Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops

Brassica crops such as kale and swede can be supplied to cow diets during winter, however little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese. This study evaluated the effect of including kale or swede in pasture-fed lactating dairy cow diets on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Twelve early-lactation cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 square Latin square design. The control diet consisted of (DM basis) 10.0 kg of grass silage, 4.0 kg of fresh grass pasture, 1.5 kg soybean meal, 1.0 kg of canola meal, and 4.0 kg of cereal-based concentrate. The other treatments replaced 25% of the diet with swede or kale. Milk yield, milkfat, and milk protein were similar between treatments as were cheese moisture, fat, and protein. Swede and kale increased total saturated cheese FA while thrombogenic index was greater in swede, but color homogeneity and salty flavor were greater while ripe cheese aroma less than for kale. Kale or swede can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition, or cheese composition. However, kale and swede increased total cheese saturated FA.

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Effects of feeding blend-pelleted co-products on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aya Ismael ◽

Victor H. Guevara-Oquendo ◽

Basim Refat ◽

Xin Feng ◽

Peiqiang Yu

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Production Performance ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Nutrients Intake

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of feeding newly-developed blend-pelleted carinata meal (BPPCR) and blend-pelleted canola meal (BPPCN) on nutrients intake, digestibility, and production performance of high producing dairy cows. In this study, nine mid-lactating Holstein cows (BW 679 ±124 kg; DIM 96 ± 22) were used in a triplicated 3×3 Latin Square study. Within each square, each cow was randomly assigned to one of the three treatments: Control (typical barley-based diet in western Canada); BPPCR (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted carinata meal), BPPCN (soybean and canola meal in the control diet replaced by blend-pelleted canola meal). Each period lasted for 21 days, with the first 14 days as an adaptation period. The total collection of feces and urine were conducted on six cows from two Latin squares. The results showed that there were no treatment effects on milk yield, milk composition, milk yield, and nutrients intake and digestibility (P > 0.10). The nitrogen balance among the three treatment groups was not different either. In conclusion, replacing soybean meal and canola meal with blend-pelleted co-products did not affect the nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance in high producing dairy cows.

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Annatto seeds as Antioxidants Source with Linseed Oil for Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1465

Author(s):

Jesus A. C. Osorio ◽

João L. P. Daniel ◽

Jakeline F. Cabral ◽

Kleves V. Almeida ◽

Karoline L. Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Linseed Oil ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Latin Square ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Chain Fatty Acid

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of annatto seeds, linseed oil and their combination on DMI, apparent total tract digestibility, antioxidant capacity and milk composition of dairy cows. Four lactating Holstein cows (120 ± 43 days in milk; 15.98 ± 2.02 kg of milk/day, mean ± SD) were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without annatto seeds at 15 g/kg of dry matter (DM); with or without linseed oil at 30 g/kg of DM) and provided four different diets: control (no annatto seeds or linseed oil); annatto seeds (15 g/kg of DM); linseed oil (30 g/kg of DM); and a combination of both annatto seeds and linseed oil. Annatto seeds reduced DM intake, and milk yield, protein and lactose, but increased content of fat, total solids and short chain fatty acid, with no effect on total antioxidant capacity of milk. Linseed oil supplementation decreased medium chain fatty acid proportion and n-6/n-3 ratio, conversely it increased long chain fatty acids and n-3 fatty acid content of milk, ether extract intake and total-tract digestibility. Thus, linseed oil supplementation in dairy cow diets improved the milk FA profile but decreased milk fat concentration, whereas annatto seeds did not influence antioxidant capacity and depressed feed intake and milk yield.

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A comparison of untreated and formaldehyde-treated barley distiller’s solubles and rapeseed meal as protein supplements in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72410 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 455-463

Author(s):

Pekka Huhtanen ◽

Hannele Khalili ◽

Matti Näsi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Protein Supplementation ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Ad Libitum

Twenty Friesian cows in four pens were arranged in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment with 4 wk experimental periods to evaluate the effects on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of treating barley dried distiller’s solubles (DDS) with a formaldehyde reagent, and to compare DDS with rapeseed meal as a protein supplement in dairy cows given a grass silage-based diet. The control diet (C) consisted of grass silage ad libitum fed with 8.5 kg/d of concentrate based on barley, oats and barley fibre (250, 250 and 500 g/kg dry matter (DM)). In three other diets 1.5 kg/d of the basal concentrate was replaced with rapeseed meal (RSM) treated for reduced ruminal degradability, 1.5 kg of untreated DDS (UDDS) or 1.5 kg of DDS treated with formaldehyde reagent at the level of 15 l/t (TDDS). On average, protein supplementation increased silage and total DM intake by approximately 0.5 kg/d (P>0.05). Milk yield (P

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mRNA Expression of lipogenic enzymes in mammary tissue and fatty acid profile in milk of dairy cows fed flax hulls and infused with flax oil in the abomasum

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513003589 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 111 (6) ◽

pp. 1011-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marie-France Palin ◽

Cristiano Côrtes ◽

Chaouki Benchaar ◽

Pierre Lacasse ◽

Hélène V. Petit

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Mrna Abundance ◽

Mammary Tissue ◽

Lipogenic Genes ◽

Flax Oil

In the present study, the effect of flax hulls with or without flax oil bypassing the rumen on the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows was investigated. A total of eight dairy cows were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments: control diet with no flax hulls (CONT); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM (HULL); control diet with 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (COFO); diet with 9·88 % flax hulls in the DM and 500 g flax oil/d infused in the abomasum (HUFO). A higher mRNA abundance of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor, fatty acid (FA) synthase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), PPARγ1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-α was observed in cows fed HULL than in those fed CONT, and HUFO had the opposite effect. Compared with CONT, COFO and HUFO lowered the mRNA abundance of SCD, which may explain the lower proportions of MUFA in milk fat with flax oil infusion. The mRNA abundance of LPL in mammary tissue and proportions of long-chain FA in milk fat were higher in cows fed COFO than in those fed CONT. The highest proportions of trans FA were observed when cows were fed HULL. The present study demonstrates that flax hulls with or without flax oil infusion in the abomasum can affect the expression of lipogenic genes in the mammary tissue of dairy cows, which may contribute to the improvement of milk FA profile.

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Short communication: Chemical composition, fatty acid composition, and sensory characteristics of Chanco cheese from dairy cows supplemented with soybean and hydrogenated vegetable oils

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2014-8831 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 98 (1) ◽

pp. 111-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

K. Fehrmann-Cartes ◽

G. Íñiguez-González ◽

P. Toro-Mujica ◽

P.C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Short Communication ◽

Sensory Characteristics ◽

Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

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The effects of feeding high fiber canola meal on total tract digestibility and milk production

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a96-074 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. F. Mustafa ◽

D. A. Christensen ◽

J. J. McKinnon

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Latin Square ◽

Total Solid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Protein Supplement ◽

High Fiber

Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the nutritive value of high fiber canola meal (HFCM) relative to regular canola meal for ruminants. In the first study, 21 growing lambs were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the total tract digestion coefficients of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), gross energy (GED), neutral (NDFD) and acid (ADFD) detergent fiber and the digestible energy (DE) contents of seven dehydrated alfalfa-based diets containing 0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg−1 HFCM or canola meal. In the second study, the effect of feeding HFCM as a protein supplement to dairy cows relative to canola meal and soybean meal (SBM) was examined in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. Results of the first study showed that HFCM had lower (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, GED and DE contents than canola meal. The estimated DMD, CPD and GED and DE contents for HFCM were 674 and 795 g kg−1, 695 kJ MJ−1 and 13.68 MJ kg−1, respectively. The corresponding values for canola meal were 707 and 841 g kg−1, 727 kJ MJ−1 and 14.10 MJ kg−1, respectively. Results of the second study showed that protein supplement source had no effect on DM intake, milk yield, milk fat g kg−1, lactose g kg−1 and total solid g kg−1. However, cows fed HFCM- and canola meal-based diets produced milk with lower (P < 0.05) protein content than those fed the SBM-based diet. It was concluded that HFCM had lower total tract nutrient digestion coefficients and DE content compared with canola meal. Incorporation of HFCM in dairy rations up to 100 g kg−1 of the ration had no adverse effect on milk yield or milk composition compared with canola meal. Key words: High fiber, canola meal, total tract digestibility, lactation

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Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas2012-095 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 93 (1) ◽

pp. 137-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. E. Chibisa ◽

D. A. Christensen ◽

T. Mutsvangwa

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Protein Source ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Major Protein ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Total N ◽

Dried Distillers Grains

Chibisa, G. E., Christensen, D. A. and Mutsvangwa, T. 2013. Replacing canola meal as the major protein source with wheat dried distillers’ grains alters omasal fatty acid flow and milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 137–147. Wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles (W-DDGS) has a high fat content and is now commonly fed to dairy cows in western Canada. The objective was to determine the effects of replacing canola meal (CM) with W-DDGS on omasal fatty acid (FA) flow and milk FA composition. Four ruminally-cannulated lactating dairy cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design with 28-d periods. Cows were fed either a standard barley silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) (0% W-DDGS, control) or TMR containing 10, 15 and 20% W-DDGS, with W-DDGS replacing CM as the major protein source. The omasal flow of C18:1 trans-10, C18:1 trans-11, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA increased linearly with increasing levels of W-DDGS. There were quadratic changes in milk concentrations of total C18:2, C18:3n-3, total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and total n-6 PUFA as the level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in a linear increase in milk concentrations of CLA cis-9, trans-11, CLA trans-11, trans-13, and total CLA, whereas milk concentrations of C18:1 trans-11 tended to increase linearly when level of W-DDGS increased. Feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS resulted in quadratic changes in milk concentrations of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. In summary, feeding increasing amounts of W-DDGS increased milk concentrations of key FA like C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, CLA cis-9, trans-11, and total CLA, which can potentially improve human health.

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Proteomic analysis of the effects of lutein on mammary gland metabolism in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029918000298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Caihong Wang ◽

Chong Wang ◽

Jianxin Liu ◽

Hongyun Liu

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Control Diet ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽

Proteomic Approach ◽

Increased Blood Flow

The aim of the research reported in this Research Communication was to identify differentially expressed proteins in dairy cows with normal and lutein diet and to elucidate the mechanisms of lutein-induced effects on bovine mammary gland metabolism using a comparative proteomic approach. Thirty-three differentially expressed proteins were identified from mammary gland of control diet-fed and lutein diet-fed dairy cows. Among these proteins, 15 were upregulated and 18 were downregulated in the lutein group. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed proteins showed that increased blood flow, depressed glycolysis, enhanced lactose anabolism, decreased fatty acid oxidation and up-regulated beta lactoglobulin expression were connected with lutein addition. These results suggested that the increased blood flow, reduced glucose catabolism, enhanced capacity for milk lactose synthesis, depressed fatty acid catabolism and increased expression of antioxidantion related protein may be the prime factors contributing to the increased milk production and enhanced immune status in lutein-fed dairy cows. This study provides molecular mechanism of dietary lutein in regulating lactation of dairy cows.

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