scholarly journals Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive Tridax procumbens

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Andriana ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

ABSTRACT Tridax procumbens is an invasive weed with a strong allelopathic activity. In this study, the contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens was evaluated against Raphanus sativus. Phenolic acids (benzoic, ellagic and ferulic), vanillin and dimethyl sulfone were identified and quantified from the strongest fraction of T. procumbens, in an allelopathic assay by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, expressed as a total activity, was evaluated by comparing the IC50 value to the concentration of each allelochemical, in a completely randomized design. The benzoic acid presented the strongest inhibitory effect (115 mg kg-1) and the highest contribution (0.483) to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, followed by vanillin, dimethyl sulfone and ferulic acid.

scholarly journals PSIII-23 Nutrient and Maillard reaction product concentrations of commercially available pet foods and treats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 273-274
Author(s):  
Patricia M Oba ◽  
Nagait Hwisa ◽  
Xinhe Huang ◽  
Keith Cadwallader ◽  
Kelly S Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Maillard Reaction ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract Exposing ingredients to high temperatures may result in chemical reactions between amino acids and sugars, leading to the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRPs). These products may result in altered palatability, protein quality, and digestibility. This experiment quantified key MRPs in commercial pet foods, estimated daily intake of MRPs of pet animals, and correlated MRPs with macronutrient concentrations present in the foods. The analysis included 53 pet foods and treats commercially available in the United States: 11 dry dog foods, 29 wet dog foods, 2 dry dog treats, 3 wet dog treats, 2 dry cat foods, and 6 wet cat foods. Diets and treats were analyzed for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), acid-hydrolyzed fat, total dietary fiber, and gross energy using standard techniques. MRPs were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. All data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the GLM procedure of SAS 9.4. On average, wet foods had higher (P < 0.001) fructoselysine (FRUC) and carboxymethyllysine (CML) than dry foods. Dry dog treats had the highest (P < 0.001) FRUC (29.64 µg/g) and CML (0.47 mg/g) concentrations of all products tested. Dry cat foods had the lowest (P < 0.001) CML (0.10 mg/g) concentrations of all commercial segments. Wet dog treats had the highest (P < 0.001) 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) (10.92 µg/g) concentrations of all segments and wet cat foods had the lowest (P < 0.001) HMF (0.22 µg/g) content. Dogs and cats fed wet diets would be more likely to ingest higher amounts of CML and FRUC compared to animals fed dry diets. Dogs consuming dry treats would be more likely to ingest higher amounts of CML than wet treats. CP was negatively correlated to HMF (P = 0.0425; r = -0.27973), while TSF was positively correlated to CML (P = 0.0417; r = 0.28080).

scholarly journals Plant Growth Inhibitory Activities and Volatile Active Compounds of 53 Spices and Herbs

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sekine ◽  
Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽  
Majid Azizi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

The inhibitory activities of the leachates and volatiles from 53 plant species (spices and herbs) were evaluated against lettuce (Lactuca sativa “Great Lakes 366”) seedling growth using the sandwich and dish pack methods, respectively. With the sandwich method, parsley (Petroselinum sativum) showed the strongest inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth (77%), followed by tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) (72%). However, caraway (Carum carvi), dill (Anethum graveolens) (seed), laurel (Laurus nobilis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and sage (Salvia officinalis) were the most inhibitory species (100% inhibition of lettuce radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all distance wells) in the dish pack method. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) also showed strong inhibitory activity (100% for radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all 41 and 58 mm distance wells). The headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the main inhibitory active compounds as carvone in caraway and dill (seeds), 1,8-cineole in laurel and cardamom, and borneol in thyme. Both camphor and 1,8-cineole were detected in rosemary and sage, and the total activity evaluation showed that camphor was the major inhibitory compound in rosemary, although both compounds played equal roles in sage.

scholarly journals Caffeine: The Allelochemical Responsible for the Plant Growth Inhibitory Activity of Vietnamese Tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Thi Thanh PHAM ◽  
Tamer ISMAIL ◽  
Maryia MISHYNA ◽  
Kwame Sarpong APPIAH ◽  
Yosei OIKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Growth Inhibitory Activity

The present study aimed to examine the phytotoxic potential of seven Vietnamese tea samples based on the specific and total activity of caffeine and tea extracts on test plants. The sandwich method results indicated that the inhibitory effect of tea samples on the radicle and hypocotyl growth of lettuce seedlings was dependent on the concentration and type of tea samples, and also the presence of agar soluble allelochemicals. Among the seven tea samples, the leachates from Vinatea-green tea showed the highest inhibition on the radicle growth of lettuce seedlings with 50% suppression at 0.12 mg dry leaves/mL of agar. Caffeine concentration in tea samples analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) varied from 20.7 to 38.2 µg/mL of dry leaves. The specific activity (EC50 value) of pure caffeine was 75 µg/mL, and the highest total activity of caffeine estimated in Vinatea-green tea was 0.51 [no unit]. Caffeine from green and oolong tea may be considered as one of the contributors to the inhibitory activity of the crude extract. Moreover, the phytotoxicity of pure caffeine and aqueous tea extracts was highly selective on the growth of different plant species. The concentration of caffeine detected from tea farm soil ranged from 0.137 to 0.145 µg/g soil. The results indicated that caffeine might be considered as a promising allelochemical from Vietnamese tea and can be a good candidate for weed management.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Eryngium campestre L. via Shoot Culture Provides Valuable Uniform Plant Material with Enhanced Content of Phenolic Acids and Antimicrobial Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kikowska ◽  
Barbara Thiem ◽  
Elwira Sliwinska ◽  
Monika Rewers ◽  
Mariusz Kowalczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tlc Analysis

AbstractAn efficient micropropagation protocol for production of genetically uniform clones ofEryngium campestreL. was developed. To determine the effect of nutritional and hormonal factors on shoot and root development and bioactive compounds production, three variants of media differing in the content of macro- and micronutrients, as well as plant growth regulators of various types and concentrations were tested. The highest regeneration (100%), with over 13 shoots per explant, was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg l−1benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l−1indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The in vitro derived shoots multiplied through axillary bud formation were rooted and transferred to an experimental plot with 78% frequency of survival. Flow cytometry showed no variation in nuclear DNA between the seedlings and micropropagated plants. Preliminary thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis indicated that phenolic acids, saponins, flavonoids and acetylenes were present in plant biomass. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed that shoots and roots from in vitro derived plants and root cultures maintained the ability to produce rosmarinic acid (RA), rosmarinic acid hexoside (RA-HEX) and chlorogenic acid (CGA). The highest phenolic acid content was detected in roots of in vitro regenerated plants. The extract from those roots expressed the highest inhibitory effect against bacteriaStaphylococcus aureus, as well as dermatophytesTrichophyton mentagrophytesandT. rubrum.

scholarly journals Essential oil of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. influences the germination, vigor and emergence of lettuce seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-425
Author(s):  
Leonardo Antonio Thiesen ◽  
Denise Schmidt ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽  
Ezequiel Holz ◽  
Bruna Stringari Altissimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Environment Experiment

Secondary metabolites are produced by certain plant species and may influence the development of some species through the action of allelopathic effects. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of Lippia alba essential oil on the germination, emergence and vigor of seedlings of different batches of lettuce seeds. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 3´5 factorial scheme consisting of three batches of seeds of the cultivar Grand Rapids® and five doses of L. alba essential oil (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%) diluted in distilled water and homogenized in Tween® 80. Seed germination and vigor, in the laboratory (experiment I), and emergence, in a protected environment (experiment II), were evaluated. The results demonstrated that there was an inhibitory effect with a significant reduction of germination, vigor and seed emergence when L. alba essential oil was added starting at concentrations of 0.25%. The essential oil showed allelopathic potential over different lettuce seed lots, affecting germination, vigor and seed emergence.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on Germination and Growth of Some Important Crops and Weeds of Economic Importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HASSAN ◽  
H.U. RASHID ◽  
A. AMIN ◽  
I.A. KHAN ◽  
N. SHEHZAD
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: Parthenium hysterophorus being a declared invasive weed worldwide is threatening the biodiversity of Pakistan. To study its allelopathic potential, laboratory and pots based studies were undertaken during July-August and October-November, 2010 in Weed Research Laboratory, Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of parthenium on crops Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica campestris, and weeds including Avena fatua, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Lolium rigidum The fresh leaves of P.hysterophorus were dried in shade and grinded. The desired quantity of powder was soaked for 16 hr. in the desired quantity of water to make the stock solution of the maximum concentration viz. 75 g L-1. Five seeds of each species were placed in Petri dishes and in pots, extracts were applied when needed. Control (0 g L-1) was also included for comparison. Both experiments were laid out as Factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and two runs each. Since the statistical differences between the runs were non-significant the data were pooled before subjecting it to ANOVA and mean separation. The differences among the test species and the rates of parthenium extracts were different statistically (P?0.05) for all the traits examined, while for the species x parthenium concentration interaction, the differences were only significant (P?0.05) for plant height in the pot experiment. The results showed that with the increasing concentration of P. hysterophorus, all the parameters studied in the six test species were significantly decreased. Hence, the present study suggests that P. hysterophorus affects the agro-ecosystem and needs to be properly managed, moreover, its allelopathy on weeds is an encouraging finding for the weed managers for the sustainable management of weeds.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
McMaster Vambe ◽  
Adeyemi O. Aremu ◽  
Jude C. Chukwujekwu ◽  
Jiri Gruz ◽  
Andrea Luterová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
South African ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Ms Analysis

Protea caffra is used as a diarrhoeal remedy in South African herbal medicine, however, its pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In the present study, extracts from different Protea caffra organs were screened against drug-sensitive and -resistant diarrhoeagenic pathogens using the microdilution assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). Twig extracts (70% methanol, MeOH) of the plant were purified and the resultant fractions screened for antibacterial properties (MIC). The chemical profiles of the fractions were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the phenolic acids in the plant. The mutagenic properties of bioactive extracts were assessed using the Ames test. The extracts demonstrated weak-moderate antibacterial properties (MIC: 0.3–0.6 mg/mL). A cold ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH twig extract exhibited significant antibacterial properties (MIC = 0.078 mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of antibacterial compounds (1-adamantane carboxylic acid, heptacosanol, levoglucosan, nonadecanol) in the plant was putatively confirmed based on GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed varying concentrations of phenolic acids (0.08–374.55 µg/g DW). Based on the Ames test, the extracts were non-mutagenic thereby suggesting their safety. To a certain degree, the current study supports the traditional use of Protea caffra to manage diarrhoea among local communities in South Africa.

scholarly journals Variation in allelopathic tolerance of vetch cultivars to Sorghum halepense L. (Pers.) extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Natalia Georgieva ◽  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Valentin Kosev
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Randomized Design

Using allelopathic tolerance of crops and cultivars is considered a promising supplement to weed control strategies. In order to evaluate the allelopathic tolerance of vetch cultivars to Sorghum halepense extracts in germination and initial growth of the crop, a multi-factorial lab experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental factors were nine vetch cultivars (?Liya?, ?Lorina?, ?Moldovskaya?, ?Obrazets 666?, ?Asko?, ?Violeta?, ?Viola?, ?Beta WP?, and ?Panonskaya?), two aqueous extracts (of shoot and root biomass of S. halepense) and four concentrations of the extracts (1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0% and distilled water as a control). An analysis of variance showed a significant influence of the studied factors. The results revealed variation in responses of the nine cultivars to the allelopathic effect of S. halepense. The extracts applied at different concentrations had a significant inhibitory effect on seed germination (from 2.8 to 27.3% for different cultivars), germ length (from 4.6 to 48.7%) and germ weight (from 3.6 to 34.0%). The lowest concentration (1.0%) also had a stimulating effect on growth parameters, most pronouncedly in two cultivars (?Beta WP? and ?Viola?). Total effects of the weed extracts on seed germination and initial development selected ?Beta WP?, ?Violeta? and ?Obrazets 666? as the most tolerant cultivars, as opposed to ?Liya? and ?Panonskaya?, which were more sensitive. The cultivars with seeds that have greater biomass per 1000 seeds, higher seedling vigour index and protein content were found to be less sensitive to the suppressing effect of S. halepense extracts. These cultivars can be successfully used in organic fields with high density of S. halepense or in a conventional production system with a reduced use of herbicides.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-tyrosinase, Anti-α-amylase, and Cytotoxic Potentials of the Invasive Weed Andropogon virginicus

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
La Hoang Anh ◽  
Nguyen Van Quan ◽  
Vu Quang Lam ◽  
Yu Iuchi ◽  
Akiyoshi Takami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Andropogon Virginicus

Andropogon virginicus is an invasive weed that seriously threatens agricultural production and economics worldwide. In this research, dried aerial parts of A. virginicus were extracted, applying Soxhlet and liquid-liquid phase methods to acquire the total crude (T-Anvi), hexane (H-Anvi), ethyl acetate (E-Anvi), butanol (B-Anvi), and water (W-Anvi) extracts, respectively. In which, T-Anvi contains the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (24.80 mg gallic acid and 37.40 mg rutin equivalents per g dry weight, respectively). Via anti-radical (ABTS and DPPH), and reducing power assays, E-Anvi exhibits the most potent activities (IC50 = 13.96, 43.59 and 124.11 µg/mL, respectively), stronger than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), a standard antioxidant, while the lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect of E-Anvi (LPI = 90.85% at the concentration of 500 µg/mL) is close to BHT. E-Anvi shows the most substantial inhibition (IC50 = 2.58 mg/mL) on tyrosinase. Notably, α-amylase is significantly suppressed by H-Anvi (IC50 = 0.72 mg/mL), over twice stronger than the positive control, palmitic acid. In the cytotoxic assay, E-Anvi is the strongest extract inhibiting K562 cells (IC50 = 112.01 µg/mL). Meanwhile, T-Anvi shows the highest prevention on Meg-01 expansion (IC50 = 91.40 µg/mL). Dominant compounds detected in E-Anvi by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) are identified as flavonoids. However, among four major compounds identified in H-Anvi by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), palmitic acid and phytol are the most abundant compounds with peak areas of 27.97% and 16.42%, respectively. In essence, this is the first report describing that A. virginicus is a potential natural source of antioxidants, tyrosinase and α-amylase inhibitors, and anti-chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) agents which may be useful in future therapeutics as promising alternative medicines.

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