scholarly journals Phenotyping Anther Extrusion of Wheat Using Image Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Zachary James Winn ◽  
Dylan Lee Larkin ◽  
Jamison Trey Murry ◽  
David Earl Moon ◽  
Richard Esten Mason
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Phenotyping wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is time-consuming and new methods are necessary to decrease labor. To develop a heterotic pool of male wheat lines for hybrid breeding, there must be an efficient way to measure both anther extrusion and the size of anthers. Five hundred and ninety-four soft red winter wheat lines in two replications of randomized complete block design were phenotyped for anther extrusion, a key trait for hybrid wheat production. A device was constructed to capture images using a mobile device. Four heads were sampled per line when anthesis was evident for half the heads in the plot. The extruded anthers were scraped onto a surface, their image was captured, and the area of the anthers was taken via ImageJ. The number of anthers extruded was estimated by counting the number of anthers per image and dividing by the number of heads sampled. The area per anther was taken by dividing the area of anthers per spike by the number of anthers per spike. A significant correlation (R=0.9, p<0.0001) was observed between the area of anthers per spike and the number of anthers per spike. This method is proposed as a substitute for field ratings of anther extrusion and to quantitatively measure the size of anthers.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Sifat Kuantitatif Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) di Dataran Menengah

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Sartika Widowati ◽  
Nurul Khumaida ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie ◽  
Dan Trikoesoemaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weight Number

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Indonesia is one of the largest wheat importers. Suitable environmental condition for wheat needs to be studied if wheat is going to be widely cultivated in Indonesia. The adaptability of wheat grown in various climates and altitudes is one of the important aspects. The objective of this experiment was to study the quantitative and morphological character of wheat grown in middle land (540 m asl) in Bogor, West Java. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Wheat genotypes used were three national varieties (Nias, Selayar, and Dewata), four new improved varieties (Guri 3 Agritan, Guri 4 Agritan, Guri 5 Agritan, and Guri 6 Unand), and one introduced genotype (SBD). Data were collected for several quantitative variables and seventeen morphological characters based on UPOV descriptor. The result showed that wheat growth was restricted in Bogor. Genotype determined plant height, leaf number, ear length, root length, number of spikelet, harvest time, seed weight, number of tillers, and plant biomass. Based on ear length, grain weight, and plant biomass, Guri 3 Agritan had the highest production than the other genotypes.<br /><br />Keywords: diversity, genetic relationship, high temperature, introduced genotype, phylogenetic<br /><br />

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

scholarly journals The Effect of Type and Method of Immobilizing Bacillus Megaterium Bacteria Inoculation in Increasing Potassium Available and Growth of Wheat Plant Triticum Aestivum L

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Abdullah K.J. Al-Jubouri ◽  
Hajar A. H. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Comparative Treatment

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at the second agricultural research and experiment station of the College of Agriculture, Muthanna University, for the 2019-2020 agricultural season, with the randomized complete block design RCBD, using two factors and three repeats, that’s to study the effect of adding the bio inoculant from Bacillus megaterium bacteria, and when loaded the bacterium with the immobilization inoculation technology on zeolite, sodium alginate, Agarose and bentonite and it’s symboled of M0, M1, M2 and M3 respectively to compare its efficiency in increasing potassium available and growth of wheat plant variety Eba’a 99. The experiment included two comparison treatments, the first being B0 without the addition of the bacterial inoculant and the second comparative treatment being B1 adding the bacterial vaccine. At the end of the experiment, potassium concentration was estimated in soil after cultivation. The results showed a clear moral effect of the use of the immobilized bacterial inoculant in Nitrogen available at a 15.65 (mg N kg−1 soil) and with an increase of 17.14%, Potassium available at a 289.2 (mg K kg−1 soil) and an increase of 6.79%, and the plant height was a rate of 84.87 cm and an increase of 9.41% and bio yield at 810.25 kg dunum−1 and an increase of 34.98%.

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924
Author(s):  
G.C. Wilson ◽  
N. Soltani ◽  
C.J. Swanton ◽  
F.J. Tardif ◽  
D.E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m-2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m-2, respectively. Furthermore, volunteer wheat competition reduced total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, plant and ear height and yield by 5% with densities of 5.1 to 6.0 plants m-2 compared with the weed-free control. The level of competitiveness was dependent on the density of volunteer wheat.

scholarly journals Genetic Mapping Reveals Large-Effect QTL for Anther Extrusion in CIMMYT Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quddoos H. Muqaddasi ◽  
Jochen C. Reif ◽  
Marion S. Röder ◽  
Bhoja R. Basnet ◽  
Susanne Dreisigacker
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hybrid Wheat ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Anther Extrusion

Hybrid breeding facilitates the exploitation of heterosis and it can result in significant genetic gains and increased crop yields. Inefficient cross-pollination is a major limiting factor that hampers hybrid wheat seed production. In this study, we examined the genetic basis of anther extrusion (AE), which is an important trait in increasing cross-pollination, and thus improving seed set on the female lines and hybrid wheat seed production. We studied 300 segregating F2 plants and F2:3 families that result from a cross of two elite spring wheat lines. We observed that F2 and F2:3 populations hold significant and continuous genetic variation for AE, which suggests its reliable phenotypic selection. Composite interval mapping detected three quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 3A, 5A, and 5D. The QTL on chromosome 5A (i.e., QAe.cimmyt-5A) was of large-effect, being consistently identified across generations, and spanned over 25 cM. Our study shows that (1) AE possesses strong genetic control (heritability), and (2) the QTL QAe.cimmyt-5A that imparted on an average of 20% of phenotypic variation can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding programs. In addition, pyramiding the large-effect QTL for MAS could efficiently complement the phenotypic selection since it is relatively easy and cheap to visually phenotype AE. This study reports the first large-effect QTL for AE in spring wheat, endorsing the use of this analysis in current hybrid wheat breeding and future Mendelization for the detection of underlying gene(s).

scholarly journals UGRC Ring, soft red winter wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1035
Author(s):  
Lily Tamburic-Ilincic ◽  
Arend Smid
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Flour Yield ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Tamburic-Ilincic, L. and Smid, A. 2015. UGRC Ring, soft red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1033–1035. UGRC Ring is a soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar registered for Ontario, Canada. It has high grain yield, with good pastry quality (high flour yield, high falling number) and is moderately resistant to powdery mildew. UGRC Ring has good winter hardiness and is well adapted for the winter wheat growing areas of Ontario.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOFERTILLIZER PRODUCED FROM LOCAL ISOLATES OF Pseudomonas putida AND Pseudomonas fluorescens ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L) B -CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME NUTRIENTS IN SOIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Recommended Level

Field experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of   Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas  fluorescens alone or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers interacted with four mineral fertilizer levels (zero , 25% , 50% , and 75%) of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity) , tow control treatments were used ,the first with out of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer  Significant ,effect of the addition of biofertilizer  supplemented with    mineral fertilizer  for concentrations N,P,K,Fe and Zn , the N was 59.63mg.N.Kg-1 soil in B2C1M2 which increased by 322.9% over the first control treatment, 49.33 63mg.P.Kg-1 soil in B1C2M3 which increased by 252.3% over the first control treatment , 295mg.K.Kg-1 soil in B3C2M3 which increased by 118.5% over the first control treatment, 10.07mg.Fe.Kg-1 soil in B2C1M0 which increased by 108.4% over the first control treatment, 1.6163mg.Zn.Kg-1 soil in B1C2M2 which increased by 108.4% over the first control treatment .

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZER PRODUCED FROM LOCALISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS BACTERIA ON SOME SOIL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L( A- YIELD COMPONENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Recommended Level

Field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens seperatally or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers in interaction with four mineral fertilizer levels  zero, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity). Tow control treatments were used, the first included no addition of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer. The highest value of grain yield was achieved with the treatment of mixed bacterial isolates with an increment mineral fertilizer which to 5.75 Mgha-1 which increased 41.7% compared to first control treatment and 0.9% over the second control treatment. The highest biological yield was achieved mixed bacterial culture  with bentonite and 75% of  the recommended level of mineral fertilizer giving 16.20 Mgha-1 with an increment of 18.8% compared to first control treatment and 11.2% over the second control treatment. The weight of 1000 grain was 47.43g which increased by 21% over the first control treatment and7.4% over the second control treatment with the treatment that include the addition of  Pseudomonas  fluorescens with bentonite and 50% of the recommended level of mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Main Stem and Tiller Contribution to Wheat Cultivars Yield Under Different Irrigation Regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deonisio Destro ◽  
Édison Miglioranza ◽  
Carlos Alberto Arrabal Arias ◽  
Jefferson Marcos Vendrame ◽  
José Carlos Vieira de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Normal Field ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Water Treatments

The present study was carried out to determine the contribution of main stems and tillers to the total yield of two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Cocoraque and BH-1146, under two water treatments: a) normal field conditions, and; b) irrigation, in Londrina, PR, Brazil. The experiment was an eight replication randomized complete block design with treatments arranged in split-plots. Data on total grain yield, main stem grain yield, tillers grain yield, the ratio between tiller and total grain yield, yield components and other 17 traits were collected. The cultivar BH-1146 had a higher total grain yield in relation to Cocoraque under normal field conditions; i, e., under water stress. Main stem grain yield responded positively and significantly to irrigation which was the main cause of increased yield in both cultivars. The tiller grain yield contributed little to the total yield.

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