scholarly journals High Frequency and Diversity of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in the Microbiota of Broiler Chickens in Tunisia

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Antonietta Di Francesco ◽  
Daniela Salvatore ◽  
Sonia Sakhria ◽  
Elena Catelli ◽  
Caterina Lupini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Tet Genes

Tetracycline resistance is still considered one of the most abundant antibiotic resistances among pathogenic and commensal microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tetracycline resistance (tet) genes in broiler chickens in Tunisia, and this was done by PCR. Individual cloacal swabs from 195 broiler chickens were collected at two slaughterhouses in the governorate of Ben Arous (Grand Tunis, Tunisia). Chickens were from 7 farms and belonged to 13 lots consisting of 15 animals randomly selected. DNA was extracted and tested for 14 tet genes. All the lots examined were positive for at least 9 tet genes, with an average number of 11 tet genes per lot. Of the 195 animals tested, 194 (99%) were positive for one or more tet genes. Tet(L), tet(M) and tet(O) genes were found in 98% of the samples, followed by tet(A) in 90.2%, tet(K) in 88.7% and tet(Q) in 80%. These results confirm the antimicrobial resistance impact in the Tunisian poultry sector and suggest the urgent need to establish a robust national antimicrobial resistance monitoring plan. Furthermore, the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes directly in biological samples seems to be a useful means for epidemiological investigations of the spread of resistance determinants.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants Circulating among Thermophilic Campylobacter Isolates Recovered from Broilers in Ireland Over a One-Year Period

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoimhe T. Lynch ◽  
Helen Lynch ◽  
Sarah Burke ◽  
Kayleigh Hawkins ◽  
Colin Buttimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Nucleotide Mutation ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability

Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis, very often associated with poultry consumption. Thermophilic Campylobacter (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) isolates (n = 158) recovered from broiler neck skin and caecal contents in Ireland over a one-year period, resistant to at least one of three clinically relevant antimicrobial classes, were screened for resistance determinants. All ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates (n = 99) harboured the C257T nucleotide mutation (conferring the Thr-86-Ile substitution) in conjunction with other synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations, which may have epidemiological value. The A2075G nucleotide mutation and amino acid substitutions in L4 and L22 were detected in all erythromycin-resistant isolates (n = 5). The tetO gene was detected in 100% (n = 119) of tetracycline-resistant isolates and three of which were found to harbour the mosaic tetracycline resistance gene tetO/32/O. Two streptomycin-resistant C. jejuni isolates (isolated from the same flock) harboured ant(6)-Ib, located in a multidrug resistance genomic island, containing aminoglycoside, streptothricin (satA) and tetracycline resistance genes (truncated tetO and mosaic tetO/32/O). The ant(6)-Ie gene was identified in two streptomycin-resistant C. coli isolates. This study highlights the widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants among chicken-associated Campylobacter isolates, through horizontal gene transfer or clonal expansion of resistant lineages. The stability of such resistance determinants is compounded by the fluidity of mobile genetic element.

scholarly journals Incidence, Distribution, and Spread of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants and Integron-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes among Motile Aeromonads from a Fish Farming Environment

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja S. Schmidt ◽  
Morten S. Bruun ◽  
Inger Dalsgaard ◽  
Jens L. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT A collection of 313 motile aeromonads isolated at Danish rainbow trout farms was analyzed to identify some of the genes involved in high levels of antimicrobial resistance found in a previous field trial (A. S. Schmidt, M. S. Bruun, I. Dalsgaard, K. Pedersen, and J. L. Larsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:4908–4915, 2000), the predominant resistance phenotype (37%) being a combined oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulphadiazine/trimethoprim resistance. Combined sulphonamide/trimethoprim resistance (135 isolates) appeared closely related to the presence of a class 1 integron (141 strains). Among the isolates containing integrons, four different combinations of integrated resistance gene cassettes occurred, in all cases including a dihydrofolate reductase gene and a downstream aminoglycoside resistance insert (87 isolates) and occasionally an additional chloramphenicol resistance gene cassette (31 isolates). In addition, 23 isolates had “empty” integrons without inserted gene cassettes. As far as OTC resistance was concerned, only 66 (30%) out of 216 resistant aeromonads could be assigned to resistance determinant class A (19 isolates), D (n = 6), or E (n = 39); three isolates contained two tetracycline resistance determinants (AD, AE, and DE). Forty OTC-resistant isolates containing large plasmids were selected as donors in a conjugation assay, 27 of which also contained a class 1 integron. Out of 17 successful R-plasmid transfers to Escherichia coli recipients, the respective integrons were cotransferred along with the tetracycline resistance determinants in 15 matings. Transconjugants were predominantly tetApositive (10 of 17) and contained class 1 integrons with two or more inserted antibiotic resistance genes. While there appeared to be a positive correlation between conjugative R-plasmids andtetA among the OTC-resistant aeromonads, tetEand the unclassified OTC resistance genes as well as class 1 integrons were equally distributed among isolates with and without plasmids. These findings indicate the implication of other mechanisms of gene transfer besides plasmid transfer in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among environmental motile aeromonads.

scholarly journals Genotypic antimicrobial resistance characterization of E. coli from dairy calves at high risk of respiratory disease administered enrofloxacin or tulathromycin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Pereira ◽  
C. Foditsch ◽  
J. D. Siler ◽  
S. C. Dulièpre ◽  
C. Altier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect of enrofloxacin or tulathromycin use in calves at high risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on antimicrobial resistance genes and mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) in fecal E. coli. Calves at high risk of developing BRD were randomly enrolled in one of three groups receiving: (1) enrofloxacin (ENR; n = 22); (2) tulathromycin (TUL; n = 24); or (3) no treatment (CTL; n = 21). Fecal samples were collected at enrollment and at 7, 28, and 56 days after beginning treatment, cultured for Escherichiacoli (EC) and DNA extracted. Isolates were screened for cephalosporin, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes using PCR. QRDR screening was conducted using Sanger sequencing. The only resistance genes detected were aac(6′)Ib-cr (n = 13), bla-CTX-M (n = 51), bla-TEM (n = 117), tetA (n = 142) and tetB (n = 101). A significantly higher detection of gyrA mutated at position 248 at time points 7 (OR = 11.5; P value = 0.03) and 28 (OR = 9.0; P value = 0.05) was observed in the ENR group when compared to calves in the control group. Our findings support a better understanding of the potential impacts from the use of enrofloxacin in calves on the selection and persistence of resistance.

scholarly journals Frequency and Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in Genetically Diverse, Nonselected, and Nonclinical Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diverse Human and Animal Sources

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 2503-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bryan ◽  
Nir Shapir ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

ABSTRACT Nonselected and natural populations of Escherichia coli from 12 animal sources and humans were examined for the presence and types of 14 tetracycline resistance determinants. Of 1,263 unique E. coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, turkeys, sheep, cows, goats, cats, dogs, horses, geese, ducks, and deer, 31% were highly resistant to tetracycline. More than 78, 47, and 41% of the E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens, and turkeys were resistant or highly resistant to tetracycline, respectively. Tetracycline MICs for 61, 29, and 29% of E. coli isolates from pig, chickens, and turkeys, respectively, were ≥233 μg/ml. Muliplex PCR analyses indicated that 97% of these strains contained at least 1 of 14 tetracycline resistance genes [tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetG, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, tetS, tetA(P), tetQ, and tetX] examined. While the most common genes found in these isolates were tetB (63%) and tetA (35%), tetC, tetD, and tetM were also found. E. coli isolates from pigs and chickens were the only strains to have tetM. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of tetM in E. coli.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistomes discovered in the gut microbiomes of Korean swine and cattle

GigaScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Kyung Lim ◽  
Dongjun Kim ◽  
Dong-Chan Moon ◽  
Youna Cho ◽  
Mina Rho
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistance Determinant ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Term Evolution

Abstract Background Antibiotics administered to farm animals have led to increasing prevalence of resistance genes in different microbiomes and environments. While antibiotic treatments help cure infectious diseases in farm animals, the possibility of spreading antibiotic resistance genes into the environment and human microbiomes raises significant concerns. Through long-term evolution, antibiotic resistance genes have mutated, thereby complicating the resistance problems. Results In this study, we performed deep sequencing of the gut microbiomes of 36 swine and 41 cattle in Korean farms, and metagenomic analysis to understand the diversity and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes. We found that aminoglycoside, β-lactam, lincosamide, streptogramin, and tetracycline were the prevalent resistance determinants in both swine and cattle. Tetracycline resistance was abundant and prevalent in cattle and swine. Specifically, tetQ, tetW, tetO, tet32, and tet44 were the 5 most abundant and prevalent tetracycline resistance genes. Their prevalence was almost 100% in swine and cattle. While tetQ was similarly abundant in both swine and cattle, tetW was more abundant in swine than in cattle. Aminoglycoside was the second highest abundant resistance determinant in swine, but not in cattle. In particular, ANT(6) and APH(3′′) were the dominant resistance gene families in swine. β-lactam was also an abundant resistance determinant in both swine and cattle. Cfx was the major contributing gene family conferring resistance against β-lactams. Conclusions Antibiotic resistome was more pervasive in swine than in cattle. Specifically, prevalent antibiotic resistance genes (prevalence >50%) were found more in swine than in cattle. Genomic investigation of specific resistance genes from the gut microbiomes of swine and cattle in this study should provide opportunities to better understand the exchange of antibiotic resistance genes in farm animals.

scholarly journals Characterization of Erythromycin and Tetracycline Resistance in Lactobacillus fermentum Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Anisimova ◽  
Dina Yarullina
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Determinants

Lactobacillus fermentum colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals is widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics. These bacteria may function as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes, which can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in these microorganisms is necessary to approve their safety status. The aim of this study was to characterize erythromycin and tetracycline resistance of L. fermentum isolates and to estimate the potential transfer of resistance genes from lactobacilli to the other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Among six L. fermentum strains isolated from human feces and commercial dairy products, five strains demonstrated phenotypic resistance to tetracycline. PCR screening for antibiotic resistance determinants revealed plasmid-located tetracycline resistance genes tet(K) and tet(M) in all strains and erythromycin resistance genes erm(B) in the chromosome of L. fermentum 5-1 and erm(C) in the plasmid of L. fermentum 3-4. All tested lactobacilli lacked conjugative transposon Tn916 and were not able to transfer tetracycline resistance genes to Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli by filter mating. Staphylococcus haemolyticus did not accept erythromycin resistance genes from corresponding Lactobacillus strains. Thus, in the present study, L. fermentum was not implicated in the spread of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance, but still these strains pose the threat to the environment and human health because they harbored erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in their plasmids and therefore should not be used in foods and probiotics.

scholarly journals Tracking Reservoirs of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in a Complex Microbial Community Using Metagenomic Hi-C: The Case of Bovine Digital Dermatitis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Ashenafi F. Beyi ◽  
Alan Hassall ◽  
Gregory J. Phillips ◽  
Paul J. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Digital Dermatitis ◽  
Proximity Ligation ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Complex Microbial Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a contagious infectious cause of lameness in cattle with unknown definitive etiologies. Many of the bacterial species detected in metagenomic analyses of DD lesions are difficult to culture, and their antimicrobial resistance status is largely unknown. Recently, a novel proximity ligation-guided metagenomic approach (Hi-C ProxiMeta) has been used to identify bacterial reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) directly from microbial communities, without the need to culture individual bacteria. The objective of this study was to track tetracycline resistance determinants in bacteria involved in DD pathogenesis using Hi-C. A pooled sample of macerated tissues from clinical DD lesions was used for this purpose. Metagenome deconvolution using ProxiMeta resulted in the creation of 40 metagenome-assembled genomes with ≥80% complete genomes, classified into five phyla. Further, 1959 tetracycline resistance genes and ARGs conferring resistance to aminoglycoside, beta-lactams, sulfonamide, phenicol, lincosamide, and erythromycin were identified along with their bacterial hosts. In conclusion, the widespread distribution of genes conferring resistance against tetracycline and other antimicrobials in bacteria of DD lesions is reported for the first time. Use of proximity ligation to identify microorganisms hosting specific ARGs holds promise for tracking ARGs transmission in complex microbial communities.

scholarly journals Macleaya cordata extracts suppressed the increase of a part of antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-887
Author(s):  
Y. Li ◽  
H. Li ◽  
Q. Chu ◽  
F. Xu ◽  
T. Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance Genes ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Macleaya Cordata

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Macleaya cordata extracts (Chinese herbal medicine extracts) and antibiotics combination with chlortetracycline (CTC) on the antibiotic resistance genes in fecal microorganism. Compared with the group without antibiotics, the relative abundances of all six tetracycline resistance genes were increased after 75 mg kg−1 CTC supplementation. Interestingly, M. cordata extracts in feed suppressed the increase of a part of tetracycline resistance genes in fecal microorganism of weaned pigs.

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