scholarly journals Sexual Allometric Monomorphism in Araucan Pig from Colombia: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1763
Author(s):  
Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño ◽  
Jordi Jordana-Vidal ◽  
René Alejandro Crosby-Granados ◽  
José Norberto Arias-Landazábal ◽  
Pere M. Parés-Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Males And Females

This study aimed to evaluate the allometric growth of the Araucan pig breed, a creole breed from Arauca, East Colombia, locally known as “Sabaneros”, in relation to different quantitative traits and considering genders separately. To do this, a total of 31 male and 27 female Araucan pigs, ranging from 4 to 48 months of age, were studied in order to evaluate their growth patterns, using a multivariate approach. Animals belonged to different farms (“fincas”) of the Department of Arauca, Colombia. From each individual, 10 quantitative traits were obtained: face width, croup height, croup length, croup width, tail base height, hock height, loin height, cannon length, and length and width of ear. Our results, which must be interpreted as preliminary, showed that the Araucan pig is allometrically monomorphic as sexual differences do not increase with body size. We suggest that although males and females have evidently different reproductive roles, during growth they shift the allocation of energy to structures linked to environmental adaptation rather than those linked to reproduction.

Variation in Weight, Size, and Sex Ratio of Coccinellid Adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Intraspecies Variation ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe weight and size of coccinellid adults varied with species, sex, and feeding. Intraspecies variation in weight was generally similar in the eight species studied. Females were more variable than males in body size. Females of some species were heavier and larger than males, and species can be classified on a basis of difference in the weight and size of the sexes.An increase in the food supply after a period of food scarcity affected the sex ratio, as the minimum food requirement of females was greater than males. Females increased in weight more rapidly than males after feeding. The availability of food in the field affected the weight and size of some species. Adult water content was influenced by feeding but not by sex or the quantity of food given to the larva.Males were more abundant in species with small sexual differences in weight and size. The degree of difference in weight and size between males and females may be used as a criterion to select species that are best adapted to survive when food is scarce.

scholarly journals Interrelations between different forms of group variability of quantitative traits in microtus socialis (Cricetidae, mammalia) in the peak phase of population abundance

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
I. A. Sinyavskaya ◽  
I. G. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Peak Phase

Interrelations Between Different Forms of Group Variability of Quantitative Traits in Microtus socialis (Cricetidae, Mammalia) in the Peak Phase of Population Abundance. Peskov V. N., Sinyavskaya I. A., Emelyanov I. G.- The amount of input and the interrelation of various forms of group variability of quantitative traits in general morphological disparity of M. socialis in the peak phase of the population abundance was studied. It was found that the variability of 4 exterior and 11 interior traits are determined primarily by the age of the animals, whereas the influence of sex and the season is very low. With ageing, the intensity of sexual differences and seasonal variability increase. The correlated variability of morphological traits was almost the same (Rs = 0.820-0.98) in males and females during different seasons.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Eye Morphology in a Butterfly (Asterocampa leilia; Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine S. Ziemba ◽  
Ronald L. Rutowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Mate Searching ◽  
Eye Morphology ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
Males And Females

In the Empress Leilia butterfly,Asterocampa leilia, as in many insects, males have larger eyes than females. We explore the morphological causes and consequences of this dimorphism in eye size by comparing the corneal surface area, facet numbers, and patterns of variation in facet dimensions in males and females. We report that, with body size (measured by forewing length) controlled, male eyes are consistently larger than female eyes, and that, although males and females do not differ significantly in the number of facets per eye, males have significantly larger facets. Also, males have disproportionately larger facets both frontally and dorsally. As a result of these sexual differences in eye structure, males are expected to have a larger and more acute visual field than females which could be advantageous in the context of this species' mate searching tactic.

Morphometrics and molecular analysis ofOzolaimus linstowin. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizardIguana iguana

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractOzolaimus linstowin. sp. is described from the large intestine ofIguana iguanaLinnaeus, 1758 from Mexico. The present species can be easily distinguished fromO. megatyphlonandO. cirratusby the presence of a long and slender pharynx not divided into sections, more similar to the remaining two species,O. monhysteraandO. ctenosauri. Ozolaimus linstowin. sp. can be differentiated fromO. monhysteraby the shorter spicule length and smaller body size of both males and females. Males ofO. linstowin. sp. are morphologically close to those ofO. ctenosauri, but females possess a markedly smaller body size and differ in the organization of the oral cuticular armature. Adult males ofO. linstowin. sp. bear some characteristic features of the J3 juvenile morphology in terms of the cuticular organization of the oral and buccal capsule. Phylogenetic analysis ofO.linstowin. sp. using partial small subunit (SSU) and D2–D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA shows relationships with several Oxyuridae genera.

Body size, not age, predicts parasite load in Clark’s Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus clarkii)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Watkins ◽  
G. Blouin-Demers
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Fundamental Goal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ectoparasite Load

Determining the factors that influence parasite load is a fundamental goal of parasitology. Body size often influences parasite load in reptiles, but it is unclear whether higher levels of parasitism are a result of greater surface area of individuals (a function of size) or of longer periods of exposure to parasites (a function of age). Using skeletochronology in a wild population of Clark’s Spiny Lizards (Sceloporus clarkii Baird and Girard, 1852), we tested the hypotheses that (i) larger individuals have higher parasite loads due to increased surface area available for colonization by parasites and their vectors and that (ii) older individuals have higher parasite loads because they have had longer exposure to parasites and their vectors. Males harboured more ectoparasites than females. Males and females differed in how body size influenced chigger (Acari: Trombiculidae) load; larger males harboured more chiggers than smaller males, but this was not the case in females. Age did not affect ectoparasite load in either sex. These results emphasize the importance of disentangling the effects of size and age in models of parasitism to gain a clearer understanding of intraspecific variation in parasite load.

scholarly journals Allometric growth patterns in hatchery-reared larvae of the catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri (Pisces: Pseudopimelodidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Guimarães-Cruz ◽  
V.C. Veloso-Júnior ◽  
N.G. Sales ◽  
D.A.A. Oliveira ◽  
J.E. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Eye Diameter ◽  
Head Height

The aim of the present study was to characterize the relationships that occur between morphometric variables of larvae of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 through their allometric growth analysis. Total length, head length and body height were correlated with standard length, head height and body height, as well as eye diameter and head height with head length. The results revealed allometric positive relation during the initial development, where the b coefficient varied between 1.10 and 2.81. The variable pre-anal distance in relation to the standard length and the snout length in relation to the head length revealed an allometric negative relation, where the b coefficient was 0.85 and 0.94, respectively.

scholarly journals A multivariate study of variation in two species of rock crab of the genus Leptograpsus

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Campbell ◽  
RJ Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Length ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
The Body ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
Rock Crab ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Colour Form

A multivariate approach has been used to study morphological variation in the blue and orange-form species of rock crab of the genus Leptograpsus. Objective criteria for the identification of the two species are established, based on the following characters: width of the frontal region of the carapace; width of the posterior region of the carapace (rear width); length of the carapace along the midline; maximum width of the carapace; and the depth of the body. The first canonical variate, which differentiates between the two species, represents a contrast between the carapace width relative to the width of the front lip and the depth of the body; the blue-form species has a greater relative carapace width than has the orange form. The second canonical variate, which presents a contrast between the rear width and the carapace length, identifies males and females within each species; males have a greater relative carapace length than have females. All individuals, including 20 not used in the study, were correctly identified for colour form. The clear separation of the blue and orange forms achieved by canonical analysis supports the previously determined specific status of the two forms.

scholarly journals ASPEKBIOLOGI IKANKURISI (Nemipterus japonicus) DI PERAIRANTELUKBANTEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Selvi Oktaviyani ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Yonvitner Yonvitner
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Nemipterus Japonicus ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
First Maturity

<p>Ikan kurisi (<em>Nemipterus japonicus</em>) merupakan salah satu sumber daya ikan ekonomis penting di Perairan Teluk Banten dan banyak didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu, Banten. Intensitas penangkapan yang tinggi akan menyebabkan tangkap lebih (<em>overfishing</em>), sehingga mengancam kelestarian ikan kurisi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi ikan kurisi di Perairan Teluk Banten, seperti struktur ukuran panjang, rasio kelamin, hubungan panjang berat, tingkat kematangan gonad, ukuran panjang rata-rata tertangkap (Lc) dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm). Informasi yang diperoleh dapat menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam kegiatan pengelolaan perikanan. Lokasi pengambilan contoh dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Karangantu, Banten dari bulan Mei hingga Agustus 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran panjang total ikan kurisi<em> </em>berkisar antara 98 dan 211 mm. Perbandingan kelamin jantan dan betina dalam keadaan seimbang dan memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat dibandingkan pertumbuhan beratnya. Lebih dari 50% ikan-ikan yang diamati baik jantan maupun betina selama bulan pengamatan belum matang gonad (<em>immature</em>).  Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad adalah 196 mm sedangkan ukuran panjang rata-rata tertangkap adalah 146 mm. Banyaknya ikan yang tertangkap dalam ukuran kecil (kurang dari panjang pertama kali matang gonad) akan mengganggu kelestarian ikan kurisi.</p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Japanese threadfin bream </em>(Nemipterus japonicus<span style="text-decoration: underline;">)</span><em> is one of the most important economical fish resources in the Gulf of Banten and many landed at Archipelago Fishing Port (PPN) of Karangantu. High intensity of fishing activity can cause an overfihing, and threat sustainability of japanese threadfin bream. The research was aimed to determine some biological aspects of japanese threadfin bream in the Gulf of Banten, such as structure of the length, sex ratio, length-weight relationship, gonad maturity stage, the average length of captured (Lc) and the length of first maturity (Lm). It is believed that the collected information can be taken into consideration in the fisheries management activities. The sample was collected at PPN Karangantu, Banten from May to August 2012. The result showed that the length of </em><em>this fish </em><em>ranged between 98 and 211 mm. Ratio of male and female is balance and have negative allometric growth pattern show that the length of growth is more faster than the weight of growth. More than 50% of fish sample both males and females were immature gonads. During observation, length of  first maturity was 196 mm and the average length of captured was 146 mm. </em><em>Many fishes caught was smaller than Lm, It will interfere the sustainability of japanese threadfin bream.</em></p>

scholarly journals Longevity of Willow Tits (Poecile montanus): the significance of flock membership, social rank and body size

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Olav Hogstad ◽  
Tore Slagsvold
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Rank ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
Willow Tit ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Winter Flocks ◽  
Main Factor

The Willow Tit Poecile montanus is highly sedentary and breeding pairs remain in their exclusive areas throughout the year. During the winter, these areas are defended by small, non-kin flocks, formed as the roaming yearlings become sedentary and join adults during late summer and autumn. Once established, stable social hierarchies are maintained in these flocks during the winter. The winter flocks consist normally of the socially dominant adult mated pair and two mated juvenile pairs, one higher-ranked and one lower-ranked. Individually colour-ringed juvenile Willow Tits were followed over years in subalpine forest in Norway from ringing in the autumn till they disappeared. None of the lower ranked birds survived their first winter, whereas only 4 of 71 higher-ranked juvenile pairs disappeared during this time. Half of the 71 pairs survived their first winter, about 25 % survived two winters, 8.5% survived three winters, and 5.6% survived four winters. Survival was similar for males and females. Alpha pairs remained mated and defended their common territory across years. Maximum age as revealed by ringing showed one female became six years old and two males ringed as adults were at least nine years old when last observed. The main factor associated with survival was early flock establishment that led to a high rank position among the juvenile flock members. Body size seemed insignificant. Birds that survived their first winter either succeeded to establish as territory owners or they were forced into the role as floaters and probably perished.

scholarly journals Bigger Males, Bigger Females? Pigeons’ Sexual Size Dimorphism

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
P. M. Parés- Casanova ◽  
A. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Rensch’S Rule ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Rensch's Rule ◽  
Neck Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Sexual dimorphism, defined as phenotypic differences between males and females, is a common phenomenon in animals. In this line, Rensch’s rule states that sexual size dimorphism increases with increasing body size when the male is the larger sex and decreases with increasing average body size when the female is the larger sex. Domesticated animals offer excellent opportunities for testing predictions of functional explanations of Rensch’s theory. Pigeon breeds encounters many different functional purposes and selective constraints, which could influence strongly their morphology. The aim of this paper is to examine, for first time, Rensch’s rule among domestic pigeons. It was compiled a database of 12 quantitative traits (body weight, body height, beak thickness, beak length, neck length, neck thickness, wing length, rump width, tail length, tarsus length, tarsus thickness and middle toe length) for males and females of 11 different domestic pigeon breeds: Bangladesh Indigenous, Racing Homer, Turkish Tumbler, Indian Lotan, Kokah, Mookee, Indian Fantail, Bokhara Trumpeter, Bombai, Lahore and Hungarian Giant House; Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) was also considered as wild relative for comparative purposes. Comparative results between males and females showed that only body weight, wing length and neck thickness were consistent with Rensch’s rule. The rest of trait did not present correlations. Among domestic pigeons, there can appear different expressions of dimorphism according to each trait, so it must be considered that Rensch’s rule vary when considering other traits than body weight.

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