. Considering the variation among different wheat cultivars, the newly normalized vegetation indices rNDVI (NDVI vs. the NDVI for the highest N rate) and rRVI (RVI vs. the RVI for the highest N rate) were calculated to predict the relative grain yield (RY, the yield vs. the yield for the highest N rate). rNDVI and rRVI explained 77–85% of the variability in RY, the RRMSEs were both <0.13 and the REs were both <6.3%. The result demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring growth parameters and predicting grain yield of winter wheat with portable GreenSeeker sensor.

scholarly journals Study of some physiologic properties of different genotype sweet corn hybrids

2012 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

The effect of nutrient-supply (control, N120+PK) and two different genotypes on the physiologic properties of sweet corn has been investigated in the crop-year of 2011 on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region. The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen in Debrecen-Látókép. The experiment was sewn in two different sowing times: the 21st April can be considered as an early, while the 19th May as a late sowing time. The two involved hybrids were Jumbo and Enterprise. The applied plant density was 65 000 plants per hectare.Our aim with this experiment was to study the plant production, just as the main affecting factors of its development and dynamics, like nutrient-supply and genotypes. We aimed to study and analyse the relationships between these factors and plant production. In this study following parameters were measured and calculated: photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll-content (SPAD-value), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD). Regarding the analysis of photosynthetic activity values no obvious relationship between the measured values and the applied hybrids, just as nutrient-supply has been revealed. Analysing the SPAD-values it can be stated that the chlorophyll-content of the measured leaves showed an increasing tendency due to the nutrient-supply. The highest values have been measured in the intensive cob development phase of the early sowing time plots.Regarding the LAI-values we have found significant differences between the fertilizer treatments in both sowing time treatments. In case of the leaf area duration values – that is derived from the LAI values – nutrient-supply has positively affected the duration of the assimilation area.

scholarly journals Economically Optimal Plant Density for Machine-harvested Edamame

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Daljeet S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index

Consumer demand for edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the vegetable version of soybean (Glycine max), has grown during the past decade in North America. Domestic production of edamame is on the rise; however, research to guide fundamental crop production practices, including knowledge useful for developing appropriate recommendations for crop seeding rate, is lacking. Field experiments near Urbana, IL, were used to quantify edamame response to plant density and determine the economically optimal plant density (EOPD) of machine-harvested edamame. Crop growth and yield responses to a range of plant densities (24,700 to 395,100 plants/ha) were quantified in four edamame cultivars (AGS 292, BeSweet 292, Gardensoy 42, and Midori Giant) across 2 years. Plots were harvested with the Oxbo BH100, a fresh market bean harvester. In general, as plant density increased, branch number and the ratio of pod mass to vegetative mass decreased, while plant height and leaf area index increased. Recovery, the percent of marketable pods in the machine-harvested sample, varied among cultivars from 86% to 95%. Results identified the EOPD for machine-harvested edamame ranged from 87,000 to 120,000 plants/ha. When considering the effect of plant density on plant morphology, as well as seeding cost, harvester efficiency, recovery, and marketable pod yield, edamame EOPDs are considerably lower than seeding rates of up to 344,200 seeds/ha recommended in recent publications.

scholarly journals Ecologically safe methods for presowing treatment of cereal seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
V. V. Bezpal'ko ◽  
L. V. Zhukova ◽  
S. V. Stankevich ◽  
Yu. H. Ogurtsov ◽  
I. I. Klymenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Extremely High Frequency ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Crop Capacity

We analyzed various sources of scientific literature and our data at the experimental field of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev within 2010-2013. The irradiation of winter wheat and spring barley seeds with the electromagnetic fields of the extremely high frequencies (MWF of EHF) was carried out with the help of the equipment of the Kharkiv Technical University of Radio Electronics. The treatment of seeds with the microwave oscillations of the extremely high frequency electromagnetic field (MWF of EHF) that is widely used for the operation of many radio and home microwave devices was done at the frequency range of 2.5-3.4 GHz, at the power of 0.9-1.8 kW for 5-95 seconds per 1 kg of seeds. The sowing quality of the seeds before and after treatment was determined in accordance with the current State Standard of Ukraine 4138-2002 in the laboratory of the seed production and seed science of the Plant Growing Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev. The field experiments were performed in the crop rotation laboratory of the seed production and seed science. Pea for grain was sown before spring barley and the black fallow preceded winter wheat. During the experiments the area of the studied plot was 20 m2, the recurrence was four-times, and the placement of the plots were systemic.We suggested the optimum regimes of seeds irradiation with the microwave field of an extremely high frequency (MWF of EHF). They should be at range of 2.4-3.4 GHz with the power consumption of 0.9 kW per 1 kg of seed and at exposure of 45 seconds of 1.8 kW per 1 kg of seeds and exposure of 15-20 seconds. Such regimes cause the increased energy of germination, seeds sprouting, and crop capacity. We proposed to use this solution for improving and increasing the ecological features of winter wheat and spring barley by using the presowing microwave irradiation of seeds instead of chemical treatment. We considered the complex presowing treatment of seeds with MWF of EHF in combination with the plant growth regulators should be adopted and further enhanced.

Winter wheat and spring barley productivities on sod-podzolic soil under conventional and resource-saving tillage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Железова ◽  
А. Мельников ◽  
А. Беленков
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Positive Effect

Проведено сравнение урожайности озимой пшеницы и ярового ячменя при многолетнем возделывании по технологиям традиционной и ресурсосберегающей обработки в четырёхпольном зернопропашном севообороте на дерновоподзолистой почве. Предшественником в севообороте для пшеницы была викоовсяная смесь, для ячменя картофель. Традиционная обработка как под пшеницу, так и под ячмень включала дискование стерни после предшественника, отвальную вспашку на 22 24 см и предпосевную культивацию. Альтернативными методами обработки почвы являлись: под ячмень минимальная обработка дисковым культиватором на 12 14 см, под пшеницу нулевая обработка, прямой посев с предварительной обработкой поля гербицидом на основе д.в. глифосата. Пшеницу удобряли по схеме: N32P32K32 перед посевом и две подкормки N70 в течение вегетации. За 11 лет исследований средняя урожайность озимой пшеницы на фоне интенсивного применения удобрений в варианте традиционной обработки 5,00 т/га, в варианте нулевой обработки 4,84 т/га (при НСР05 0,56 т/га). За тот же период урожайность ячменя на фоне N40P40K40 составила в варианте традиционной обработки 3,83 т/га, при минимальной 3,91 т/га (при НСР05 0,19). В отдельные годы урожайность озимой пшеницы и ячменя была существенно выше в варианте традиционной вспашки по сравнению с ресурсосберегающей обработкой, в другие годы наоборот, но постоянной тенденции преимущества одной из двух изучаемых технологий выявлено не было. Таким образом, способы обработки почвы традиционная вспашка и ресурсосберегающая обработка, минимальная или нулевая не оказывают постоянного, воспроизводимого из года в год положительного или отрицательного воздействия на урожайность зерновых. За 11летний период наблюдений было выявлено, что на фоне применения рекомендованных доз минеральных удобрений урожайность зерновых в большей степени зависела от метеоусловий вегетационного сезона, нежели от способа обработки почвы. The investigation included the competitive trial of winter wheat and spring barley under conventional and resourcesaving cultivation. The crop rotation was performed on sodpodzolic soil for 4 years. Vetchoat mixture preceded wheat while potato barley. Conventional tillage included disk plowing after the forecrops, 22 24 cm moldboard plowing and seedbed preparation. Alternatively, 12 14 cm disk plowing, zero tillage and direct seeding were used under glyphosatebased herbicide application. Wheat grew on the background of N32P32K32 and obtained N70 twice during its growing season. For 11 years wheat productivity averaged to 5.00 t ha1 under conventional cultivation and 4.84 t ha1 under zero tillage (LSD 0.56 t ha1, P 0.05). Barley yielded 3.83 t grain ha1 under conventional cultivation and 3.91 t grain ha1 under minimum tillage (LSD 0.19, P 0.05) on the background of N40P40K40. In some years wheat and barley performed better under conventional cultivation but the data was inconsistent. Therefore, tillage type had no constant positive effect on crop productivity. Crop productivities were mostly affected by weather conditions when applying the recommended fertilizer rates.

scholarly journals The Morphological Features and Canopy Parameters as Factors Affecting the Competition Between Winter Wheat Varieties and Weeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk ◽  
Adam Berbeć
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between morphological features and canopy parameters of winter wheat varieties and weed infestation. The 2-year-long field experiments were conducted at 3 locations, on 13 varieties of winter wheat cultivated on organic farms. The response of the tested cultivars to weed infestation was similar regardless of the location. The number of weeds did not differ significantly between the wheat varieties and was similar in all locations and years of the study (109-122 plants/m2). The weed dry matter was significantly lower in Chomentowo (38 g/m2) compared to Osiny and Chwałowice (66 and 85 g/ m2). Nateja and Legenda wheat varieties showed the biggest competitiveness against weeds in both years and locations, whereas Alcazar, Boomer and Jenga were characterized as having the least competitive ability. Natula, Kohelia, Batuta and Ostroga wheat varieties showed a different response to weed infestation over the years. The analysis of correlation and cluster analysis showed that wheat dry matter, plant density, and wheat height had the greatest impact on the number and dry matter of weeds. There was no significant correlation between number of tillers per plant and weed infestation parameters measured in the dough stage

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document