scholarly journals Virulence Structure of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Population in Serbia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mirjana Lalošević ◽  
Radivoje Jevtić ◽  
Vesna Župunski ◽  
Stevan Maširević ◽  
Branka Orbović
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Gene Combination ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Most Significant Change ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Important Disease

Powdery mildew is a common, economically important disease in the wheat growing area of Serbia. A large-scale virulence survey of its causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici population was performed in the period 1995–2013. A total of 1013 isolates were recovered from the collected chasmothecial samples. Among them, 862 unique pathotypes were identified using a differential set of 20 wheat lines with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistant genes. The pathogen was highly diverse. Number of virulence genes (virulence complexity) per isolate was large, supporting a constant need to extend the differential set of wheat with newly identified Pm genes. Virulence frequencies to Pm6, Pm7, and Pm5+8 were high throughout the 19-year period, in contrast with that to Pm5+6, which was consistently at a low level. The most significant change in the population was observed for virulence to the Pm2+4b+6 gene combination, with an increasing frequency of virulence to this gene combination over the years. High virulence complexity and genetic diversity of the population are the most influential factors for the damaging epidemics that this pathogen can cause.

Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in Chinese wheat lines Jieyan 94-1-1 and Siyan 94-1-2

Hereditas ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIU QIANG HUANG ◽  
SAI L. K. HSAM ◽  
FRIEDRICH J. ZELLER
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Incidence of powdery mildew on cucurbit plants in Katsina, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 05-09
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Powdery Mildew Disease ◽  
Important Disease

The presence study deals with powdery mildews in various cucurbits in Katsina city (Barhim Estate, Kofar Durbi, Kofar Sauri, Kofar Marusa and Low Cost), Nigeria. The finding shows that the areas infested with powdery mildew is one of the important disease of cucurbits. The Sphaerotheca fuliginea was identified to be the causal organism present on all observed cucurbits in the study. Highest frequency of disease was found in Kofar Sauri(79%) fallowed by Kofar Marusa (68%), Kofar Durbi (66%), Barhim Estate (65%) and the lowest frequency of occurrence of disease was found in Low Cost (55%).The intensity of the disease was moderate to severe in general but it was high in many fields, the area-wise variation was also noticed. On vegetables, the highest frequency of occurrence of powdery mildew disease was observed on L. cylindrica (76.4%) followed by C. moschata (60%), C. sativus (59.3%), C. vulgaris (53.9%) and lowest was found on C. melo (44.4%). The highest intensity of disease was found on C. moschata, followed by L. cylindrica, C. sativus, C. vulgaris and C. melo.

scholarly journals Current and Future Pathotyping Platforms for Plasmodiophora brassicae in Canada

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Heather H. Tso ◽  
Leonardo Galindo-González ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Important Disease

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most detrimental threats to crucifers worldwide and has emerged as an important disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. At present, pathotypes are distinguished phenotypically by their virulence patterns on host differential sets, including the systems of Williams, Somé et al., the European Clubroot Differential set, and most recently the Canadian Clubroot Differential set and the Sinitic Clubroot Differential set. Although these are frequently used because of their simplicity of application, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and can lack sensitivity. Early, preventative pathotype detection is imperative to maximize productivity and promote sustainable crop production. The decreased turnaround time and increased sensitivity and specificity of genotypic pathotyping will be valuable for the development of integrated clubroot management plans, and interest in molecular techniques to complement phenotypic methods is increasing. This review provides a synopsis of current and future molecular pathotyping platforms for P. brassicae and aims to provide information on techniques that may be most suitable for the development of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective pathotyping assays.

scholarly journals Virulence of Oat Crown Rust in Brazil and Uruguay

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 802-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Leonard ◽  
J. A. Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
South American ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Important Disease

Race-specific resistance to crown rust, the most important disease of oat (Avena sativa) in Bra-zil, often fails within a few years of use in Brazilian cultivars. Virulence of 144 isolates of Puccinia coronata from cultivated oat in Brazil in 1997 to 1999 and 36 isolates from Uruguay in 1994-95 and 1998 was tested on a set of 27 oat crown rust differentials lines, each with a different Pc gene for race-specific resistance. Frequencies of virulence and mean virulence complexity were compared among these five collections from Brazil and Uruguay as well as with mean virulence complexity for a collection of 17 isolates from cultivated oat in western Siberia in Russia. Virulence-avirulence for each of the 27 Pc genes was polymorphic in both Brazil and Uruguay. Virulence frequencies were similar for collections from Brazil in 1998 and 1999 and for the collection from Uruguay from 1998, but there were large differences between the 1997 collection and the 1998 and 1999 collections from Brazil. Mean virulence complexity in both Brazil and Uruguay was greater than reported in the United States and much greater than in the Russian collection of P. coronata. A large number of races of P. coronata were found, with no more than five isolates of any race found in a single year in Brazil or Uruguay. The high virulence complexity and great diversity of virulence polymorphisms in Brazil and Uruguay make it unlikely that race-specific resistance can be effective there even though the South American populations of P. coronata are apparently entirely asexual.

scholarly journals A trade off between mlo resistance to powdery mildew and increased susceptibility of barley to a newly important disease, Ramularia leaf spot

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. D. McGrann ◽  
Anna Stavrinides ◽  
Joanne Russell ◽  
Margaret M. Corbitt ◽  
Allan Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Ramularia Leaf Spot ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

scholarly journals Technology Acceptance in Healthcare: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10537
Author(s):  
Adi A. AlQudah ◽  
Mostafa Al-Emran ◽  
Khaled Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Healthcare Technologies

Understanding the factors affecting the use of healthcare technologies is a crucial topic that has been extensively studied, specifically during the last decade. These factors were studied using different technology acceptance models and theories. However, a systematic review that offers extensive understanding into what affects healthcare technologies and services and covers distinctive trends in large-scale research remains lacking. Therefore, this review aims to systematically review the articles published on technology acceptance in healthcare. From a yield of 1768 studies collected, 142 empirical studies have met the eligibility criteria and were extensively analyzed. The key findings confirmed that TAM and UTAUT are the most prevailing models in explaining what affects the acceptance of various healthcare technologies through different user groups, settings, and countries. Apart from the core constructs of TAM and UTAUT, the results showed that anxiety, computer self-efficacy, innovativeness, and trust are the most influential factors affecting various healthcare technologies. The results also revealed that Taiwan and the USA are leading the research of technology acceptance in healthcare, with a remarkable increase in studies focusing on telemedicine and electronic medical records solutions. This review is believed to enhance our understanding through a number of theoretical contributions and practical implications by unveiling the full potential of technology acceptance in healthcare and opening the door for further research opportunities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of resistance to powdery mildew and identification of resistance genes in wheat cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Qiang Bian ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Xin Yu Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Blumeria Graminis ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Wheat Powdery Mildew

Abstract Background: Wheat powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici ( Bgt ), is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that can cause significant yield losses. Growing resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective and eco-soundly strategy to manage the disease. Therefore, a high breeding priority is to identify genes that can be readily used either singly or in combination for effective resistance to powdery mildew and alos in combination with genes for resistance to other diseases. Yunnan Province, with complex and diverse ecological environments and climates, is one of the main wheat growing regions in China. This region provides initial inoculum for starting epidemics of wheat powdery mildew in the region and other regions and thus, plays a key role in the regional and large-scale epidemics of the disease throughout China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate seedling resistance of 69 main wheat cultivars to powdery mildew and to determine the presence of resistance genes Pm3 , Pm8 , Pm13 , Pm16 , and Pm21 in these cultivars using gene specific DNA markers. Results: Evaluation of 69 wheat cultivars with six Bgt isolates showed that only four cultivars were resistant to all tested isolates, indicating that the overall level of powdery mildew resistance of Yunnan wheat cultivars is inadequate. The molecular marker results showed that 27 cultivars likely have at least one of these genes. Six cultivars were found likely to have Pm3 , 18 likely to have Pm8 , 5 likely to have Pm16 , and 3 likely to have Pm21 . No cultivar was found to carry Pm13 . Conclusion: The information on the presence of the Pm resistance genes in Yunnan wheat cultivars can be used in future wheat disease breeding programs. In particular, cultivars carrying Pm21 , which is effective against all Bgt races in China, should be pyramided with other effective genes to developing new cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. Keywords: Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici , Pm gene, molecular markers, wheat

Pathotype Identification and Virulence Variation in Cochliobolus sativus in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Quanjie Yao ◽  
Fengtao Wang ◽  
Yunxing Pang ◽  
Xiaowei Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Geographic Origins ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Wheat Tissues ◽  
Virulence Variation

Spot blotch caused by Cochliobolus sativus has become an important disease in the wheat-growing regions in China due to changes of regional climate, agricultural cultivation pattern and widely growing susceptible wheat varieties. Little information is available about virulence variability and pathogenic specialization of the C. sativus isolates from major wheat-growing regions in China. Here, 12 representative wheat varieties and foundation breeding stocks were selected to characterize the pathotypes of C. sativus isolates from infected wheat plants. Based on the infection phenotypes in the 12 differential genotypes at the seedling stage, 70 Chinese pathotypes were identified from 110 isolates and clustered into three virulence groups. The high virulence isolates were collected from wheat leaves, crowns, and roots, with most (10 of 14) from the Henan province in the Huang-Huai plain. No relationship was evident between virulence variability of C. sativus isolates and their geographic origins or types of diseased wheat tissues. Cochliobolus sativus showed a significant pathogenic specialization in hosts of wheat and barley. Most of the wheat isolates (50 of 65) were avirulent to all the differential barley genotypes, and a few were virulent only to highly susceptible barley genotypes. These results indicated that C. sativus isolates from the wheat-growing regions in China varied considerably for their virulence in wheat varieties, and showed significant pathogenic specialization to the wheat and barley hosts.

A Logit Model for Budget Allocation Subject to Multi Budget Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed A. Bagloee ◽  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Solution Algorithm ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Programming Formulation ◽  
Extended System ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Allocation Process

In a complex and extended system such as a government, the proper allocation of the budget to its sub-entities is always a major challenge. As such for cases like governments, a situation in which multiple budget sources with different concerns available to the sub-entities is common. This study develops an applicable model for large-scale cases in which identifying the flow of capital or budget from (multiple) sources to the sub-entities is sought. Since the influential factors to the allocation process may be mingled with some unknown parameters (as well as known factors) a logit model is developed from past panel data. The logit model is based on the concept of utility, which quantifies the advantage of approaching budget-sources for the sub-entities. Then the budget allocation problem of logit form is written as a mathematical programming formulation for which Successive Coordinate Descent (SCD) method is proposed as the solution algorithm. In this paper, the proposed methodology is tested numerically. The results of this study show there is strong evidence that some of the entities’ properties can be altered in order to achieve a better budget allocation.

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