scholarly journals Study of some physiologic properties of different genotype sweet corn hybrids

2012 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

The effect of nutrient-supply (control, N120+PK) and two different genotypes on the physiologic properties of sweet corn has been investigated in the crop-year of 2011 on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region. The experiments were carried out at the Experimental Station of the University of Debrecen in Debrecen-Látókép. The experiment was sewn in two different sowing times: the 21st April can be considered as an early, while the 19th May as a late sowing time. The two involved hybrids were Jumbo and Enterprise. The applied plant density was 65 000 plants per hectare.Our aim with this experiment was to study the plant production, just as the main affecting factors of its development and dynamics, like nutrient-supply and genotypes. We aimed to study and analyse the relationships between these factors and plant production. In this study following parameters were measured and calculated: photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll-content (SPAD-value), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD). Regarding the analysis of photosynthetic activity values no obvious relationship between the measured values and the applied hybrids, just as nutrient-supply has been revealed. Analysing the SPAD-values it can be stated that the chlorophyll-content of the measured leaves showed an increasing tendency due to the nutrient-supply. The highest values have been measured in the intensive cob development phase of the early sowing time plots.Regarding the LAI-values we have found significant differences between the fertilizer treatments in both sowing time treatments. In case of the leaf area duration values – that is derived from the LAI values – nutrient-supply has positively affected the duration of the assimilation area.

scholarly journals Study of plant physiological parameters in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. napus f. biennis L.) production on chernozem soil

2016 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Éva Vincze ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

We made plant physiology examinations in Arkaso winter oilseed rape hybrid substance: relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements. The experiment was set in University of Debrecen Agricultural Sciences Center at Látóképi Experimental Station in four replications, in two different sowing times (I. sowing date on 08/22/2014 and II. sowing date on 09/09/2014 sowing againhappened because of the incomplete germination in the second subtance 01/10/2014) Three different plant density 200, 350 and 500 thousand ha-1, under the same nutrient supply, 45 cm row spacing. The experiment was green crop of winter wheat. The relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) measurements were made in seven different times. We measured the maximum value of chlorophyll content in the first sowing time at 500, and the second sowing time at 350 thousand ha-1 plant density. The measurement results proved that there was a linear relationship between the number of plants and the LAI. The maximum leaf area index values we measured in both the sowing time at 500 thousand ha-1 reached.

scholarly journals Sowing Time of Sweet Corn in Summer Season in Northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Antônio A. N. Franco ◽  
Pedro S. Vidigal Filho ◽  
Carlos A. Scapim ◽  
Ricardo S. Okumura ◽  
Alberto Y. Numoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index

The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of sowing time in summer season on agronomic characteristics of sweet corn grown in summer season in Northwest Paraná, Brazil. The experiments were conducted in 2011, and 2012, in both years, the sowing was carried out on ST1: 09/05; ST2: 09/19; ST3: 10/03; ST4: 10/17, and ST5: 10/31. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of sowing time and two corn hybrids, with four replicates. The evaluated variables were plant height, leaf area index and yield of commercial ears, in which the effects of sowing times were studied through regression analysis, and effects of hybrids and agricultural years were studied by F-test. Sowing times promoted reductions in phenology of hybrids, but did not provide variations in degree-days accumulation by hybrids. The maximum leaf area index (3.82) was estimated for 10/04. In year 2011, the maximum plant height (2.17 m) and yield (13.0 Mg ha-1) were estimated for 10/06, and 10/03, respectively. While, in year 2012, the maximum height (2.22 m) and yield (12.85 Mg ha-1) were obtained on 10/09 and 10/11, respectively. The hybrid RB6324 showed greater yield potential, independent of year.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE, CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT AND LEAF AREA INDEX OF OKRA AT SIX IN-ROW PLANT DENSITIES

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 689E-689
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of in-row plant densities on gas exchange, chlorophyll content and leaf area index of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) was studied. The six in-row plant densities ranged from 8 cm to 48 cm (D1 - D6). On 11 and 27 July 1990, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (Pn) and chlorophyll content (Chl) at top- and mid-canopy levels and leaf area index (LAI) were measured. Mid-canopy PAR was 86 ± 6% less than that of the top-canopy and E, Pn and Chl at mid-canopy were respectively 55, 90 and 10% lower than those of the top-canopy. The interaction of plant density with canopy position was significant for E and Pn. The highest E and Pn, (12.28 mmol m-2 s-1 and 22.01 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively) were recorded at the D5 top-canopy. In-contrast, the lowest E and Pn, (4.17 mmol m-2 s-l and 1.23 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, respectively) at the D6 mid-canopy were recorded. The LAI also exhibited significant variation among plant densities with a range of 4.65 to 4.97 for D5 and D3, respectively. These results indicate that 40 cm in-row density was the most suited for gas exchange of okra.

scholarly journals Relationships between nutrientsupply, genotype and some physiological properties of winter wheat

2012 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Éva Szabó ◽  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) of three winter wheat varieties have been investigated on a chernozem soil. Three winter wheat varieties (GK Öthalom, Pannonikus and Genius) in three different nutrient-supply levels have been involved in our experiment in the crop-year of 2010/2011. The investigated physiological properties have been set against to the yield results. Upon the results of this comparison it has been stated that there is a close relationship between the investigated physiological properties and yield averages. The SPAD-values showed a growing tendency parallel to the growth of the nutrient-supply levels. The varieties have the highest SPAD-values at the nutri ent-level of N120+PK. Compared to the yield averages we have stated that varieties that have higher SPAD-values have realized higher yields as well. Higher nutrient dosages have increased in the leaf area. In case of all the three varieties the highest LAI-values were measured at the flowering stage (23. 05.) in the treatment whit N120+PK. Varieties with higher leaf area have produced higher yields as well. Parallel to the increasing nutrient-supply levels the value of leaf area duration increased as well. We measured the highest LAD-values in the treatment of N120+PK nutrient-level. By the LAD-values it can be stated that more durable and larger leaf area has been produced in the flowering and ripening phenophases, due to the higher nutrient-dosages. Analysing the relationships between the results it can be stated that there is a strong positive relationship between fertilizer treatments and SPAD-, LAI- and LAD-values. The genotype showed a strong positive correlation to SPAD-values. Yield averages showed strong positive correlation to SPAD-, LAI- and LAD-values as well.

Effects of Plant Density and Thinning on High-Yielding Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Mexíco

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aguilar M. Immer ◽  
R. A. Fischer ◽  
Joshue Kohashi S.
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Pod Number

SUMMARYThe influence of leaf area and inter-plant competition on the growth and yield of a crop of high-yielding dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in central Mexico was studied, using density and thinning treatments. The highest seed yield (4210 kg/ha at 14% moisture) was obtained with the highest density (28·8 plants/m2). Thinning showed that pods/plant was sensitive to inter-plant competition between 36 and 78 days after seeding (first flower at 50 days), but seeds/pod, and especially seed weight, were not sensitive. It is suggested that the close positive relation between yield and leaf area duration derives from the influence of photosynthate supply upon pod number.

scholarly journals A Plant Process Economic Model for Weed Management Decisions in Irrigated Onion

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio M. Dunan ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
Frank D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Light Extinction ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A simulation model was built as a decision aid for management of five weed species in direct seeded irrigated onion (Allium cepa L.). The model uses the state variable approach and simulations are driven by temperature and sunlight as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It predicts yield reduction caused by competition for PAR according to the ratio of crop leaf area index (LAI) to weed LAI and respective light extinction coefficients (k). Input variables are plant density by species and average number of leaves by species. Number of leaves per plant is used by the model to provide an estimate of initial leaf area per plant. The model calculates initial species LAIs by multiplying species density times average leaf area per plant. The model accurately describes competitive interactions, taking into account respective plant densities, time of emergence, and time of weed removal. It permits economic evaluation of management factors such as handweeding, chemical weed control, herbicide phytotoxicity due to early application, and control of weed flushes during the season. The model is also used to evaluate mechanisms of plant competition for sunlight. In a sensitivity analysis, onion yield loss was more sensitive to weed PAR interception than to PAR use efficiency, the latter a species-dependent constant in the model.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE TRÊS MÉTODOS DE OBTENÇÃO DO ÍNDICE DE ÁREA FOLIAR PARA CULTURA DA SOJA

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Ana Laura Pereira Souza ◽  
Marcelo Marques Costa ◽  
Darly Geraldo de Sena Junior ◽  
Rogério Borges de Oliveria Paz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design

O Índice de área foliar (IAF) representa a eficiência na interceptação e utilização da radiação solar pelas plantas. O IAF pode ser obtido de forma direta, determinando-se a área foliar e área ocupada pela planta. Entretanto, métodos indiretos são comumente utilizados para sua estimativa devido a necessidade de praticidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a equivalência das estimativas do IAF obtidas por meio de um ceptômetro, pelo método de discos e utilizando imagens digitais. Para tanto, foi conduzido um experimento com a cultura da soja, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com variação da densidade de plantas, para comparar os valores de IAF obtidos pelos diferentes métodos aos 34 dias após a semeadura (DAS). A comparação foi feita por meio dos coeficientes de equações lineares ajustadas entre os resultados obtidos. O método do disco e do ceptômetro, apresentaram uma boa equivalência entre seus valores. Entretanto, o método que utiliza imagens superestimou o IAF, não apresentando uma boa equivalência de seus valores aos do método de discos e ao ceptômetro.Palavras-chave: ceptômetro, discos foliares, imagens digitais. EVALUATION OF THREE OBTAINMENT METHODS OF FOLIAR AREA INDEX FOR SOYBEAN CROP ABSTRACT:The leaf area index (LAI) represents the interception efficiency and use of solar radiation by plants. IAF can be obtained directly, determining the leaf area and area occupied by the plant. However, indirect methods are commonly used for their estimation because for practicality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the equivalence of the LAI estimates obtained with a ceptometer, using the disc method and digital images. A experiment was conducted with soybean crop, in a randomized block design with plant density variation to compare the LAI values obtained by the different methods at 34 days after sowing (DAS). The comparison was made through the coefficients of linear equations adjusted between the results obtained. The disc and the ceptometer method presented a good equivalence between their values. However, the imaging method overestimated the LAI, not presenting a good equivalence of its values to those of the disc method and the ceptometer.Keywords: ceptometer, leaf discs, digital images.

Estimation of leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content in Sporobolus densiflorus using hyperspectral measurements and PROSAIL model simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1200
Author(s):  
Estefanía Piegari ◽  
Juan I. Gossn ◽  
Francisco Grings ◽  
Verónica Barraza Bernadas ◽  
Ángela B. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Impact of nutrient supply, sowing time and plant density on maize yields

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Chilling Resistance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Plant Densities

In order to enhance the adaptability and yield stability of maize, the effect of nutrient supply and plant density on yield was studied on a calcareous chernozem soil in Debrecen, while the relationship between sowing date and the grain moisture content at harvest was investigated on a typical meadow soil in Hajdúböszörmény. In the plant density experiment, the plant densities applied were 45, 60, 75 and 90 thousand plants/ha. The optimal fertilizer rates for the maize hybrids were: N 40-120, P2O5 25-75, K2O 30-90 kg ha-1. The application of NPK fertilizers in a wet year increased the yield by 40-50%. Hybrids with good chilling resistance at germination can be sown as early as 10 April, when the soil temperature reaches 8-10°C. There was a significant correlation between sowing date and the grain moisture content at harvest. When hybrids with good chilling resistance at germination were sown early, the grain moisture content at harvest was reduced by 5-10%. A plant density higher than the optimum reduces yield and yield stability. The optimal plant densities determined in the experiment were 60, 75 and 90 thousand plants/ha for two, three and one hybrid, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Yield, Fiber Quality and Dry Matter Production of Cotton Planted at Various Densities under Equidistant Row Arrangement

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Nangial Khan ◽  
Fangfang Xing ◽  
Lu Feng ◽  
Zhanbiao Wang ◽  
Minghua Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Lint Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density

The number of cotton plants grown per unit area has recently gained attention due to technology expense, high input, and seed cost. Yield consistency across a series of plant populations is an attractive cost-saving option. Field experiments were conducted to compare biomass accumulation, fiber quality, leaf area index, yield and yield components of cotton planted at various densities (D1, 1.5; D2, 3.3; D3, 5.1; D4, 6.9; D5, 8.7; and D6, 10.5 plants m−2). High planting density (D5) produced 21% and 28% more lint yield as compared to low planting density (D1) during both years, respectively. The highest seed cotton yield (4662 kg/ha) and lint yield (1763 kg/ha) were produced by high plant density (D5) while the further increase in the plant population (D6) decreased the yield. The increase in yield of D5 was due to more biomass accumulation in reproductive organs as compared to other treatments. The highest average (19.2 VA gm m−2 d−1) and maximum (21.8 VM gm m−2 d−1) rates of biomass were accumulated in reproductive structures. High boll load per leaf area and leaf area index were observed in high planting density as compared to low, while high dry matter partitioning was recorded in the lowest planting density as compared to other treatments. Plants with low density had 5% greater fiber length as compared to the highest plant density, while the fiber strength and micronaire value were 10% and 15% greater than the lowest plant density. Conclusively, plant density of 8.7 plants m−2 is a promising option for enhanced yield, biomass, and uniform fiber quality of cotton.

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