scholarly journals The Response of Wheat with Different Allele Statuses of the Gpc-B1 Gene under Zinc Deficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Natalia Kaznina ◽  
Nadezhda Dubovets ◽  
Yuliya Batova ◽  
Anna Ignatenko ◽  
Olga Orlovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Functional Allele ◽  
Introgressive Line ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
B1 Gene

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc (Zn) deficiency on the growth and grain yield of wheat with different allele statuses of the Gpc-B1 gene. For this research, common wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (Koern. ex Asch. &Graebn.) Schweinf.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Festivalnaya), and two intogressive lines were used. T. dicoccoides and introgressive line 15-7-1 carry a functional allele of the Gpc-B1 gene, while the T. aestivum cv. Festivalnaya and introgressive line 15-7-2 carry the non-functional Gpc-B1 allele. Zn deficiency did not affect the shoot height or fresh weight of any of the studied plants. The only exception was T. dicoccoides, where a small decrease in shoot height was registered. Additionally, under Zn deficiency T. dicoccoides had an increase in flag leaf area, spike length, and dry weight, as well as in grain number and grain yield per spike. The other variants did not experience changes in the above-described parameters under Zn deficiency. Under Zn deficiency, the Zn concentration in the grains was higher in the plants with a functional allele of the Gpc-B1 gene compared to the plants with a non-functional allele. These results show that wheat with a functional allele of the Gpc-B1 gene growing under Zn deficiency is capable of grain production with a sufficient Zn concentration without a decrease in yield.

Variation in growth, development, and yield of durum wheat in response to high soil boron. I. Average effects

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 945 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Yau ◽  
M. C. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Set Up

A greenhouse study was conducted to examine how the performance of a group of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf, syn. T. Durum) lines was affected by high soil boron (B) levels in terms of growth, phenological development, and grain yield components. Three soil B levels (hot-water extractable B concentrations of 0·3, 7·1, and 17·4 mg/kg) were set up by mixing soil with boric acid. Foliar symptom scores of B toxicity were taken at the beginning of tillering. Six seedlings were then harvested from each pot for measurement of dry weight and shoot B concentration. Days to heading, numbers of tillers and heads, plant height, flag-leaf area, grain and straw yield, and number of grains were also measured. The high soil B level (17·4 mg/kg) caused symptoms of B toxicity on the foliage, increased shoot B concentrations, retarded growth, and reduced grain yield. Other effects included delayed heading; greater reduction in grain yield than straw yield; severely reduced grain yield per tiller due to an increase in aborted tillers; and decreased 1000-grain weight and number of heads per plant. The moderately high soil B level (7·1 mg/kg) also severely depressed the grain yield of these durum lines.

Zinc application enhances grain zinc density in genetically-zinc-biofortified wheat grown on a low-zinc calcareous soil

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Target Level ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Zn Availability ◽  
Zinc Application ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Human zinc (Zn) deficiency is a worldwide problem, especially in developing countries due to the prevalence of cereals in the diet. Among different alleviation strategies, genetic Zn biofortification is considered a sustainable approach. However, it may depend on Zn availability from soils. We grew Zincol-16 (genetically-Zn-biofortified wheat) and Faisalabad-08 (widely grown standard wheat) in pots with (8 mg kg−1) or without Zn application. The cultivars were grown in a low-Zn calcareous soil. The grain yield of both cultivars was significantly (P≤0.05) increased with that without Zn application. As compared to Faisalabad-08, Zincol-16 had 23 and 41% more grain Zn concentration respectively at control and applied rate of Zn. Faisalabad-08 accumulated about 18% more grain Zn concentration with Zn than Zincol-16 without Zn application. A near target level of grain Zn concentration (36 mg kg−1) was achieved in Zincol-16 only with Zn fertilisation. Over all, the findings clearly signify the importance of agronomic Zn biofortification of genetically Zn-biofortified wheat grown on a low-Zn calcareous soil.

Response of durum wheat to different levels of zinc and Fusarium pseudograminearum

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin S. Al-Fahdawi ◽  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Margaret Evans ◽  
Amanda J. Able
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Fusarium Pseudograminearum ◽  
Zn Concentration

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is susceptible to Fusarium pseudograminearum and sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in Australian soils. However, little is known about the interaction between these two potentially yield-limiting factors, especially for Australian durum varieties. The critical Zn concentration (concentration of Zn in the plant when there is a 10% reduction in yield) and degree of susceptibility to F. pseudograminearum was therefore determined for five Australian durum varieties (Yawa, Hyperno, Tjilkuri, WID802, UAD1153303). Critical Zn concentration averaged 24.6 mg kg–1 for all durum varieties but differed for the individual varieties (mg kg–1: Yawa, 21.7; Hyperno, 22.7; Tjilkuri, 24.1; WID802, 24.8; UAD1153303, 28.7). Zinc efficiency also varied amongst genotypes (39–52%). However, Zn utilisation was similar amongst genotypes under Zn-deficient or Zn-sufficient conditions (0.51–0.59 and 0.017–0.022 g DM μg–1 Zn, respectively). All varieties were susceptible to F. pseudograminearum but the development of symptoms and detrimental effect on shoot biomass and grain yield were significantly greater in Tjilkuri. Even though crown rot symptoms may still be present, the supply of adequate Zn in the soil helped to maintain biomass and grain yield in all durum varieties. However, the extent to which durum varieties were protected from plant growth penalties due to crown rot by Zn treatment was genotype-dependent.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC AREA AND GRAIN YIELD PER PLANT IN WHEAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Voldeng ◽  
G. M. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
The Relationship

Shading treatments with a high- and a low-yielding line of wheat indicated that the ear and flag leaf contributed the major portion of grain dry weight. Correlation coefficients calculated between flag-leaf area and grain yield, and ear area and grain yield, from tillers within seven lines of wheat ranged from + 0.54 to + 0.90. The combination of a large flag leaf plus a large ear area showed promise as an index for selecting higher yielding individuals from a mixture of genotypes.

Awnedness affects grain yield and kernel weight in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosella Motzo ◽  
Francesco Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Severe Drought

The importance of awns in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) has to be evaluated whenever an increase in grain yield is expected due to a greater photosynthetic capacity of the awned ear. Awned and awnless isolines of durum wheat were compared in a 3-year field trial in Sardinia (Italy). Ear and flag-leaf size, radiation interception, canopy temperature, yield, and yield components were measured.Awns increased the ear surface area from 36 to 59%, depending on their length, which ranged from 5.5 to 13.8 cm. This resulted in an average 4% more radiation intercepted by the awned ears. Canopy temperature was 0.9�C lower, on average, in the awned isolines, and was negatively correlated with kernel weight (r = –0.85**, n = 10), although consistent and marked effects of awns on canopy temperature were only observed in the long-awned lines. Awns positively affected grain yield, with an average increase of 10 and 16%, respectively, in the 2 years in which they affected kernel weight. The irrelevant effect of awns on yield in the year characterised by a severe drought was a consequence of their early desiccation.The effects of awns on grain yield and kernel weight strongly depend on the genetic background, on awn length and functionality, and on the environmental conditions during grain filling.

Zinc seed treatments improve productivity, quality and grain biofortification of desi and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Zn Concentration

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a leading food legume primarily grown in marginal areas and consumed all over the world. However, its production is limited owing to zinc (Zn) deficiency in many chickpea-based cropping systems. This study was conducted over two years to evaluate the effect of Zn application through seed treatments on productivity and grain Zn biofortification of kabuli and desi chickpea types in Punjab, Pakistan. Pre-optimised doses of Zn were applied as (i) seed priming (0.001 m Zn) and (ii) seed coating (5 mg Zn kg–1 seed), using ZnSO4.7H2O (33% Zn). Hydropriming (soaking in water) and non-primed dry seeds were used as control treatments. Zinc seed treatments significantly improved leghemoglobin contents, nodulation, grain yield, grain Zn yield, grain bioavailable Zn, grain minerals and grain Zn concentration compared with control treatments in both chickpea types. During both years, kabuli chickpea receiving Zn seed coating had higher grain yield (2.22 and 2.73 t ha–1) and grain Zn yield (103 and 129 g ha–1) than kabuli receiving other treatments. Likewise, during both study years, maximum grain bioavailable Zn (4.58 and 4.55 mg Zn day–1) was recorded with Zn seed coating in both chickpea types. Kabuli chickpea had more grain bioavailable Zn than desi. With regard to seed treatments, desi chickpea was more responsive to Zn osmopriming, whereas kabuli was more responsive to Zn seed coating. In conclusion, Zn seed treatments, as seed priming and seed coating, are effective methods for improving the productivity, grain quality and Zn biofortification of both desi and kabuli chickpea.

The effect of changes of assimilate supply around flowering on grain sink size and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of tropical and temperate adaptation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK Aluko ◽  
KS Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Male Inflorescence ◽  
Female Inflorescence ◽  
Sink Size

Two maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars of temperate and one of tropical adaptation were grown in a subtropical (27�s.) environment under favourable conditions of plant population density, water and nutrient supply. The radiation incident to the plant during the period from flag leaf to 10 days after flowering was varied from the control by either shading or temporarily restraining leaves of neighbouring plants. The effects of these changes in assimilate supply, and of the presence of the male inflorescence, on the immediate dry weight of various plant parts and grain sink size, and consequential on dry matter production and grain yield was investigated. The radiation treatments effected small but significant changes in crop growth rate. Shading reduced the dry weight of the ear, and husk of the female inflorescence and male inflorescence (tassel). There were increases due to enhanced radiation. While removal of tassels also enhanced the dry weight of the female inflorescence, there was no evidence that the male inflorescence was a preferred sink for assimilates during this stage of growth.In the temperate cultivars, grain number m-2 was associated with ear dry weight at 10 days after anthesis (r = 0.95**). However, only in the tropical cultivar did the larger grain sink result in an increase in grain yield. Shading reduced grain yield in all cultivars probably because of a reduction in the supply of labile assimilates for grain filling.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Herbicides' Efficacy in Weed Control Accompanying some Wheat Cultivars and Their Effect on Yield and Its Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Sura A. Khudur ◽  
Taha Y.M. Al-Edany ◽  
Layla A. Bnayan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Al-Qaim area 90 km north of Basrah Province, Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different herbicides includes Pallas 4.5%OD (125ml.Donum-2), Spotlight75%DWG(5g.Donum-2) and Clodex100EC (150ml.Donum-2) to control the weeds growing with two cultivars of wheat (Ebaa-99 and Buhooth-22). The results showed that Ebaa-99 cultivar was superior in the average of plant height (77.99 cm), flag leaf area (29.15cm2), number of tillers (701.50 tillers.m-2), number of spikes (615.61 spikes.m-2), weight of 1000 grain (43.41g), grain yield (5203.34 Kg.ton-2), biological yield (15216.58 Kg/ha), harvest indicator (35.25%), dry weight of narrow-leaved (14.14 g.m-2) and broad-leaved weeds (43.64g.m-2). While Buhooth-22 cultivar revealed superiority in the number of grains per spike (28.66 grain.spike-2), length of the spike (7.76 cm) and protein content (10.47%). Spraying treatments by the formulation of the herbicides Spotlight and Clodex were significantly exceeded other treatments in all crop plant growing components.

scholarly journals Foliar application of nano-Zn and mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced Zn in grain and yield of two barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars under field conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Moshfeghi ◽  
Mostafa Heidari ◽  
Hamid Reza Asghari ◽  
Mehdi Baradaran Firoz Abadi ◽  
Lynette K. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global micronutrient problem in agricultural systems. The main target of this experiment was to investigate the effectiveness of foliar application of Zn under field conditions. Grain yield and Zn concentration in seed were assessed with three replicate plots per treatment in a factorial (2 x 3 x 2) experiment for two barley cultivars (Yusuf and Julgeh), three foliar ZnO applications (nano, ordinary and nano+ordinary ZnO) and two commercial inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (F. mosseae and R. irregularis). Among all Zn foliar applications, Zn applied in both nano and nano+ordinary forms were labile and resulted in the highest Zn concentration in grain of both barley cultivars. Cultivar Julgeh had higher grain Zn concentrations than did cultivar Yusuf in the same treatments. Nano ZnO was more effective than the ordinary form of ZnO and had the highest potential to improve physiological traits, plant growth and yield parameters in both cultivars. There was also a positive impact of the nano form of ZnO on phytase activity and carbonic anhydrase concentration in both barley cultivars. Inoculation with commercial inocula of AM fungi also enhanced grain Zn concentration, with Julgeh more responsive to inoculation with F. mosseae, and Yusuf more responsive to inoculation with R. irregularis. Generally, the combined application of Zn and inoculation with AM fungi improved physiological traits, grain yield and Zn availability to these two barley cultivars grown under field conditions. Accordingly, the nano form of Zn positively enhanced shoot morphological parameters, physiological parameters and grain Zn concentration. Application of the nano form ZnO in combination with inoculation with AM fungi had the most beneficial effects on grain Zn concentration, so this combined practice may have potential to reduce the requirement for application of synthetic Zn chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Cadmium absorption and retention by rats fed durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) grain

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. House ◽  
J. J. Hart ◽  
W. A. Norvell ◽  
R. M. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Cadmium Absorption

A whole-body radioassay procedure was used to assess the retention and apparent absorption by rats of Cd in kernels of durum wheat (Triticum turgidumL. var.durum) harvested from plants grown hydroponically in109Cd-labelled nutrient solution. Wholegrain wheat, containing 5 μmol Cd (570 μg)/kg dry weight labelled intrinsically with109Cd, was incorporated into test meals fed to rats that had been maintained on diets containing marginally adequate, adequate or surplus levels of Zn (0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg respectively), and either 0 or 50 g durum wheat/kg. Regardless of diet, all rats consumed about 99 % of the test meal offered. In rats fed diets without wheat, initial Cd absorption averaged 7·7, 4·6 and 2·4 % of the dose when the diet contained 0·12 mmol (8 mg), 0·43 mmol (28 mg) or 1·55 mmol (101 mg) Zn/kg diet respectively. In rats fed wheat-containing diets, initial Cd absorption averaged 3·8 and 2·6 % of the dose when dietary Zn concentration was 0·12 mmol (8 mg) and 0·43 mmol (28 mg)/kg diet respectively. The amount of Cd retained in the body at 15 d postprandial was <2 % of the dose in all rats, and decreased as Zn in the diet increased. Even at 15 d postprandial, 32 to 44 % of the Cd retained in the body was still in the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that: (1) the bioavailability to rats of Cd in wholegrain durum wheat was depressed when wholegrain wheat was part of the regular diet; (2) increased intake of dietary Zn lowered Cd absorption and retention; (3) retention of Cd in the body at 15 d postprandial from diets containing adequate Zn was <1·3 %.

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