scholarly journals A Meta-analysis Describing the Effects of the Essential oils Blend Agolin Ruminant on Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Belanche ◽  
Charles Newbold ◽  
Diego Morgavi ◽  
Alex Bach ◽  
Beatrice Zweifel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Long Term Treatment

There is an increasing pressure to identify feed additives which increase productivity or decrease methane emissions. This paper aims to elucidate the effects of supplementing a specific essential oils blend Agolin® Ruminant on the productivity of dairy cows in comparison to non-treated animals. A total of 23 in vivo studies were identified in which Agolin was supplemented at 1 g/d per cow; then a meta-analysis was performed to determine the response ratio on milk yield, rumen fermentation, methane emissions and health. Results indicated that an adaptation period of at least 4 weeks of treatment is required. Whereas short-term studies showed minor and inconsistent effects of Agolin, long-term studies (>4 weeks of treatment) revealed that Agolin supplementation increases milk yield (+3.6%), fat and protein corrected milk (+4.1%) and feed efficiency (+4.4%) without further changes in milk composition and feed intake. Long-term treatment also decreased methane production per day (−8.8%), per dry matter intake (−12.9%) and per fat and protein corrected milk yield (−9.9%) without changes in rumen fermentation pattern. In conclusion, despite the mode of action is still unclear and the small number of studies considered, these findings show that Agolin represents an encouraging alternative to improve productivity in dairy cows.

scholarly journals PSII-17 Program Chair Poster Pick: Effect of ruminal protozoa on methane emissions in ruminants – a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 397-398
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Dai ◽  
Kenneth Kalscheur ◽  
Pekka Huhtanen ◽  
Antonio Faciola
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The effects of ruminal protozoa (RP) concentration on methane emissions from ruminants were evaluated in a meta-analysis using 67 publications reporting data from 85 in vivo experiments. Experiments included in the database reported methane emissions (g/kg DMI) and RP (log10 cells/mL) from the same group of animals. Quantitative data including diet chemical composition, ruminal fermentation, total tract digestibility, and milk production; and qualitative information including methane mitigation strategies, animal type, and methane measurement methods were also collected. The studies were conducted in dairy cows (51%), beef steers (32%) and small ruminants (32%). 70% of the studies reported a reduction in methane emissions. Supplemental lipids reduced methane emissions 95% of the time. The relationship between methane emissions and RP concentration was evaluated as a random coefficient model with the experiment as a random effect and weighted by the inverse pooled SEM squared, including the possibility of covariance between the slope and the intercept. A quadratic effect of RP concentration on methane emissions was detected: CH4= -28.8 + 12.2 × RP-0.64 × RP2. To detect potential interfering factors in the relationship, the influence of several qualitative and quantitative factors were separately tested. Acetate, butyrate, and isobutyrate molar proportions had positive relationships with methane emissions and influenced the relationship between RP concentration and methane emissions, where the presence of ruminal fermentation variables reduced the effects of RP concentration in methane emissions. Total tract digestibility of DM, OM, and CP had negative relationships while NDF digestibility had a positive relationship with methane emissions; however, they only changed the magnitude of intercept and slope of RP and RP2 for the relationship. For dairy cows, milk fat and protein concentrations had positive relationships and milk yield had a negative relationship with methane emissions and changed the magnitude of intercept and slope of RP and RP2 for the relationship.

scholarly journals Do antipsychotic drugs lose their efficacy for relapse prevention over time?

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leucht ◽  
John M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

SummaryThere is a debate about long-term treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotic drugs, with some experts suggesting that these drugs should be discontinued. In this issue, Takeuchi et al demonstrated by a meta-analysis of 11 trials that antipsychotic drugs maintained their efficacy for relapse prevention for 1 year, whereas patients on placebo kept getting worse. We consider these findings in the light of the current discussion about possible dose-related brain volume loss, supersensitivity psychosis, the high variability of results in long-term follow-up studies and recent approaches to discontinue antipsychotics in patients with a first-episode. The new findings speak in favour of continuing antipsychotics at the same dose, at least in patients whose condition is chronic, but the topic is complex.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetic association between NAT2 gene polymorphisms and isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity: trial sequence meta-analysis as evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Khan ◽  
Raju K. Mandal ◽  
Abdulbaset Mohamed Elasbali ◽  
Sajad A. Dar ◽  
Arshad Jawed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Trial Sequence ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Nat2 Gene

Abstract Hepatotoxicity is a severe problem generally faced by tuberculosis (TB) patients. It is a well-known adverse reaction due to anti-TB drugs in TB patients undergoing long-term treatment. The studies published previously have explored the connection of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) gene polymorphisms with isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity, but the results obtained were inconsistent and inconclusive. A comprehensive trial sequence meta-analysis was conducted employing 12 studies comprising 3613 controls and 933 confirmed TB cases using the databases namely, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline) and Google Scholar till December 2017. A significant association was observed with individuals carrying variant allele at position 481C>T (T vs. C: P = 0.001; OR = 1.278, 95% CI = 1.1100–1.484), at position 590G>A (A vs. G: P = 0.002; OR = 1.421, 95% CI = 1.137–1.776) and at position 857G>A (A vs. G: P = 0.0022; OR = 1.411, 95% CI = 1.052–1.894) to higher risk of hepatotoxicity vis-à-vis wild-type allele. Likewise, the other genetic models of NAT2 gene polymorphisms have also shown increased risk of hepatotoxicity. No evidence of publication bias was observed. These results suggest that genetic variants of NAT2 gene have significant role in isoniazid induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, NAT2 genotyping has the potential to improve the understanding of the drug–enzyme metabolic capacity and help in early predisposition of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Biological Extract Supplementation on Milk Yield and Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
S.M. Soliman ◽  
A.A. Hassan ◽  
Neamat I. Bassuony ◽  
A.M. El-Morsy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fermentation

Intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniimodulated rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qendrim Zebeli ◽  
Sarah J Terrill ◽  
Alberto Mazzolari ◽  
Suzanna M Dunn ◽  
Wen Z Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Profile

This study evaluated the effects of intraruminal administration ofMegasphaera elsdeniion ruminal fermentation patterns, the profile of plasma metabolites, and milk yield and composition of mid-lactation dairy cows. Eight primiparous, ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were arranged in a paired 2×2 crossover design. Cows were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: 1) intraruminal inoculation of 35 ml suspension per day ofM. elsdeniiATCC 25940 (MEGA), containing 108cfu/ml of bacteria, dissolved in 35 ml of saline (0·15m), or 2) carrier alone (35 ml saline; CTR). Both postprandial and preprandial rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and plasma metabolite measurements were analysed. Postprandial VFA patterns were affected the most, with butyrate (P<0·01) and valerate (P<0·01) proportions increasing, and acetate (P<0·01), isobutyrate (P=0·05) and isovalerate (P<0·01) decreasing in MEGA cows. Preprandial data measured at various days showed that MEGA dosage tended to increase the molar proportion of propionate (P=0·09) and lower the acetate to propionate ratio (P=0·07) in the rumen fluid. There was no effect of treatment on rumen pH and on the concentration of lactate in the rumen as well as on selected preprandial plasma metabolites. Postprandial plasma concentrations of cholesterol tended to increase (P=0·07) in MEGA cows compared with CTR. Concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma were lower in MEGA cows after the morning feeding (P<0·01). Sampling hour also affected plasma NEFA in this study. Plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) were not affected by the treatment (P>0·05); however, after the morning feeding BHBA concentration was increased in both groups of cows. Dry matter intake and milk yield and composition were not affected by treatment. In conclusion, results indicate thatM. elsdeniihas the potential to modulate the rumen fermentation profile in mid-lactation Holstein cows, but these effects were only slightly reflected in changes in plasma metabolites and milk composition.

Development of mathematical models to predict calcium, magnesium and selenium excretion from lactating Holstein cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taylor ◽  
J. A. D. Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
E. Kebreab
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate mathematical models that predict mineral excretion, particularly calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and selenium (Se), from lactating dairy cows. Mineral excretion can be affected by several dietary factors. A deficiency in Ca or Mg application to pasture, among other factors, can contribute to grass tetany or wheat pasture poisoning in cows, whereas an excess can cause runoff into water supplies. Manure application with high Se concentration can also result in runoff, causing the bioaccumulation of selenium in aquatic ecosystems, wetland habitats and estuaries, leading to toxic levels in fish. A database composed of studies relating to mineral utilisation in lactating dairy cows conducted after and including the year 2000 was compiled. A meta-analysis was conducted with the aim of creating multiple empirical equations to predict Ca, Mg and Se excretion from lactating dairy cows. Calcium intake, feed Ca content, milk yield, milk protein content and acid detergent fibre content in diet were positively and linearly related to Ca excretion. Dietary crude protein content and milk fat content were negatively related to Ca excretion. Magnesium intake, feed Mg content and milk yield were positively and linearly related to Mg excretion. Selenium content of diet and dry matter intake were linearly and positively related to Se excretion. Two sets of models were developed using or excluding the intake variable and both sets of models were evaluated with independent data originating from commercial herd or individual animals. In general, intake measurements improved prediction when evaluated with independent datasets (root mean square prediction error = 8% to 19% vs 14% to 26% of the average observed value). There were substantial mean biases, particularly those evaluated with data from a commercial farm, perhaps due to inaccurate feed intake measurements. Although there was generally good agreement between predicted and observed mineral excretion, model development and evaluation would benefit from an expanded database.

scholarly journals Individual milk fatty acids are potential predictors of enteric methane emissions from dairy cows fed a wide range of diets: Approach by meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 10616-10631 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bougouin ◽  
J. A. D. Ranga Niroshan Appuhamy ◽  
A. Ferlay ◽  
E. Kebreab ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

scholarly journals Responses of High-Producing Dairy Cows to Long-Term Treatment with Pituitary Somatotropin and Recombinant Somatotropin

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1352-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bauman ◽  
Philip J. Eppard ◽  
Melvin J. DeGeeter ◽  
Gregory M. Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Somatotropin

scholarly journals What does the latest meta-analysis really tell us about antidepressants?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moncrieff
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Brain Abnormality ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Chemical Imbalance

A recent meta-analysis of antidepressant trials is the largest conducted to date. Although it claims to prove antidepressant effectiveness beyond dispute, the main outcome is response rates, which are derived from continuous data in a process that can inflate differences between groups. The standardised mean difference of 0.3 is in line with other meta-analyses that show small differences between antidepressants and placebo that are unlikely to be clinically significant. Other factors likely to exaggerate the effects are discussed, and evidence on associations between antidepressant effects and severity and outcomes of long-term treatment is considered. Clinicians need to have open discussions with patients about the limitations of antidepressant research, the lack of evidence that antidepressants correct a chemical imbalance or other brain abnormality, and the range of adverse effects and mental and physical alterations they can produce.

Oil palm meal and urea pellet can partially replace soybean meal in the rations of lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ratchataporn Lunsin ◽  
Suntriporn Duanyai ◽  
Ruangyote Pilajun
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Context Several agro-industrial by-products such as oil palm meal could be useful as animal feeds in support of low cost of feed for livestock production. Aims This study investigated the effects of oil palm meal and urea pellet (PMUP) as a protein replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fluid characteristics, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Methods Five multiparous, early to mid-lactation, Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows (75% Holstein-Friesian × 25% Thai Native Bos indicus) were randomly allocated in a 5 × 5 Latin square design to receive PMUP replacement for SBM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in concentrate. Key results The results show that roughage, total dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) intakes in the cows fed with 25–75% PMUP were significantly higher than in the cows fed 100% PMUP (P &lt; 0.05), whereas the ether extract (EE) intake of the cows receiving the PMUP was higher than that of the control (P &lt; 0.05). Accordingly, the apparent digestibility, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) of cows fed with PMUP replacement of SBM at 25–75% was higher than that in cows fed with 100% PMUP. In addition, milk yield and milk composition were not significantly different among treatments, whereas feed costs per kg milk yield was lowest in cow fed with 100% PMUP (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Replacing SBM with PMUP up to 50–100% in concentrate could reduce costs of feed per kg milk yield, but lower feed intake, nutrient utilisation and rumen fermentation were observed in cow fed with 100% PMUP. The use of PMUP from 25–75% replacement of SBM had no significant effects on the feed intake, nutrient utilisation, rumen fermentation and milk production. Therefore, the level of PMUP replacement of SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cow should not exceed 75%. Implications PMUP could be used as a protein replacement for SBM in concentrate for lactating dairy cows. These findings should be applied further in practical farm condition in order to increase livestock production efficiency.

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