scholarly journals Interrelations between different forms of group variability of quantitative traits in microtus socialis (Cricetidae, mammalia) in the peak phase of population abundance

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
I. A. Sinyavskaya ◽  
I. G. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Morphological Disparity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Peak Phase

Interrelations Between Different Forms of Group Variability of Quantitative Traits in Microtus socialis (Cricetidae, Mammalia) in the Peak Phase of Population Abundance. Peskov V. N., Sinyavskaya I. A., Emelyanov I. G.- The amount of input and the interrelation of various forms of group variability of quantitative traits in general morphological disparity of M. socialis in the peak phase of the population abundance was studied. It was found that the variability of 4 exterior and 11 interior traits are determined primarily by the age of the animals, whereas the influence of sex and the season is very low. With ageing, the intensity of sexual differences and seasonal variability increase. The correlated variability of morphological traits was almost the same (Rs = 0.820-0.98) in males and females during different seasons.

scholarly journals Sexual Allometric Monomorphism in Araucan Pig from Colombia: Preliminary Results

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1763
Author(s):  
Arcesio Salamanca-Carreño ◽  
Jordi Jordana-Vidal ◽  
René Alejandro Crosby-Granados ◽  
José Norberto Arias-Landazábal ◽  
Pere M. Parés-Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Males And Females

This study aimed to evaluate the allometric growth of the Araucan pig breed, a creole breed from Arauca, East Colombia, locally known as “Sabaneros”, in relation to different quantitative traits and considering genders separately. To do this, a total of 31 male and 27 female Araucan pigs, ranging from 4 to 48 months of age, were studied in order to evaluate their growth patterns, using a multivariate approach. Animals belonged to different farms (“fincas”) of the Department of Arauca, Colombia. From each individual, 10 quantitative traits were obtained: face width, croup height, croup length, croup width, tail base height, hock height, loin height, cannon length, and length and width of ear. Our results, which must be interpreted as preliminary, showed that the Araucan pig is allometrically monomorphic as sexual differences do not increase with body size. We suggest that although males and females have evidently different reproductive roles, during growth they shift the allocation of energy to structures linked to environmental adaptation rather than those linked to reproduction.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical, and Growth Parameters of Fogera Cattle Calves to Heat Stress during Different Seasons in Sub-Humid Part of Ethiopia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Michael Abera ◽  
Yesihak Yusuf Mummed ◽  
Mitiku Eshetu ◽  
Fabio Pilla ◽  
Zewdu Wondifraw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
High Weight Gain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Number Of Males

Fogera cattle are among indigenous breeds of cattle in the northern part of Ethiopia. However, their response to heat stress (HS) under different seasonal variations has not been well investigated. This study was aimed to determine physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters of Fogera cattle calves to HS during dry season, short rainy, and long rainy. A total of 72 calves (24 for each season) that were 6 months of age with an equal number of males and females were evaluated for physiological, hematological, biochemical, and growth parameters. Daily ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH) were recorded two times per day during the study periods from which the daily average temperature–humidity index (THI) was calculated. The study revealed higher AT and THI during dry and short seasons while higher RH was observed during the long rainy season. Physiological parameters except rectal temperature were affected by the seasons. Hematological parameters were also affected by season except for packed cell volume. Biochemical and growth parameters were also significantly affected by the seasons. THI was positively related with physiological but negatively with growth parameters. Thus, the THI value of 66 can be considered as optimum for high weight gain and normal physiological response to HS in Fogera cattle calves under their current production system.

Mating in the harvestman Leiobunum vittatum (Arachnida: Opiliones): from premating struggles to solicitous tactile engagement

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1663-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey D. Fowler-Finn ◽  
Emilia Triana ◽  
Owen G. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nuptial Gift ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Male Size ◽  
Mechanical Advantage ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Mutual Mate Choice ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study ◽  
Multiple Stages

When mating interactions are influenced by multiple sources of selection, they may involve multiple stages of mate assessment. At each stage, a different set of morphological and behavioural traits may be important in determining the outcome of the interaction. Here, we test the potential for multiple sources of selection to shape mating interactions in Leiobunum vittatum harvestmen, commonly known as ‘daddy longlegs’. We provide a qualitative and quantitative study of mating interactions, and investigate the influence of multiple morphological traits on each of several distinct stages of their mating interactions. Mating interactions start with a struggle between males and females during which the male attempts to secure the females in a mating embrace. Success at this stage depends on the length of the male’s clasping pedipalps: those with shorter pedipalps (and thus greater mechanical advantage) were more successful. Male size relative to the female determines how quickly males achieve this embrace. Mating interactions then proceed to tactile exchanges between males and females, indicating the potential for mutual mate choice and/or peri- and post-copulatory selection. We found no morphological predictors of the timing of these later stages of the mating interactions, and suggest that the exchange of a nuptial gift is important for the dynamics of these stages. Overall, our results highlight L. vittatum as a potentially highly informative group for studying how traits involved in mating are shaped by the interaction of selection across multiple stages in mating interactions.

Variation in Weight, Size, and Sex Ratio of Coccinellid Adults (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Intraspecies Variation ◽  
Food Scarcity ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe weight and size of coccinellid adults varied with species, sex, and feeding. Intraspecies variation in weight was generally similar in the eight species studied. Females were more variable than males in body size. Females of some species were heavier and larger than males, and species can be classified on a basis of difference in the weight and size of the sexes.An increase in the food supply after a period of food scarcity affected the sex ratio, as the minimum food requirement of females was greater than males. Females increased in weight more rapidly than males after feeding. The availability of food in the field affected the weight and size of some species. Adult water content was influenced by feeding but not by sex or the quantity of food given to the larva.Males were more abundant in species with small sexual differences in weight and size. The degree of difference in weight and size between males and females may be used as a criterion to select species that are best adapted to survive when food is scarce.

Sexual differences in color and color change in wood frogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1963-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. King ◽  
Bethia King
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Males And Females

An observer-free method of color classification was used to determine whether wood frogs, Rana sylvatica, exhibit sexual differences in color and color change. Males and females captured from breeding aggregations differed significantly in color: females reflected a greater amount of long-wavelength (yellow–red) light and less short-wavelength (blue–green) light than males. The color difference was not just a result of differences in the state of physiological color change at the time of capture but persisted for a month after capture. Males and females also differed in their color-change responses to black and white backgrounds: both sexes changed in brightness, but only males changed in the relative amount of light reflected at different wavelengths. Wood frog color may function in predator avoidance through crypsis. There was a good match between frogs and some of the leaves from the leaf litter surrounding the breeding ponds. Hypotheses for the development of sexual differences in wood frog color include sexual differences in availability of pigment and pigment precursors, morphological color change, and evolutionary response to different selection pressures.

scholarly journals Temporal uniformity of the spontaneous mutational variance of quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster

2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURORA GARCÍA-DORADO ◽  
JESUS FERNÁNDEZ ◽  
CARLOS LÓPEZ-FANJUL
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Sib Mating ◽  
Mutational Variance ◽  
Interaction Variance

Spontaneous mutations were allowed to accumulate over 209 generations in more than 100 lines, all of them independently derived from a completely homozygous population of Drosophila melanogaster and subsequently maintained under strong inbreeding (equivalent to full-sib mating). Traits scored were: abdominal (AB) and sternopleural (ST) bristle number, wing length (WL) and egg-to-adult viability (V). On two occasions – early (generations 93–122) and late (generations 169–209) – ANOVA estimates of the mutational variance and the mutational line × generation interaction variance were obtained. Mutational heritabilities of morphological traits ranged from 2 × 10−4 to 2 × 10−3 and the mutational coefficient of variation of viability was 0·01. For AB, WL and V, temporal uniformity of the mutational variance was observed. However, a fluctuation of the mutational heritability of ST was detected and could be ascribed to random genotype × environment interaction.

A STUDY OF THE MAY FLIES (HEXAGENIA) OF LAKE WINNIPEG

1932 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERRIS NEAVE
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Lake Winnipeg ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
North Part ◽  
Males And Females

The economic status of the May flies (Hexagenia) of lake Winnipeg is discussed. The nymphs are particularly important as food for sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), light-backed cisco or tullibee (Leucichthys zenithicus), goldeye (Hiodon chrysopsis), and sauger (Lucioperca canadense). Two species are present in abundance, H. limbata occulta and H. rigida, but the former outnumbers the latter by a ratio of 7 to 1. Characters are given for the separation of all stages of these species and their habits are described. Eggs of occulta were hatched after artificial insemination. Later development of both species was followed by statistical measurements of nymphs secured at different seasons. The life cycle extends over two years. Sizes at which moults take place are indicated. Maximum growth is in August and is correlated with the amount of phytoplankton in the lake. No growth takes place in winter. The number of nymphs of occulta of 10 mm. and more is estimated at 62,000,000 per sq. kilometre in the southern part of the lake, and 93,000,000 in the neighbourhood of the Narrows. Corresponding estimates for rigida are 4,500,000 and 44,000,000. Both species are scarce or absent over a large area in the north part of the lake. H. occulta shows a 10 per cent, preponderance of females but is probably not parthenogenetic. Males and females of rigida occur in equal numbers. Parasites are noted, but are local in distribution. Occulta is of greater economic importance than is indicated by the numerical ratio between the two species.

Patterns of Variation in The Prosome Length of Overwintering Stage V Copepodites of Calanus Finmarchicus in The Firth of Clyde

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Grigg ◽  
S. J. Bardwell ◽  
S. Tyzack
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Prosome Length ◽  
Environmental Fluctuations ◽  
Males And Females

In attributing variations in growth and metabolism within a population to environmental fluctuations, and in interpreting the biological response to environmental fluctuations, it is important to recognize the variations that are intrinsic to the population or species. Consequently, it is common practice in studies on the growth and metabolism of calanoid copepods to separate instars and, in the case of adults, males and females when analysing measurements. Although studies on calanoids, in particular species of Calanus and Euchaeta, have demonstrated the existence of pronounced sexual differences in parameters such as dry weight, biochemical composition and respiration rate (e.g. Comita, Marshall & Orr, 1966; Marshall, 1973; Bamstedt, 1975, 1979; Gatten et al. 1979, 1980), the possibility that similar differences might occur in pre-adult instars has not been examined, this despite the fact that in many species in this group it is possible to distinguish the sex of copepodites IV and V, the two instars preceding the adult.

Fluctuating asymmetry in certain morphological traits in laboratory populations of Drosophila ananassae

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Vishalakshi ◽  
B N Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developmental Instability ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Developmental Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Quality ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexual Traits

Fluctuating asymmetry (FA, subtle random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is often used as a measure of developmental instability (DI), which results from perturbations in developmental pathways caused by genetic or environmental stressors. During the present study, we estimated FA in 5 morphological traits, viz. wing length (WL), wing to thorax ratio (W:T), sternopleural bristle number (SBN), sex-comb tooth number (SCTN), and ovariole number (ON) in 18 laboratory populations of Drosophila ananassae. FA levels of measured traits differed significantly among populations except for SBN (in males and females) and W:T ratio (in females). Positional fluctuating asymmetry (PFA), a sensitive measure of DI, also varied significantly among the populations for SBN in females and SCTN in males. Interestingly, both males and females were similar for nonsexual traits. However, when FA across all traits (sexual and nonsexual) was combined into a single composite index (CFA), significant differences were found for both populations and sexes. Males showed higher CFA values than females, suggesting that males are more prone to developmental perturbations. The magnitude of FA differed significantly among traits, being lowest for nonsexual traits (SBN, WL, W:T ratio) and highest for sexual traits (SCTN and ON). The trait size of sexual traits (SCTN and ON) was positively correlated with their asymmetry. The possible reasons for variation in FA both among traits and among populations, and the usefulness of FA as an indicator of developmental stress and phenotypic quality in D. ananassae are discussed.Key words: fluctuating asymmetry, developmental instability, morphological traits, laboratory populations, D. ananassae.

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