scholarly journals Variation in Tuber Dry Matter Content and Starch Pasting Properties of White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Genotypes Grown in Three Agroecologies of NIGERIA

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Ryo Matsumoto ◽  
Asrat Asfaw ◽  
David De Koeyer ◽  
Satoru Muranaka ◽  
Tadashi Yoshihashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Guinea Yam

The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of genotype (G), location (L), and G × L interaction on tuber quality traits (dry matter content and starch pasting parameters) in white Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.). Variability in tuber dry matter and starch pasting properties was examined using 18 advanced breeding lines and two dominant landrace cultivars of white Guinea yam grown in three different agroecological zones (forest‒savanna transition, southern Guinea savanna, and rainforest) in Nigeria. The starch pasting properties were evaluated using a Rapid Visco Analyser. Our results show that the G × L interaction effect was low compared to the genotype and growing location effects on the variability of key starch properties. In addition, the repeatability of trait performance across locations was high and relatively uniform for key traits, suggesting that any of the three locations used in this study can be employed for their evaluation. Furthermore, TDr1100873 had a higher dry matter content than the dominant landrace cultivars (Amula and Meccakusa) but was similar to them in starch pasting properties. Hence, TDr1100873 is considered a suitable variety for future breeding activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties for Yield and Some Agronomic Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Lemma Tessema ◽  
Wassu Mohammed ◽  
Tesfaye Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Marketable Tuber ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Central Highlands

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in the central highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the performance of potato varieties for tuber yield and to identify a superior variety in tuber yield and yield components. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations in the central highlands of Ethiopia during the 2017 main cropping season. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the presence of highly significant (P<0.01) differences among varieties over all traits studied. The mean squares for location were also significant in indicating the influence of environments on the traits of the studied varieties. However, the interaction between variety and environment had no significant effect on the performances of the potato varieties to attain 50% flowering, specific gravity and dry matter content indicating a similar performance of these traits across all locations. The variety Belete produced the maximum total tuber yield of 32.8 t ha -1 and marketable tuber yield of 29.1 t ha-1. Conversely, farmers` variety Nech Abeba produced the minimum total tuber yield of 13.8 t ha-1 and marketable tuber yield of 8.4 t ha-1. For most tuber quality traits, viz., tuber specific gravity, dry matter content, starch percentage and total starch yield, varieties Belete and Menagesha were the maximum and minimum producers, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that varietal and environmental variations as well as their interaction had considerable influence on tuber yield and the potato’s attributes.

Effects of defoliation and time of harvest on tuber dry-matter percentage of Pentland Crown Potatoes

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Mechanical Method ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Time Of Harvest ◽  
Main Factor

Two experiments are reported which investigated the effects of time and method of crop defoliation and of extending the interval between defoliation and harvest on the relationship between dry-matter percentage and tuber size in Pentland Crown potatoes.Differences in average tuber dry-matter content between seasons and treatments were large, but the relationship between tuber dry-matter percentage and tuber size was always negatively quadratic. The dry-matter content of tubers of all sizes invariably decreased after defoliation, by about 0·6 % on average for each week that harvest was delayed in 1983 and 0·3 % in 1984. The largest decrease was from 22·7 to 16·7 % over the 10-week period following mechanical defoliation in mid-August 1983. In 1984, chemical defoliation in mid-August gave a smaller decrease than the mechanical method (0·25 and 0·38%/week) but their effects were similar when carried out in mid-September. Water uptake was the main factor responsible for the decrease because evidence showed that fresh weights of tubers increased proportionally following defoliation whilst dry weights remained virtually constant.Natural senescence was late in both seasons experiments so that the crops foliage was still mostly alive when defoliation occurred, even in September and early October. Thus, the relatively large effects of late defoliation may have been greater than might be expected where haulm senescence is already well advanced by this time and water uptake has almost ceased. Nevertheless, the decline in dry-matter percentage which may occur between defoliation and harvest can be extremely important where potatoes for processing are concerned. It could make them unacceptable for particular outlets and should be considered when defoliation and harvesting programmes are planned.

Dry matter, Free Sugar and Starch Changes in Tuber Regions of White Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), and the Effect of Storage Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
Elsie Hamadina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Rapid Changes

This study was conducted to determine the changes in dry matter (DM), free sugar (FS) and starch contents in the three yam (D. rotundata) tuber regions under two storage environmental conditions (natural light- yam barn, or and darkness). Three varieties of D. rotundata (alaako, Dodoro and Odo) were studied. The dry matter content of the Head region was the highest (28.6%), followed by the Middle (26.9%) and Tail (22.3%) regions. Change in dry matter content of the tuber is mainly due to rapid changes in the dry matter content of the Tail region over time. Storage environment significantly (P< 0.05) affected dry matter content of the three tuber regions at 8 and 16 weeks in storage (WIS). Head regions per variety were lower in dry matter when stored under Light than in the Dark at 8 WIS, while the reverse was the case for the Tail. This may relate to the release of endodormancy. By 16 WIS, when tubers stored under Light had well developed sprouts and those stored in the Dark only showed the first sign of sprouting, all Head regions had higher dry matter content under Light than in Dark storage. This may be due to the presence of sprouts. Storage environment did not significantly affect starch content at the various tuber regions. Head regions had higher percentage free sugar content under Light than Dark storage, and these effects were manifested between 8 and 16 WIS.

scholarly journals Performance of modern and old, European and national potato cultivars in different environments

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlandiney Eschemback ◽  
Jackson Kawakami ◽  
Paulo Eduardo de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter ◽  
Commercial Yield

Abstract Little information on the comparative yield of the main potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum) used in Brazil is available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of modern and old, European and Brazilian potato cultivars in different environments. Two experiments were carried in the field in 2013, in Brazil: in Guarapuava, in the state of Paraná, from January to April; and in Brasília, the Federal District, from August to November. Treatments consisted of six cultivars (origin, year of release): Bintje (European, 1910), Monalisa (European, 1982) and Agata (European, 1990); Baronesa (Brazilian, 1955), Catucha (Brazilian, 1995) and BRS Clara (Brazilian, 2010), arranged in complete blocks at random, with four replications, in both areas. Growth cycle, total and commercial yield (number of tubers and mass), tuber average weight and tuber dry matter content were evaluated. We observed significant differences in yield among cultivars, both in Guarapuava and in Brasilia. We also observed that increases in yield in Brazil are possible, the modern cultivars having higher yield potential than old cultivars. No significant differences in yield were detected between European and Brazilian cultivars, in none of the growing zones. We suggest that the use of imported cultivars by Brazilian potato growers is related to factors not associated to yield.

Starch granule size variation and relationship with tuber dry matter content in heritage potato varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichong Zhang ◽  
Agnes Murphy ◽  
Gongshe Liu ◽  
Benoit Bizimungu ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Tuber Dry Matter

scholarly journals Furrow-ridge mulching managements affect the yield, tuber quality and storage of continuous cropping potatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 576-583
Author(s):  
Yichen Kang ◽  
Weina Zhang ◽  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Yuhui Liu ◽  
Yanling Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Film Mulching

The effect of FP (a flat plot without mulch), FPM (a flat plot with film mulching), RM (on-ridge planting with full film mulching), and FM (on-furrow planting with full film mulching) on the tuber and its storage quality of continuous cropping potatoes was investigated. The results showed that with the increase of continuous cropping years, the potato yield was reduced year by year. The furrow-ridge mulching film can significantly increase potato yield and reduce small tubers. Among them, the yield of RM was the highest. From the perspective of tuber quality, RM had the highest dry matter content and starch content, while FP had the lowest. Meanwhile, the reducing sugar content of FP was always higher than that of other treatments. The amino acid content and vitamin C content of FPM, RM, and FM were higher than FP before and after storage. In addition, with the extension of storage time, the dry matter content, starch content, amino acid content, and vitamin C content of all treatments decreased, while the content of reducing sugar increased significantly. Thus, on-ridge planting with full film mulching (RM) can effectively improve potato yield and tuber quality before and after storage.  

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting dates on the yield and tuber quality of processing potatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
M Sharkar ◽  
JU Ahmed ◽  
SF Ahmed ◽  
SMZ Al Meraj ◽  
M. Mohi Ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Potato Products

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of harvesting dates and variety on the yield and processing quality of potato tuber. Three processing potato varieties (BARI Alu-25, Asterix; BARI Alu-28, Lady Rosetta and BARI Alu-29, Courage) were used as test crops and they were harvested at different days after planting [80, 90, and 100 days after planting (DAP)]. The three processing potato varieties showed higher tuber yield of Grade A (9.12 t ha-1) and B (13.64 t ha-1). The highest tuber yield (Grade A+B) [29.62 t ha-1] and total tuber yield (35.97 t ha-1) was found in Courage at 90 and 100 DAP harvest, respectively. The variety Lady Rosetta attained the highest percent of processable tuber yield (86.8% of the total tuber yield), the maximum dry matter content (26.37%), specific gravity (1.102) at 90 DAP harvest and this variety also contained the highest mean starch content (111.75 mg g-1 FW) followed by Courage (111.17 mg g-1 FW) and Asterix (103.95 mg g-1 FW). Optimum dry matter content (24.07%), specific gravity (1.091), starch content (110.15 mg g-1 FW), processable tuber yield (26.62 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (32.76 t ha-1) was found at 90 DAP harvest and therefore, it could be mentioned as suitable harvesting date for processing purposes. Among the varieties, Lady Rosetta and Courage were found preferable potato varieties that could be used for processing of potato products. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 179-193, March 2019

Effects of NPK Fertilizer on Tuber Yield, Starch Content and Dry Matter Accumulation of White Guinea Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in a Forest Alfisol of South Western Nigeria

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Kayode
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Guinea Yam

SUMMARYField trials designed to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield, starch and dry matter content of white guinea yam were conducted over a four year period in south western Nigeria. The optimum level of nitrogen for successful production of white guinea yam was 35 kg ha−1 in a forest Alfisol that had been under cultivation for at least two years. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had no significant effect on starch content, but large applications of phosphorus and potassium significantly decreased dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Bush yam (Dioscorea praehensilis Benth) as a Source of Agronomic and Quality Trait Genes in White Guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Adeyinka S. Adewumi ◽  
Paterne A. Agre ◽  
Paul A. Asare ◽  
Michael O. Adu ◽  
Kingsley J. Taah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Tuber Flesh ◽  
Guinea Yam

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is an important food security crop in the tropics and subtropics. However, it is characterized by a narrow genetic base within cultivated and breeding lines for tuber yield, disease resistance, and postharvest traits, which hinders the yam breeding progress. Identification of new sources of desirable genes for these traits from primary and secondary gene pools is essential for this crop improvement. This study aimed at identifying potential sources of genes for yield and quality traits in a panel of 162 accessions of D. praehensilis, a semi-domesticated yam species, for improving the major yam species, D. rotundata. Significant differences were observed for assessed traits (p < 0.05), with D. praehensilis genotypes out-performing the best D. rotundata landraces for tuber yield (23.47 t ha−1), yam mosaic virus (YMV) resistance (AUDPC = 147.45), plant vigour (2.43) and tuber size (2.73). The study revealed significant genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variance for tuber yield, YMV severity score, and tuber flesh oxidation. We had also a medium-to-high broad-sense heritability (H2b) for most of the traits except for the dry matter content and tuber flesh oxidation. This study identified some promising D. praehensilis genotypes for traits such as high yield potential (WNDpr76, CDpr28, CDPr7, EDpr14, and WNDpr63), resistance to YMV (WNDpr76, CDpr7, EDpr14, CDpr28, and EDpr13), high dry matter content (WNDpr76, CDpr28, and WNDpr24), low tuber flesh oxidation (WNDpr76, CDpr5, WNDpr31, CDpr40, and WNDpr94) and high number of tubers per plant (WNDpr76, CDpr7, CDpr68, CDpr29, and CDpr58). These genotypes could, therefore, be employed in breeding programmes to improve the white Guinea yam by broadening its genetic base.

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