scholarly journals Genetic Mapping Reveals Large-Effect QTL for Anther Extrusion in CIMMYT Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quddoos H. Muqaddasi ◽  
Jochen C. Reif ◽  
Marion S. Röder ◽  
Bhoja R. Basnet ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Anther Extrusion

Hybrid breeding facilitates the exploitation of heterosis and it can result in significant genetic gains and increased crop yields. Inefficient cross-pollination is a major limiting factor that hampers hybrid wheat seed production. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of anther extrusion (AE), which is an important trait in increasing cross-pollination, and thus improving seed set on the female lines and hybrid wheat seed production. We studied 300 segregating F2 plants and F2:3 families that result from a cross of two elite spring wheat lines. We observed that F2 and F2:3 populations hold significant and continuous genetic variation for AE, which suggests its reliable phenotypic selection. Composite interval mapping detected three quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 3A, 5A, and 5D. The QTL on chromosome 5A (i.e., QAe.cimmyt-5A) was of large-effect, being consistently identified across generations, and spanned over 25 cM. Our study shows that (1) AE possesses strong genetic control (heritability), and (2) the QTL QAe.cimmyt-5A that imparted on an average of 20% of phenotypic variation can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. In addition, pyramiding the large-effect QTL for MAS could efficiently complement the phenotypic selection since it is relatively easy and cheap to visually phenotype AE. This study reports the first large-effect QTL for AE in spring wheat, endorsing the use of this analysis in current hybrid wheat breeding and future Mendelization for the detection of underlying gene(s).

scholarly journals Hybrid breeding in wheat: technologies to improve hybrid wheat seed production

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (18) ◽  
pp. 5411-5428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Whitford ◽  
Delphine Fleury ◽  
Jochen C. Reif ◽  
Melissa Garcia ◽  
Takashi Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed

Analysis of the Influence of the Application of Effective Microorganisms on the Dynamics of Spring Wheat Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 684-693
Author(s):  
Anna Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Microbial Preparation

Deterioration of the natural environment as a result of violation of its natural structures and self-regulatory mechanisms causes an urgent need to replace chemicals with effective and multidirectional biopreparations. Reduction of the amount of chemicals used in agriculture becomes possible through the use of Effective Microorganisms. This will reduce the burden on the environment. Agriculture that uses EM technology can count on help with germination rates; emergence uniformity; and crop yields, for example. EM formulations contain a mixture of different coexisting microorganisms. The following paper presents the results of own research on the use of Effective Microorganisms in seed dressing of spring wheat. It was shown that the microbial preparation EM Naturally Active affects the increase of wheat seed germination dynamics.

scholarly journals Split-gene system for hybrid wheat seed production

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (25) ◽  
pp. 9097-9102 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kempe ◽  
M. Rubtsova ◽  
M. Gils
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Split Gene

Hybrid Wheat seed Production Methods for North Dakota 1

Crop Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Miller ◽  
K. A. Lucken
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Production Methods

Out-crossing rates for 10 Canadian spring wheat cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Wheat Market ◽  
Single Spike ◽  
Isolation Distance ◽  
Market Class

The genetic purity of pedigreed wheat seed can be compromised by inter-cultivar cross-pollination. Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is assumed to be highly self-pollinated, an assumption that has not been verified for more recent western Canadian spring wheat cultivars. This field study was designed to estimate the outcrossing (OC) rate in three market classes of spring wheat in each of 2 yr and to determine whether OC rates were associated with specific spike characteristics. Highest OC rates were detected for the cultivar Oslo (6.05%) followed by Rongotea (2.30%), Roblin (1.43%), Wildcat (1.35%), Biggar (1.05%) and Glenlea (0.95%). In contrast Katepwa and CDC Makwa had OC rates of 0.38 and 0.30%, respectively. The cultivars Oslo, Columbus, Roblin and Glenlea tended to have lower iodine pollen viabilities. Of those four cultivars, three had higher-than-average OC rates. No single spike characteristic was correlated with OC rate. However, the cultivars Oslo, Wildcat and Glenlea had high OC rates, low pollen staining and spikes which tapered at the extremeties. Furthermore, cultivars with higher OC rates tended to have a greater degree of spikelet opening at anthesis. The high levels of OC observed in this study could result in obvious off-types if morphologically diverse cultivars were grown in adjacent pedigreed seed fields. The current 3 to 10 m isolation distance for pedigreed wheat seed production may not be enough to ensure that OC is minimized. Key words: Cross-pollination, spring wheat, market class

Hybrid Hard Red Spring Wheat Seed Production Potential

1988 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Howey ◽  
L. A. Spilde ◽  
I. B. Edwards ◽  
W. J. Laskar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat

scholarly journals Phenotyping Anther Extrusion of Wheat Using Image Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Zachary James Winn ◽  
Dylan Lee Larkin ◽  
Jamison Trey Murry ◽  
David Earl Moon ◽  
Richard Esten Mason
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Phenotyping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is time-consuming and new methods are necessary to decrease labor. To develop a heterotic pool of male wheat lines for hybrid breeding, there must be an efficient way to measure both anther extrusion and the size of anthers. Five hundred and ninety-four soft red winter wheat lines in two replications of randomized complete block design were phenotyped for anther extrusion, a key trait for hybrid wheat production. A device was constructed to capture images using a mobile device. Four heads were sampled per line when anthesis was evident for half the heads in the plot. The extruded anthers were scraped onto a surface, their image was captured, and the area of the anthers was taken via ImageJ. The number of anthers extruded was estimated by counting the number of anthers per image and dividing by the number of heads sampled. The area per anther was taken by dividing the area of anthers per spike by the number of anthers per spike. A significant correlation (R=0.9, p<0.0001) was observed between the area of anthers per spike and the number of anthers per spike. This method is proposed as a substitute for field ratings of anther extrusion and to quantitatively measure the size of anthers.

scholarly journals Spikelet movements, anther extrusion and pollen production in wheat cultivars with contrasting tendencies to cleistogamy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Zajączkowska ◽  
Bożena Denisow ◽  
Barbara Łotocka ◽  
Alicja Dołkin-Lewko ◽  
Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska
Keyword(s):  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Cross Hybridization ◽  
Pollen Dispersion ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Anther Extrusion

Abstract Background Cleistogamic flowers are a main barrier in pollen dispersal for cross-pollination necessary in wheat hybrid breeding. The aim of our study was to gain new knowledge on the biology of wheat flowering, in particular on the differences between the cleisto- and chasmogamic forms which has certainly cognitive significance, but it can also be used in practice when seeking a female and male ideotypes for cross hybridization. Results We characterized the most significant features defining the flowering specificity in two wheat cultivars with contrasting tendency to cleistogamy: Piko (chasmogamous) and Dacanto (cleistogamous). In the field observations we assessed diurnal pattern of anther extrusion and anther extrusion capacity. For the first time we adapted the time lapse method for measuring kinetics of the spikelet movement and 3-D image correlation technique for the non-invasive measurements of potential deformations of the spikelet lemmas. We found that the two cultivars differ in the potential of pollen dispersion for-cross-pollination and in the spikelet kinetics. We also described some anatomical traits that can have potential functional role in floret opening. None of the cultivars showed any symptoms of lemma surface deformation. Conclusions The cleistogamic and chasmogamic wheat cultivars differ significantly in the potential for pollen dispersion for cross-pollination, which is mainly related to anther extrusion capacity. Although none of these features differentiated the cultivars clearly, we assume, based on spikelet kinetics and the lack of lemmas surface deformation, that the water transport and turgor of cells is essential for the floret opening and anther extrusion in wheat. The search for parental ideotype should be supported by marker assisted selection, e.g. based of polymorphisms in genes related to aquaporin biosynthesis.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association and Prediction of Male and Female Floral Hybrid Potential Traits in Elite Spring Bread Wheat Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Samira El Hanafi ◽  
Souad Cherkaoui ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Ayed Al-Abdallat ◽  
Wuletaw Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Anther Extrusion

Hybrid wheat breeding is one of the most promising technologies for further sustainable yield increases. However, the cleistogamous nature of wheat displays a major bottleneck for a successful hybrid breeding program. Thus, an optimized breeding strategy by developing appropriate parental lines with favorable floral trait combinations is the best way to enhance the outcrossing ability. This study, therefore, aimed to dissect the genetic basis of various floral traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) and to assess the potential of genome-wide prediction (GP) for anther extrusion (AE), visual anther extrusion (VAE), pollen mass (PM), pollen shedding (PSH), pollen viability (PV), anther length (AL), openness of the flower (OPF), duration of floret opening (DFO) and stigma length. To this end, we employed 196 ICARDA spring bread wheat lines evaluated for three years and genotyped with 10,477 polymorphic SNP. In total, 70 significant markers were identified associated to the various assessed traits at FDR ≤ 0.05 contributing a minor to large proportion of the phenotypic variance (8–26.9%), affecting the traits either positively or negatively. GWAS revealed multi-marker-based associations among AE, VAE, PM, OPF and DFO, most likely linked markers, suggesting a potential genomic region controlling the genetic association of these complex traits. Of these markers, Kukri_rep_c103359_233 and wsnp_Ex_rep_c107911_91350930 deserve particular attention. The consistently significant markers with large effect could be useful for marker-assisted selection. Genomic selection revealed medium to high prediction accuracy ranging between 52% and 92% for the assessed traits with the least and maximum value observed for stigma length and visual anther extrusion, respectively. This indicates the feasibility to implement genomic selection to predict the performance of hybrid floral traits with high reliability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document