scholarly journals Caffeine: The Allelochemical Responsible for the Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Thi Thanh PHAM ◽  
Tamer ISMAIL ◽  
Maryia MISHYNA ◽  
Kwame Sarpong APPIAH ◽  
Yosei OIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

The present study aimed to examine the phytotoxic potential of seven Vietnamese tea samples based on the specific and total activity of caffeine and tea extracts on test plants. The sandwich method results indicated that the inhibitory effect of tea samples on the radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce seedlings was dependent on the concentration and type of tea samples, and also the presence of agar soluble allelochemicals. Among the seven tea samples, the leachates from Vinatea-green tea showed the highest inhibition on the radicle growth of lettuce seedlings with 50% suppression at 0.12 mg dry leaves/mL of agar. Caffeine concentration in tea samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) varied from 20.7 to 38.2 µg/mL of dry leaves. The specific activity (EC50 value) of pure caffeine was 75 µg/mL, and the highest total activity of caffeine estimated in Vinatea-green tea was 0.51 [no unit]. Caffeine from green and oolong tea may be considered as one of the contributors to the inhibitory activity of the crude extract. Moreover, the phytotoxicity of pure caffeine and aqueous tea extracts was highly selective on the growth of different plant species. The concentration of caffeine detected from tea farm soil ranged from 0.137 to 0.145 µg/g soil. The results indicated that caffeine might be considered as a promising allelochemical from Vietnamese tea and can be a good candidate for weed management.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Inhibitory Activities and Volatile Active Compounds of 53 Spices and Herbs

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sekine ◽  
Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽  
Majid Azizi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

The inhibitory activities of the leachates and volatiles from 53 plant species (spices and herbs) were evaluated against lettuce (Lactuca sativa “Great Lakes 366”) seedling growth using the sandwich and dish pack methods, respectively. With the sandwich method, parsley (Petroselinum sativum) showed the strongest inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth (77%), followed by tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) (72%). However, caraway (Carum carvi), dill (Anethum graveolens) (seed), laurel (Laurus nobilis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and sage (Salvia officinalis) were the most inhibitory species (100% inhibition of lettuce radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all distance wells) in the dish pack method. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) also showed strong inhibitory activity (100% for radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all 41 and 58 mm distance wells). The headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the main inhibitory active compounds as carvone in caraway and dill (seeds), 1,8-cineole in laurel and cardamom, and borneol in thyme. Both camphor and 1,8-cineole were detected in rosemary and sage, and the total activity evaluation showed that camphor was the major inhibitory compound in rosemary, although both compounds played equal roles in sage.

scholarly journals Angelicin as the Principal Allelochemical in Heracleum sosnowskyi Fruit

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryia Mishyna ◽  
Nikolai Laman ◽  
Valery Prokhorov ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Cold Stratification ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Potential

Distribution patterns of furocoumarins in fruits of the invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. (Sosnowskyi's hogweed) during a cold stratification period were investigated. Angelicin, bergapten, methoxalen and imperatorin were mainly localized in the fruit coats and their content varied depending on the fruit source. Cold stratification treatment (90 days, 2–3°C) reduced the content of furocoumarins in the fruit coats by more than two times, compared with those before stratification. The specific activity of the detected furocoumarins and total activity of crude extracts were evaluated using Lactuca sativa, as acceptor plant. Crude extracts obtained from fruit coats and seeds of H. sosnowskyi suppressed 50% of radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce seedlings at the concentration range of 1.0–1.7 mg/mL. The inhibitory activity of angelicin was proved to be the highest compared with the other tested furocoumarins, and the inhibitory activity of crude extracts could be explained mainly by the presence of angelicin. Both, monocots ( Lolium multiflorum, Phleum pratensis, Festuca pratesis, Lolium perenne) and dicots ( Tripholium repens, Trifolium pretense) were found to be sensitive to the exudates of whole H. sosnowskyi fruits. Thus, we assume, that high inhibitory potential of furocoumarins, especially angelicin, at high seed productivity of H. sosnowskyi might have an ecological significance in plant-plant interaction.

scholarly journals Study of Allelopathic Interaction of Essential Oils from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lettuce

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mirmostafaee ◽  
Majid Azizi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Allelopathic Interaction

Medicinal and aromatic plants have the ability to transmit volatile allelochemicals and affect their surrounding organisms. In this regard, their interaction should also be considered. The inhibitory effects of 112 essential oils on lettuce seed and seedling were investigated by cotton swab method. Germination (G%), Mean germination time (MGT), Lethal of embryo (L%), dormancy (D%), radicle growth (R%), and hypocotyl growth (H%) were measured. Two methods were used for evaluating allelopathic interaction effects: the simplified modified dilution check-board technique (SMCT) and the isobologram. Thymus daenensis had the highest inhibitory effect on G% (IC50 = 2.9 ppm) and the most lethal effect on the embryo (LC50 = 7.2 ppm). Thymus transcaspicus, Dracocephalum moldavica, Artemisia sieberi and Amomum subulatum had the greatest effect on MGT. Ziziphora tenuior, Trachyspermum ammi and Pelargonium graveolens had the highest effect on D%. Origanum vulgare was the strongest growth inhibitor. The highest synergistic effect on G% was in A. subulatum + Mentha suaveolens, on H% was related to Perovskia abrotanoides + T. daenensis, and on R% was observed in Artemisia vulgaris + M. suaveolens. The results of this study can lead to identification of new phytotoxic compounds in EOs and control weeds more effectively.

scholarly journals Collagenase inhibition by water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.) sprout extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Kawaguchi ◽  
Kaori Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Hplc Fraction

Introduction: Collagenase plays an important role in the degradation of dermal matrix proteins leading to wrinkle formation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the inhibitory effect of water-pepper (Polygonum hydropiper L.) sprout extract on the activity of collagenase and to identify the inhibitory compounds.Methods: Collagenase inhibitory activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay. Activity-guided fractionation was performed using liquid-liquid extraction of water and n-butanol and Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fraction collection.Results: A methanolic extract of water-pepper sprout inhibited collagenase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 156.7 μg/mL. Collagenase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 23.5 μg/mL) was found in 50% methanol eluate from the HP-20 column chromatography of the n-butanol soluble fraction. The active compound (IC50 = 1.9 μg/mL) in the eluate was isolated by HPLC and identified as quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperoside) from comparing retention time, UV-Vis absorption, and mass spectra with those of the standard. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed that hyperoside was an uncompetitive inhibitor against collagenase. Hyperoside was also the most abundant flavonoid present in the methanolic extract.Conclusion: These results suggest that water-pepper sprouts could be beneficial as a natural source of collagenase inhibitor which might be used for the treatment of skin aging.

scholarly journals Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive Tridax procumbens

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Andriana ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

ABSTRACT Tridax procumbens is an invasive weed with a strong allelopathic activity. In this study, the contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens was evaluated against Raphanus sativus. Phenolic acids (benzoic, ellagic and ferulic), vanillin and dimethyl sulfone were identified and quantified from the strongest fraction of T. procumbens, in an allelopathic assay by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, expressed as a total activity, was evaluated by comparing the IC50 value to the concentration of each allelochemical, in a completely randomized design. The benzoic acid presented the strongest inhibitory effect (115 mg kg-1) and the highest contribution (0.483) to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, followed by vanillin, dimethyl sulfone and ferulic acid.

scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF A STANDARDIZED HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA BARK ON ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYMEINHIBITORY EFFECT OF A STANDARDIZED HYDROETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF TERMINALIA ARJUNA BARK ON ALPHA-AMYLASE ENZYME

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushant A Shengule ◽  
Sanjay Mishra ◽  
Shweta Bodhale
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Hydroethanolic Extract

 Objective: The present study was initiated to screen the hydroethanolic bark extract for α-amylase inhibitory activity and standardization of the Terminalia arjuna for polyphenolic phytochemicals using high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method.Methods: The T. arjuna bark sample was extracted with ethanol: water (70:30 v/v) using Soxhlet extraction. A Dionex P680 HPLC system was used to acquire chromatograms. The screening of extract of T. arjuna bark has performed for in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. All values were expressed mean ± standard deviation.Results: The content of arjunetin, arjungenin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin was 0.47, 8.22, 2.443, 7.901, and 3.20 mg/g, respectively, in a hydroethanolic extract of T. arjuna. The hydroethanolic extract of T. arjuna bark and acarbose has shown an inhibitory activity with an IC50 value 145.90 and 62.35 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: The hydroethanolic extract T. arjuna bark demonstrates α-amylase inhibitory activity due to a synergistic effect of the phytochemical constituents present in it. This study suggests that one of the mechanisms of this plant for antidiabetic activity is through the inhibition of α-amylase enzyme.

scholarly journals The inhibition of growth by chemical compounds

1942 ◽  
Vol 130 (860) ◽  
pp. 255-299 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Usual Sense ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Derivatives Of

In an extended investigation of the growth-inhibitory activity of carcinogenic compounds and related substances, over two hundred compounds were tested, including various 5-, 10- and 9 : 10-substituted benzanthracenes, dimethyl derivatives of anthracene, nitrogenous analogues of 1 : 2-benzanthracene, benzphenothiazines and dibenzphenothiazines, compounds related to 3 : 4-benzphenanthrene, dibenzfluorenes, dibenzcarbazoles, dibenzpyrenes, azonaphthalenes and related products, naphthylam ines and naphthaquinones, arsenonaphthalenes, derivatives of triphenylethylene, and diphenyl derivatives of indene, β -naphthindole and β -naphthofuran. A striking degree of correspondence was often shown by the inhibitory and carcinogenic activity of closely related com pounds (e. g. 5-alkyl benzanthracenes; dibenzfluorenes; dibenzphenanthrenes; 2 : 2'-azonaphthalene, 2 : 2'-diamino -1 : 1'-dinaphthyl and 3 : 4 : 5 : 6-dibenzcarbazole). However, no inhibitory activity was observed for certain carcinogenic 10- and 9 : 10- substituted benzanthracenes. On the other hand, inhibitory activity was noted in a few compounds (e. g. 1 : 2'-azonaphthalene) which have yielded few or no tum ours in exhaustive tests, and in some of a group of synthetic oestrogenic compounds which, although not carcinogenic in the usual sense, are nevertheless associated with the induction of individual types of tum our under special conditions. The relation between molecular structure and inhibitory activity depends in general upon an optimal degree of molecular complexity and upon certain more specific requirements. Nevertheless, the results obtained with derivatives of triphenylethylene suggest that inhibitory activity may still be shown by compounds diverging widely from the polycyclic structure and possessing only a skeletal resemblance. Diminution of inhibitory effect with increased substituent size was shown in the 5-alkyl benzanthracenes tested, although the same relation does not necessarily obtain for other positions. The influence of the nature of the substituent is seen (for example) in the contrast between 10-methyl-, 10-amino- and 10-cyano-l: 2-benzanthracene (inhibitory) and 10-isopropyl - 1:2-benzanthracene (inactive). Lastly, numerous experiments indicated that solubilization of an active compound usually entails decrease of activity, although certain apparent exceptions were encountered. In addition to the relationship between inhibitory activity and carcinogenicity, and that between both biological properties and chemical structure, consideration is also given to the mode of production of the inhibitory effect.

Purification of isopenicillin N synthetase from Streptomyces clavuligerus

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 953-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Jensen ◽  
Brenda K. Leskiw ◽  
Leo. C. Vining ◽  
Yair Aharonowitz ◽  
Donald W. S. Westlake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Streptomyces Clavuligerus ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Isopenicillin N Synthetase ◽  
Isopenicillin N

Isopenicillin N synthetase was purified from Streptomyces clavuligerus by sequential salt precipitation, ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography using both conventional open column and high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques. Material from the final purification step had a specific activity of 204.1 × 10−3 units/mg of protein which represented a 130-fold purification over the cell-free extract. The purified isopenicillin N synthetase was determined to have a molecular weight of 33 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and to have a Km of 0.32 mM with respect to its substrate δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine. The enzyme showed a sensitivity to thiol-specific inhibitors with N-ethylmaleimide giving the strongest inhibitory effect.

scholarly journals Kappacin, a Novel Antibacterial Peptide from Bovine Milk

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Malkoski ◽  
Stuart G. Dashper ◽  
Neil M. O'Brien-Simpson ◽  
Gert H. Talbo ◽  
Mary Macris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Inhibitory Peptide ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

ABSTRACT Caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is a heterogeneous C-terminal fragment (residues 106 to 169) of bovine milk κ-casein composed of glycosylated and phosphorylated forms of different genetic variants. We have demonstrated that CMP has growth-inhibitory activity against the oral opportunistic pathogens Streptococcus mutans andPorphyromonas gingivalis and against Escherichia coli. CMP was fractionated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and each fraction was tested for activity against S. mutans in a 96-well-plate broth assay. Fractions were characterized by N-terminal sequence analysis and mass spectrometry. The active form of CMP was shown to be the nonglycosylated, phosphorylated κ-casein (residues 106 to 169) [κ-casein(106–169)], which we have designated kappacin. Endoproteinase Glu-C was used to hydrolyze CMP, and the generated peptides were separated using RP-HPLC and gel filtration-HPLC and then tested for activity against S. mutans. The peptide Ser(P)149κ-casein-A(138–158) was the only peptide generated by endoproteinase Glu-C digestion that exhibited growth-inhibitory activity. Peptides corresponding to the sequences of the inhibitory peptide Ser(P)149κ-casein-A(138–158) and its nonphosphorylated counterpart κ-casein-A(138–158) were chemically synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. The synthetic Ser(P)149 κ-casein-A(138–158) displayed growth-inhibitory activity against S. mutans(MIC, 59 μg/ml [26 μM]). The nonphosphorylated peptide, however, did not inhibit growth at the concentrations tested, indicating that phosphorylation is essential for activity.

scholarly journals Growth control in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts II. Molecular properties of a fraction enriched in growth inhibitory activity.

1982 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A Steck ◽  
J Blenis ◽  
P G Voss ◽  
J L Wang
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Cultured Fibroblasts ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

Treatment of sparse, proliferating cultures of 3T3 cells with medium conditioned by exposure to density-inhibited 3T3 cultures resulted in an inhibition of growth and division in the target cells when compared to similar treatment with unconditioned medium. This growth inhibitory activity was fractionated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration, yielding one fraction that was 35-fold enriched in specific activity. Analysis of the chemical and biological properties of this highly active fraction indicated that: (a) it is an endogenous cell product, synthesized by the 3T3 cells and shed into the medium; (b) it is a protein and its activity is sensitive to treatment with pronase; (c) the constituent polypeptide chains have molecular weights of 10,000 and 13,000; and (d) it is not cytotoxic and its effect on target cells are reversible. These results suggest that we have partially purified from conditioned medium an endogenous growth regulatory factor that may play a role in density-dependent inhibition of growth in cultured fibroblasts. We propose the term Fibroblast Growth Regulator to describe this class of molecules.

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