scholarly journals Management Fusarium Wilt Disease in Tomato by Combinations of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Peppermint Oil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2536
Author(s):  
Magdi A. A. Mousa ◽  
Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr ◽  
Ahmed M. K. Abdel Alal ◽  
Nouf Owdah Alshareef
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Pre Treatment

The most important disease of tomato is Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). To control this disease, this study examined the combined use of bacterial bioagents and peppermint oil (PO). Seven bacterial isolates were collected from tomato plant rhizospheres and tested in vitro against FOL. The highest growth inhibition against FOL was shown by isolate No.3. This isolate was identified using 16S rRNA sequencing gene as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA). Peppermint oil tested at different concentrations (1, 2, and 3%) against FOL mycelial growth in vitro showed the highest inhibition at 3%. The effects of BA, PO, and BA + PO in vitro on the seed germination and seedling vigor index of the tomato cv. ‘Tala F1’ was also tested. All “BA, PO, and BA + PO” treatments increased the percentage of germinated seeds and seedlings’ main shoots and root length compared to control treated seeds. The BA, PO, and BA + PO treatments were further tested under greenhouse and field conditions with pre-treated seedlings in FOL-contaminated soil. Under greenhouse conditions, each treatment decreased disease severity compared to untreated seedlings. Under field conditions, pre-treatment of tomato seedlings with BA and PO treatments reduced disease severity greater than BA + PO in combination and the mock-treated plants (66.6% for BA, 66.6% for PO and 55.3% for BA + PO, respectively). These findings support the use of BA or PO as bio-control agents against F. oxysporum in tomato. The interplay between peppermint oil, B. amyloliquefaciens, F. oxysporum, and the host plant requires further study to identify the causative mechanism for this increased disease resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of various plant extracts against the early blight disease of tomato plants under greenhouse and field conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M.A. Nashwa ◽  
K.A.M. Abo-Elyousr
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Infected Control ◽  
Blight Disease

The antimicrobial activity of six plant extracts from Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus), Datura stramonium (Jimsonweed), Nerium oleander (Oleander), and Allium sativum (Garlic) was tested for controlling Alternaria solani in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro study the leaf extracts of D. stramonium, A. indica, and A. sativum at 5% concentration caused the highest reduction of mycelial growth of A. solani (44.4, 43.3 and 42.2%, respectively), while O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration and N. oleander at 5% concentration caused the lowest inhibition of mycelial growth of the pathogen. In greenhouse experiments the highest reduction of disease severity was achieved by the extracts of A. sativum at 5% concentration and D. stramonium at 1% and 5% concentration. The greatest reduction of disease severity was achieved by A. sativum at 5% concentration and the smallest reduction was obtained when tomato plants were treated with O. basilicum at 1% and 5% concentration (46.1 and 45.2 %, respectively). D. stramonium and A. sativum at 5% concentration increased the fruit yield by 76.2% and 66.7% compared to the infected control. All treatments with plant extracts significantly reduced the early blight disease as well as increased the yield of tomato compared to the infected control under field conditions.

scholarly journals Biohardening of Tissue Cultured Banana Plantlets of cv. Ney Poovan for the Management of Fusarium wilt of Banana with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) Triggers Defence Gene Products and Growth Promotion

2020 ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shalini Udaya ◽  
S. Nakkeeran ◽  
K. Soorianathasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Ney Poovan ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana

Fusarium wilt of banana is the most devastating disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc). In order to combat the early onset of Fusarium wilt disease, an experiment was carried out on biohardening of tissue cultured plantlets. Six bacterial endophytes were observed to inhibit the growth of Foc in vitro. Among the six bacterial endophytes, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (VB7) inhibited mycelial growth of Foc to an extent of 70.58% over control. Further, these bacterial endophytes were used for biohardening of the tissue cultured banana plantlets cv. Ney Poovan (AB) during primary and secondary hardening stages. Among the bacterial endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens was found to significantly enhance plant height, leaf production, root numbers and root length compared to untreated control. Activity of defense enzymes were  also enhanced and such increase in activity was observed to be to an  extent of 93.67% in peroxidase, 92.39% polyphenol oxidase, 97.60% phenylalanine ammonia lyase  and 26.23% in β-1, 3-glucanase defence enzymes in plants biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) over untreated control after inoculation of Foc. Tissue cultured plants of Ney Poovan biohardened with B. amyloliquefaciens   (VB7),   B.   paraconglomeratum   (YEB   PT2) and S. maltophilia (YEB RH2) were completely free from wilt incidence symptoms upto planting stage when challenged with Foc inoculum under pot culture conditions. As among these three endophytes, B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) also influenced favourable growth promotion, it can serve as a potential biocontrol agent for management of Fusarium wilt of banana.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
Mileidy Cruz Martín ◽  
Liliana Leyva ◽  
Mayra Acosta Suárez ◽  
Tatiana Pichardo ◽  
Idalmis Bermúdez Caraballoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Race 1

Introduction. Due to the absence of totally effective either economically viable chemical agents for the control of Fusarium wilt, the use of antagonistic microorganisms is of great interest since it could represent a more economically and ecologically sustainable alternative. Objective. To analyze the antifungal effect of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain against Fusarium oxysporum. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of the Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Cuba, between September 2017 and June, 2018. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of its culture filtrate and cell against F. oxysporum has been assayed. Results. The results indicated that the metabolites present in the culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 significantly influenced the growth and morphology of the mycelium and the conidia. They also caused oxidative damage to the lipid molecules of F. oxysporum. In addition, this strain showed inhibitory effects on the development of the disease under controlled conditions. These aspects are key when selecting a bacterial candidate as a biological control agent. Conclusions. The results showed that the B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain, isolated from Musa sp., had an in vitro antifungal effect against the vegetative and reproductive structures of Foc race 1 as well as on the Musa spp.-F. oxysporum interaction. This strain is suggested for the development of a bioproduct for Fusarium wilt management.

scholarly journals Biological control of fusarium root rot of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) with consortia of agriculturally important microorganisms in Viet Nam

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duong Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Chi Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Viet Hung ◽  
Hoang Thi Bich Thao ◽  
Chetan Keswani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Indian Mulberry ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Background Fusarium root rot disease in Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) (FRRBK), caused by Fusarium proliferatum (FP), is widespread and responsible for serious economic losses in Viet Nam. The efficacy of a new bio-product named MICROTECH-1(NL) is compared with other commercial products for suppression of FP under in vitro, pot, nursery as well as in the field conditions. Results In in vitro antagonistic assay, MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of FP (72.38%). Under pot conditions, the efficacy of all the bio-products was significantly higher when applied prior to pathogen inoculation. The disease severity of treatments with double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (applied both in the nursery and in the pot soil) was only 15.56%, significantly lower than control (80%). Thus, the application of MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly reduced the incidence of FP and markedly increased the number of plant beneficial bacteria and actinobacteria in rhizoplane of M. officinalis compared to untreated control. In the field conditions, double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (both in the nursery and in the field soils) significantly decreased disease severity in comparison to single application in nursery or field. Conclusion The most effective treatment was double application of MICROTECH-1(NL), which significantly reduced the disease severity and FP population in roots of M. officinalis and increased the population of plant beneficial microbes.

Construing the Role of Plant Extracts, Fungicides and Bio-agents in Ameliorating Fusarium Wilt Management in Chickpea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Khanna ◽  
Kushal Raj ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Chickpea Wilt

Background: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the most important leguminous crop around the world. Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is a major biotic constraint in chickpea production. The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts, fungicides and bio-agents against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris under in vitro and field conditions. Methods: Plant extracts and fungicides were evaluated using poison food technique while antagonistic activity of bio-agents was studied using dual culture technique under in vitro conditions. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different plant extracts, fungicides and bio-agents against Fusarium wilt at Experimental Area of Plant Pathology, CCS HAU, Hisar.Result: Among thirteen plant extracts evaluated in vitro, neem leaves extract was found to be the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris followed by datura leaves’ and garlic cloves’ extract which were statistically at par. Out of six plant extracts tested against Fusarium wilt under field conditions, seed treatment with extracts of neem and datura leaves at 10% concentration were most effective and curtailed the wilt incidence by 39.02 and 34.14% along with 7.55 and 6.83% enhanced seed yield. Among fungicides, carbendazim 50 WP was the most toxic fungicide in restricting colony diameter of the pathogen with the least EC50 and EC90 values of 1.28 and 15.24 ppm a.i. followed by azoxystrobin 23 SC with corresponding values of 1.57 and 49.16 ppm a.i., respectively. Seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP and azoxystrobin 23 SC were superior over other treatments and provided 88.41 and 85.98% reduction in disease incidence along with 12.85 and 10.99% higher seed yield over control. Among the bio-agents tested, T. viride and T. harzianum gave the best results in suppressing the pathogen growth in vitro and in minimizing the disease incidence coupled with improvement in seed yield under field conditions. The present study has provided chemical and non-chemical measures for integrated management of chickpea wilt.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain W19 can Promote Growth and Yield and Suppress Fusarium Wilt in Banana Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Pedosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei WANG ◽  
Zongzhuan SHEN ◽  
Fengge ZHANG ◽  
Waseem RAZA ◽  
Jim YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield

INHIBITION OF THYROGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION BY EXCESS IODIDE. SYNERGISM WITH LITHIUM

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Radvila ◽  
R. Roost ◽  
H. Bürgi ◽  
H. Kohler ◽  
H. Studer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Inhibit Protein Synthesis ◽  
Thyrotrophic Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Excess Iodide ◽  
Kidney Liver

ABSTRACT Lithium and excess iodide inhibit the release of thyroid hormone from preformed stores. We thus tested the hypothesis that this was due to an inhibition of thyroglobulin breakdown. Rats were pre-treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) for 3 weeks in order to deplete their thyroids of thyroglobulin. While the PTU was continued, lithium chloride (0.25 mEq./100 g weight) or potassium iodide (3 mg per rat) were injected every 12 h for 3 days. Thereafter the thyroglobulin content in thyroid gland homogenates was measured. PTU pre-treatment lowered the thyroglobulin content from 4.21 to 0.22 mg/100 mg gland. Lithium caused a marked re-accumulation of thyroglobulin to 0.60 mg/100 mg within 3 days. While iodide alone had only a borderline effect, it markedly potentiated the action of lithium and a combination of the two drugs increased the thyroglobulin content to 1.04 mg/100 mg. Thyroxine was injected into similarly pre-treated animals to suppress secretion of thyrotrophic hormone. This markedly inhibited the proteolysis of thyroglobulin and 1.3 mg/100 mg gland accumulated after 3 days. Excess iodide, given in addition to thyroxine, decreased the amount of thyroglobulin accumulated to 0.75 mg/100 mg gland. To study whether this could be explained by an inhibitory action of iodide on thyroglobulin biosynthesis, thyroid glands from animals treated with excess iodide were incubated in vitro in the presence of 0.2 mm iodide for 3 h. Iodide decreased the incorporation of radioactive leucine into total thyroidal protein and into thyroglobulin by 25 and 35 % respectively. Iodide did not inhibit protein synthesis in the kidney, liver or muscle tissue. Thus, large doses of iodide selectively inhibit thyroglobulin biosynthesis.

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghea Dotulong ◽  
Stella Umboh ◽  
Johanis Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

scholarly journals Is a diluted seawater-based solution safe and effective on human nasal epithelium?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Huang ◽  
Samuel Constant ◽  
Barbara De Servi ◽  
Marisa Meloni ◽  
Amina Saaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Wound Closure ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Nasal Irrigation ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Human Nasal Epithelium ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Purpose Nasal irrigation is an effective method for alleviating several nasal symptoms and regular seawater-based nasal irrigation is useful for maintaining nasal hygiene which is essential for appropriate functioning of the nose and for preventing airborne particles including some pollutants, pathogens, and allergens from moving further in the respiratory system. However, safety studies on seawater-based nasal irrigation are scarce. In this study, the safety and efficacy of a diluted isotonic seawater solution (Stérimar Nasal Hygiene, SNH) in maintaining nasal homeostasis were evaluated in vitro. Methods Safety was assessed by measuring tissue integrity via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Efficacy was measured by mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucin secretion, and tissue re-epithelization (wound repair) assays. All assays were performed using a 3D reconstituted human nasal epithelium model. Results In SNH-treated tissues, TEER values were statistically significantly lower than the untreated tissues; however, the values were above the tissue integrity limit. SNH treatment significantly increased MCC (88 vs. 36 µm/s, p < 0.001) and mucin secretion (1717 vs. 1280 µg/ml, p < 0.001) as compared to untreated cultures. Faster wound closure profile was noted upon pre-SNH treatment as compared to classical isotonic saline solution pre-treatment (90.5 vs. 50.7% wound closure 22 h after wound generation). Conclusion SNH did not compromise the integrity of the nasal epithelium in vitro. Furthermore, SNH was effective for removal of foreign particles through MCC increase and for enhancing wound repair on nasal mucosa.

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