scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Milk and Rumen Microbiome Diversity of Yak, Impacting by Herbage Grown at Different Phenological Periods on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Fan ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Yak Milk ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

To estimate how native herbage of three different phenological periods modify rumen performance and milk quality of yak grazing alpine meadow. In this study, milk composition and the diversity of the rumen microbial community were measured in 12 full-grazing female yaks on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The nutrient composition of three phenological periods was determined: Vegetative stage (VS), bloom stage (BS), and senescent stage (SS). High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used. The results showed that crude protein (CP) content of herbage in BS was higher than that in vs. and SS (p < 0.05), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of herbage in SS was higher than that in vs. and BS (p < 0.05). Milk solids and fat contents were higher in the vs. and SS than in BS (p < 0.05). However, milk protein content was higher for the vs. and BS than those for SS (p < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetate, and propionate concentrations were higher in vs. and BS than in SS (p < 0.05). The community richness estimates (Chao1 estimator) of vs. were higher than that in BS and the SS (p < 0.05). The diversity indices (Shannon index) of the BS were higher than that vs. and the SS (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis between the milk composition, ruminal fermentation parameters, and the relative abundances of the rumen bacteria showed that milk protein content, total VFA, acetate, and propionate concentrations were positively correlated with the relative abundances of the genera Desulfovibrio, Prevotella_1, and Butyrivibrio_2 and was negatively correlated with Olsenella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG.010, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group abundances. Collectively, the results revealed that there were significant differences in nutrient composition of herbage, chemical composition of yak milk, and microbial diversity in rumen at different phenological stages. The correlations between ruminal fermentation parameters, chemical constituents of yak milk, and some genera of ruminal bacteria might be indicative that the ruminal fermentation parameters and chemical constituents of yak milk are strongly influenced by the rumen bacterial community composition.

Chemical composition of volatile organic compounds of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Vasylievna Zhigzhitzhapova ◽  
Larisa Dorzhievna Radnaeva ◽  
Qingbo Gao ◽  
Shilong Chen ◽  
Faqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Effect of long-term rumen-protected methionine supplementation on performance of Shami goats and growth performance of their kids

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Clear Dose Response

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing the diets of Shami goats with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in late pregnancy (last 60 days) and early lactation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile in the first 60 days of lactation, and on growth performance of their kids. Three groups were used (25 goats/group) in a completely randomised design. Groups were a control with no supplements (0RPM) or supplemented with either 2.5 (2.5RPM), or 5.0 g/head.day RPM (5RPM). Birth and weaning weights for kids were recorded and analysed. Milk production was measured and sampled biweekly from each dam and analysed for milk composition. Results showed that RPM had no effect on birth and weaning weights, or average daily gain of Shami kids. However, milk to gain ratio of kids was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved. Milk production increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in 5RPM group compared with 0RPM and 2.5RPM groups. Milk protein content was the highest (P &lt; 0.05) in the 2.5RPM group, followed by the 5RPM and 0RPM groups, whereas milk fat content was not different among the groups. Meanwhile, yields of both components were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in milk of treated groups. Casein and energy-corrected milk were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with treatment. No effect on dry-matter intake was recorded, while feed to milk ratio was better (P &lt; 0.05) for RPM groups than for 0RPM group. Milk fatty acids composition did not show significant changes after RPM treatment. In conclusion, results showed that supplementing RPM to Shami goats in late pregnancy did not affect birthweight or growth of suckling kids but improved milk production and milk protein, although no clear dose response to RPM was detected.

scholarly journals EFICÁCIA DA ESPECTROSCOPIA POR ULTRASSOM E DO CONGELAMENTO NA AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO LEITE

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Maura Frare Menegon ◽  
Claudineli Cassia Bueno da Rosa ◽  
Carmen Wobeto ◽  
Marcia Rodrigues Carvalho Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Melo da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽  
Milk Protein Content

Objetivou-se avaliar o método de espectroscopia por ultrassom (EU) e o efeito do congelamento do leite nas análises de gordura e proteína do leite de vaca. Cem amostras foram analisadas imediatamente após a coleta em tanque de expansão (in natura), congeladas a -20ºC por 30 dias e novamente analisadas por métodos oficiais (gordura por butirômetro de Gerber e proteína por micro-Kjeldahl) e por EU. Observou-se efeito de interação (P < 0,01) entre o método analítico e congelamento do leite. A EU superestimou (P < 0,01) o teor de gordura e subestimou (P < 0,01) o teor de proteína no leite in natura ou congelado. O congelamento não afetou (P = 0,15) o teor de gordura obtido pelo método oficial, mas reduziu o teor de gordura (P < 0,01) obtido com a EU. O congelamento aumentou (P < 0,01) o teor de proteína obtido pelo método oficial, mas reduziu (P < 0,01) quando obtido por EU. Os teores de gordura e proteína do leite obtidos pelo método de EU são divergentes daqueles obtidos por métodos oficiais, independente da amostra ser in natura ou congelada.Palavras-chave: método analítico; análise química; correlação. EFFICACY OF ULTRASONIC SPECTROSCOPY AND FREEZING IN EVALUATION OF MILK CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ABSTRACT: The objective was to evaluate the ultrasound spectroscopy (US) method and the effect of milk freezing on the cow's milk fat and protein analysis. One hundred samples were collected from one milk tank, immediately analyzed, and frozen at -20ºC for 30 days and analyzed again by official method (fat: Gerber butyrometer, protein: micro-Kjeldahl) and US. It was observed effect of interaction (P < 0.01) between analytical method and milk freezing. Ultrasound spectroscopy overestimated milk fat content and underestimated milk protein content on in natura or frozen. The milk freezing for 30 days did not affect the milk fat content obtained by official method (P = 0.15), but it reduced the milk fat content (P < 0.01) obtained by US. The milk freezing increased (P < 0.01) the milk protein content obtained by official method, but reduced (P <0.01) when obtained from US. The milk fat and protein content obtained by US are different from those obtained by official methods, regardless of the sample is in natura or frozen.Keywords: analytical method; chemical analysis; correlation.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FEEDING OAK (Quercus aegilops) ACORNS ON MILK PRODUCTION, MILK COMPOSITION AND SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLACK GOATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Hoger M. Hidayet ◽  
Kamal N. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

 Twenty four Black goat does at 1st week post kidding were adapted to control diet for 2 weeks and then blocked into 4 groups (6 does/group) to be fed on one of the experimental diets (0, 5, 10 and 15% oak acorns) to study the effect of different levels of oak acorns on milk yield, milk composition and some serum biochemical traits. Results revealed that at 10th week of lactation, there was a significant increase in daily milk yield in does fed on 15% oak acorns. In contrast the group fed on 15% oak acorns exhibited a significant decrease in milk protein and solid non-fat contents at 10th week of lactation. The milk lactose yield was significantly higher in group fed on 15% oak acorns at 10th week of lactation. The serum glucose concentration at 8th week of lactation was significantly higher in does fed on 10% oak acorns while at 10th week; it was significantly higher in does fed 5% oak acorns. It could be concluded that feeding does on diets containing 15% oak acorns caused a significant increase in daily milk yield of Black goats and a significant decrease in milk protein content.

Effects of injecting growth hormone or thyroxine on milk production and blood plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors I and II in dairy cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Davis ◽  
P. D. Gluckman ◽  
I.C. Hart ◽  
H. V. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Three cows received injections of thyroxine (T4; 20 mg/day), four cows GH (40 mg/day) and three cows saline (control; 10 ml/day) on days 5–8 of a 16-day experimental period during peak lactation. Milk yield increased 13% in cows given GH (from 14·6 to 16·5 kg/day) and 15% in cows given T4 (from 15·8 to 18·2kg/day) but did not change in control cows. Injection of T4 increased milkfat and lactose content but reduced milk protein content. Injection of GH was without effect on milk composition during the injection period but milk protein rose after injections ceased. Injection of T4 increased plasma concentrations of T4 and tri-iodothyronine six- to sevenfold, with maxima occurring on day 9. Injection of GH increased the plasma concentration of GH five- to tenfold 5 h after injection. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was increased in cows given GH in both morning (08.30 h) and afternoon (14.30 h) blood samples, the difference being greatest in afternoon samples in which plasma IGF-I content increased from 3·3 to 6·8 nmol/l. Injection of T4 reduced the plasma concentration of IGF-I in morning samples but the concentration in afternoon samples remained relatively constant throughout the 16-day experimental period. The plasma concentration of IGF-II rose in morning samples in all treatment groups to reach a maximum of 200–250 nmol/l by day 9. The galactopoietic response to injection of GH but not T4 was associated with an increase in plasma concentration of IGF-I. Changes in plasma concentration of IGF-II were not associated with changes in milk yield. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 17–24

Effect of different milking intervals on the composition of cisternal and alveolar milk in dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Ayadi ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Xavier Such ◽  
Maristela Rovai ◽  
Elena Albanell
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Total Fat

Effects of six different milking intervals on the distribution of milk between cistern and alveoli were studied in a randomized, incomplete Latin Square experiment with four lactating Holstein cows. Cisternal and alveolar milk was measured by udder quarter at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24-h intervals with a 3-d interperiod of regular milking. Cisternal milk was evacuated using a cannula after injection of an oxytocin-receptor blocking agent, followed by an injection of oxytocin to remove the alveolar fraction. Milk samples from each fraction and quarter were collected for analysis. Cisternal and alveolar milk increased with milking interval and represented on average 30 and 70% of the milk stored in the udder, respectively. Fat content in alveolar milk remained constant during the first 16 h, increasing rapidly thereafter, reaching its maximum at 24 h (6·95%). Fat content in cisternal milk decreased with milking interval and reached its minimum at 24 h (0·96%). Total fat yield tended to increase for cisternal milk with longer milking intervals, but it increased markedly for alveolar milk, showing that fat globules did not pass freely from alveoli to cistern between milkings. Milk protein content was greater in rear quarters than in front quarters for both milk fractions. Milk protein content increased in the cisternal milk fraction and tended to increase in the alveolar milk fraction with longer milking intervals, but values did not differ between cisternal and alveolar fractions or between front and rear quarters. Total protein yield increased with milking interval in both fractions, indicating that casein micelles passed more freely than fat globules from the alveolar to the cisternal compartment. In conclusion, the short-term effects of milking intervals in milk composition were explained by the changes observed in alveolar and cisternal milk ratio.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document