Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry).

A datasheet on Morinda citrifolia covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.

Biological, ecological characteristics, and management of mealybug speciesRastrococcus chinensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.)

Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.), locally known as ba kich, is widely planted in many mountainous provinces in Northern Vietnam for medicinal uses. The mealybug species Rastrococcus chinensis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is considered as the most dangerous insect pest forthe Indian mulberry in Vietnam. R. chinensis developed and reproduced normally at 25oC, but did not reproduce when the temperature reached 30oC. At 25oC, the life cycle was 75.19 days, the adult’s lifespan was about 81 days, the longevity was about 110 days. While at 30oC, the adult’s lifespan shortened to about 26 days with no fertility. The efficacy of azadirachtin + matrine (Golmec 9EC) with R. chinensiswas 73.44% at 7 days and prolonged until 14 days after treatment.

Effects of Plant Extracts and Disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on the Quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Seeds

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Aloe) and Morinda citrifolia L. (Indian mulberry) plant extracts and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 (hydrogen peroxide stabilized with silver ions) on carrot seed quality. The seeds of two carrot cultivars Amsterdam (sample I) and Berlikumer 2 (sample II), were soaked in solutions of Aloe and Indian mulberry extracts and Huva-San TR 50 at concentrations of 0.025 %, 0.05 % and 0.1 % for 30 min. Untreated seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water for 30 min were used as controls. Seed germination was assessed after 7 and 14 days of incubation. The speed and uniformity of seed germination (vigour) were evaluated. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Sample I was characterized by lower germination at the first and the final counts than sample II and higher seed infestation with Alternaria radicina. Treating seeds of sample I with Morinda citrifolia plant extract at concentrations of 0.025 and 0.05 % reduced their infestation with Alternaria alternata and A. radicina, increased germination at the first and the final counts, and did not affect seed vigour. The effects of Aloe extract and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on seed quality parameters varied depending on their concentration. Hence, further studies are necessary to establish the optimal conditions for carrot seed treatment.

Morinda citrifolia (Indian mulberry).

M. citrifolia is a shrub or small tree that in recent years has attained significant economic importance worldwide due to the great variety of health and cosmetic products made from its leaves and fruits. Consequently, it has been extensively introduced in cultivation and can be found cultivated and naturalized across tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Groenendijk, 1991; Nelson, 2006; Orwa et al., 2009; USDA-ARS, 2017). Currently, M. citrifolia is listed as invasive in Cuba, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti (Kairo et al., 2003; Chacon and Saborio, 2012, Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). M. citrifolia is a species that can tolerate and thrive in very harsh conditions. It is well adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions and soil types. It can grow in infertile, acidic, and alkaline soils, and in areas with climates ranging from very dry to very wet. It is also tolerant to fire, waterlogging, wind, shaded conditions (>80% shade) and salt spray (Francis, 2004; Nelson, 2006; PROTA, 2017). For instance, M. citrifolia is one of the first plants to colonize harsh waste areas or lava flows on islands across the Pacific region and is also one of the few species that can thrive beneath the canopy of the allelopathic tree Casuarina equisetifolia (Nelson, 2006). Additionally, M. citrifolia has a deep taproot and an extensive and aggressive root system and once established it is very persistent and difficult to eradicate. Seeds have a distinct air chamber and can retain viability even after floating in water for months, facilitating the wide distribution and occurrence of this species on many seashores worldwide (Nelson, 2006).

STANDARD OPERATIVE PROCEDURE FOR FRORMULATION OF MORINDA CIT-RIFOLIA L. GRANULES

The science of life is the basic meaning of Ayurveda. As like any other medical system, success of treatment also depends upon quality of medicine prescribed to the patient. Standardization of Ayurvedic drugs at various levels starting from the selection and collection of raw materials till the final product. It is essential to produce a safe and efficacious formulation for the needy patients. Preparation of granules is one of modified form of Ghana (solid preparation of herbal extract) and Khanda Kalpana (Solid preparation simi-lar to granules). Present study has elaborated formulation of noni granules with analytical studies conduct-ed as mentioned in Ayurvedic Pharmacopia of India. Noni is the common name of the drug Morinda citri-folia L. and is also called as Indian mulberry. It has been used widely as a complementary and alternative therapy owing to its potent antioxidant property and proven health benefits. As every part of noni plant is useful, it is widely used as Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, Immunomodulant, Analgesic, Antiarthritic, An-tipyretic, Antirheumatic, Antitumours, Antispasmodic, Depurative, Diuretic, Antiemetic, Hypotensive, Fungiscide, Laxative, Litholytic, Sedative, Stomachic. The aim of the study is to form noni granules from noni fruit juice by adding adjuvants in order to improve its palatability and shelf life. The prepared gran-ules have shown good palatability and increased shelf life

Biological control of fusarium root rot of Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) with consortia of agriculturally important microorganisms in Viet Nam

Background Fusarium root rot disease in Indian mulberry (Morinda officinalis How.) (FRRBK), caused by Fusarium proliferatum (FP), is widespread and responsible for serious economic losses in Viet Nam. The efficacy of a new bio-product named MICROTECH-1(NL) is compared with other commercial products for suppression of FP under in vitro, pot, nursery as well as in the field conditions. Results In in vitro antagonistic assay, MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of FP (72.38%). Under pot conditions, the efficacy of all the bio-products was significantly higher when applied prior to pathogen inoculation. The disease severity of treatments with double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (applied both in the nursery and in the pot soil) was only 15.56%, significantly lower than control (80%). Thus, the application of MICROTECH-1(NL) significantly reduced the incidence of FP and markedly increased the number of plant beneficial bacteria and actinobacteria in rhizoplane of M. officinalis compared to untreated control. In the field conditions, double application of MICROTECH-1(NL) (both in the nursery and in the field soils) significantly decreased disease severity in comparison to single application in nursery or field. Conclusion The most effective treatment was double application of MICROTECH-1(NL), which significantly reduced the disease severity and FP population in roots of M. officinalis and increased the population of plant beneficial microbes.

In vitro biological management of Anthracnose disease in Morinda citrifolia Linn.

Morinda citrifolia Linn., also called as Indian mulberry or Noni is a widely used medicinal plant belonging to the family, Rubiaceae. It suffers from severe diseases which hinder the healing properties of the plant. Hence, there is a significant need to prevent and manage the diseases which the plants are prone to. In this paper, we are reporting the in vitro biological control of Anthracnose disease caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in M. citrifolia. The identity of the pathogen was confirmed through microscopic observation and molecular characterization. Furthermore, an in-vitro bioassay was carried out to study the antagonistic effect of Trichoderma virens (J.H. Mill., Giddens & A.A. Foster) Arx. against C. gloeosporioides and the result showed 72.60 % inhibition of C. gloeosporioides by T. virens. Hence, T. virens can be recommended as a potential biocontrol agent against C. gloeosporioides causing Anthracnose disease of M. citrifolia.