scholarly journals Oral Supplementation with Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide for Joint Disease and Lameness Management in Four Jumping Horses: A Case Report

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Alfio Barbagallo ◽  
Alessio Filippo Peritore ◽  
Salvatore Cuzzocrea ◽  
Rosalia Crupi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Amide ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Endogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Navicular Syndrome ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide

Background: Four show jumping horses were evaluated for non-responsive lameness, which caused their withdrawal from show jumping competitions. The clinical evaluation was performed by radiographic examination, flexion tests, diagnostic anesthesia and lameness evaluation using the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) scale. The diagnoses were a case of navicular syndrome, a complicated case of chronic navicular syndrome and arthrosis of the distal interphalangeal joint of the right anterior limb and two cases of distal intertarsal joint arthritis. Nutraceuticals are often an important management strategy or coadjutant of pharmacological therapies in joint disease. Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) is an endogenous fatty acid amide that is well-known for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic proprieties widely used in human medicine and small animal veterinary medicine. Although it includes a small number of cases, our study describes for the first time the efficacy of the use of PEA-um in horses. The four horses with non-responsive lameness and significant impairment in athletic performance were daily treated with PEA-um into their normal diet. After four months of PEA-um supplementation, all horses showed remissions of lameness that led to their reintroduction into showjumping competitions without disease recurrence. Therefore, despite the small number of cases included in this study, these observations suggest a good prospective for developing a controlled experiment to test PEA in a larger cohort of horses.

Abstract 657: A New Translational Model of Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis: Effect of Statins on LDLR KO Miniature Swine

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale E Mais ◽  
Thomas Vihtelic ◽  
Chidozie Amuzie ◽  
Steven Denham ◽  
John R Swart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Miniature Swine

Small animal models of atherosclerosis are commonly used in drug studies; however, the results often fail to translate into the clinic. A large animal model that more accurately reflects the human disease is needed. We recently developed a transgenic Yucatan pig model in which the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene is knocked out. Five groups of Yucatan pigs (N=4 per group), either wild type (LDLR+/+) or heterozygote (LDLR+/-) were fed a normal diet or a high fat diet for a six month period. One of the heterozygote/high fat diet groups in addition received a daily dose of a statin (atorvastatin) at 3 mg/kg. Every two weeks during the study a variety of clinical chemistry parameters were measured. At study termination, select arteries were collected, stained for lipid deposits and quantitated. In addition, sections of these arteries were prepared for immunohistochemistry to detect selected markers of macrophage infiltration into the atherosclerotic plaques. As expected, pigs fed a high fat diet gained significantly more weight at six months whether they were wild type or LDLR+/-. Atorvastatin appeared to attenuate this weight gain. There were significant increases in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in pigs fed the high fat diet compared to their corresponding control group. The group receiving the atorvastatin had reduced values of these parameters compared to controls showing that a statin had a beneficial effect on lipid levels even in a high fat diet scenario. VLDL levels were not affected but there were triglyceride changes across the groups. Liver function was unchanged based on total bilirubin and AST while ALT measurements were altered in some of the groups. Immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry was performed on some arteries. Atorvastatin-induced amelioration of hypercholesterolemia in this model underscores its translational utility.

Abstract 401: Experimental Aneurysm in Rats Excluded by Stent Graft: A New Model to Assess the Impact of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair on the Pathophysiology of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rouer ◽  
Martin Rouer ◽  
Jean-Marc Alsac ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Michel
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Experimental Aneurysm ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Biological study of the impact of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) on pathophysiology of aortic abdominal aneurysms (AAA) can only be performed indirectly in humans, by imaging or search for peripheral biomarkers in the circulating blood. Therefore biological mechanism’s modifications into the aneurismal wall related to its endovascular exclusion are still to be elucidated, and small animal models should bring a valuable help in this field. We describe a new experimental model of stentgraft implantation for the exclusion of AAA in rats. Methods Aneurysms were induced as previously described by intra-aortic elastase injection in Wistar rats, or by aortic decellularized xenograft transplantation in Lewis rats. At least 15 days later, the midline laparotomy was reopened, and 3mm covered stentgraft were inserted and deployed in the AAA to obtain its exclusion. The patency of the graft and the AAA exclusion could be assessed by a global arteriogram through the carotid artery. After closure of the laparotomy, the rats were awakened and returned to a normal diet. Results This experimental model of AAA exclusion by a stentgraft allows many in vivo and ex vivo studies of the pathophysiology of AAA after EVAR. Histological modifications of the aortic wall and the intra-luminal thrombus could be assessed. The impact of EVAR on the adventitial immuno-inflammatory activity could be studied by different imaging such as MRI, scintigraphy or PET-scan. In situ biological and enzymatic activities could be evaluated to better understand the local mechanisms leading to AAA shrinkage or expansion after EVAR. Conclusion Exclusion by stentgraft of experimental AAA in rats is the first described model of EVAR in small animals. It is feasible and reproducible for both elastase and xenograft experimental AAA models. This model will definitely help to a better analysis and understanding of the impact of stentgrafting on biological mechanisms in the aneurismal wall, that lead to EVAR success with shrinkage of aneurismal sac or EVAR failure with its continuing expansion.

scholarly journals Antinociceptive activity of the endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitylethanolamide

2001 ◽  
Vol 419 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Calignano ◽  
Giovanna La Rana ◽  
Daniele Piomelli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Antinociceptive Activity ◽  
Endogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

The use of the computed tomography in the diagnostic protocol of the elbow in the dog: 24 joints

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Biasibetti ◽  
Annette Schumacher ◽  
Michelle Fabiani ◽  
Gian Rovesti
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Diagnostic Protocol ◽  
Definition Of

SummaryThe evaluation of the elbow joint is difficult based on clinical and radiographic examinations. The anatomical structures of its articular components are superimposed with standard radiography, often leading to presumptive diagnoses. When the radiographic findings become more suggestive, usually the early phase of the disease has passed and chronic disease has developed. Because computer-generated slices are not hindered by this superimposition, the use of computed tomography may be beneficial in investigating the joint. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if computed tomography could change or better define the diagnosis previously made on the basis of a radiographic examination in 12 client- owned dogs presented for elbow lameness. As a positive control, 12 out of the 24 imaged joints were surgically or arthroscopically explored. The diagnosis based on computed tomography was different or more precisely defined, compared to the radiographic examination, in 46% of the examined joints. Earlier and more complete definition of elbow joint disease may change the therapeutic options and, potentially, the clinical outcome.

scholarly journals The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Palmitoylethanolamide Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Novel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA 100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). Changes in blood and body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. We found no adverse effects of oral administration of PEA on BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared to those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, Mmp-2, -3, -9, and − 13 noticeably reduced with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression noticeably decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, we demonstrated that PEA can be used as an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals A new and spontaneous animal model for ankylosing spondylitis is found in cynomolgus monkeys

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Jia ◽  
Meili Chen ◽  
Yanzhen Cai ◽  
Xiaoling Luo ◽  
Gang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Spinal Stiffness ◽  
Unclear Etiology

Abstract Background Ankylosing spondylitis is a progressive, disabling joint disease that affects millions worldwide. Given its unclear etiology, studies of ankylosing spondylitis relied heavily on drug-induced or transgenic rodent models which retain only partial clinical features. There is obviously a lack of a useful disease model to conduct comprehensive mechanistic studies. Methods We followed a group of cynomolgus monkeys having joint lesions reported of spinal stiffness for 2 years by conducting hematological testing, radiographic examination, family aggregation analysis, pathological analysis, and genetic testing. Results The results confirmed that these diseased animals suffered from spontaneous ankylosing spondylitis with clinical features recapitulating human ankylosing spondylitis disease progression, manifested by pathological changes and biochemical indicators similar to that of ankylosing spondylitis patients. Conclusion The study offers a promising non-human primate model for spontaneous ankylosing spondylitis which may serve as an excellent substitute for its pre-clinical research.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of enalapril maleate and furosemide usage in dogs with degenerative myxomatous mitral valve, CHF functional class Ib

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo P. Franco ◽  
Gener T. Pereira ◽  
Aparecido A. Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Enalapril Maleate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Class Ib

Degenerative myxomatous mitral valve (DMMV) is a heart disease of high incidence in small animal clinical medicine, affecting mainly older dogs and small breeds. Thus, a scientific investigation was performed in order to evaluate the clinical use of the medicines furosemide and enalapril maleate in dogs with this disease in CHF functional class Ib before and after the treatment was established. For this purpose 16 dogs with the given valve disease were used, separated into two groups: the first received furosemide (n=8) and the second received enalapril maleate (n=8) throughout 56 days. The dogs were evaluated in four stages (T0, T14, T28 and T56 day) in relation to clinical signs, hematological, biochemical and serum assessment, which included serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and aldosterone, as well as radiography, electrocardiography, Doppler-echocardiography and blood pressure. The results regarding the clinical, hematological and serum chemistry evaluations revealed no significant changes in both groups, but significant reductions in the values of ACE and aldosterone in the group receiving enalapril maleate were verified. The radiographic examination revealed reductions of VHS values and variable Pms wave of the electrocardiogram in both groups, but no changes in blood pressure values were identified. The echocardiogram showed a significant decrease of the variables LVDd/s in the studied groups and the FS% in animals that received only enalapril. Therefore, analysis of results showed that monotherapy based on enalapril maleate showed better efficiency of symptoms control in patients with CHF functional class Ib.

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