scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Boswellic Acid on Fipronil-Induced Toxicity: Antioxidant State, Apoptotic Markers, and Testicular Steroidogenic Expression in Male Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1302
Author(s):  
Hossam G. Tohamy ◽  
Sara E. El-Kazaz ◽  
Saqer S. Alotaibi ◽  
Hawary S. Ibrahiem ◽  
Mustafa Shukry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Boswellic Acid ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factors ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Sexual Glands ◽  
Nuclear Cell

The study investigated the ability of boswellic acid (BA) to alleviate the testicular and oxidative injury FPN insecticide intoxication in the male rat model. Rats were randomly assigned to six equivalent groups (six rats each) as the following: control rats orally administered with 2 mL physiological saline/kg of body weight (bwt); boswellic acid (BA1) rats orally administered 250 mg BA/kg bwt; boswellic acid (BA2) rats orally administered 500 mg BA/kg bwt; fipronil (FPN) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt; (FPN + BA1) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt plus 250 mg BA/kg bwt, and (FPN + BA2) rats orally administered 20 mg FPN/kg bwt plus 500 mg BA/kg bwt. After 60 days, semen viability percentage and live spermatozoa percentage were decreased, and a considerably increased abnormality of the sperm cells in FPN-administered rats improved substantially with the co-administration of BA. BA had refinement of the histological architecture of testes and sexual glands. Quantitative analysis recorded a noticeable decline in the nuclear cell-proliferating antigen (PCNA) percentage area. FPN triggered cell damage, which was suggested by elevated malondialdehyde and interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factors alpha, and decreased glutathione level. Proapoptotic factor overexpression is mediated by FPN administration, while it decreased the antiapoptotic protein expression. Similarly, BA has shown significant upregulation in steroidogenic and fertility-related gene expression concerning the FPN group. Pathophysiological damages induced by FPN could be alleviated by BA’s antioxidant ability and antiapoptotic factor alongside the upregulation of steroidogenic and fertility-related genes and regimented the detrimental effects of FPN on antioxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers.

EFFECTS OF ANTI-OESTROGEN TREATMENT OF NEONATAL MALE RATS ON LORDOSIS BEHAVIOUR AND MOUNTING BEHAVIOUR IN THE ADULT

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. SÖDERSTEN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glans Penis ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sexual Glands ◽  
Lordosis Behaviour

Male rats were treated daily with 100 μg of the anti-oestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) or oil during the first 10 days of life and tested for lordosis behaviour and mounting behaviour as intact adults, after castration and after castration and oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate treatment. The MER-25-treated rats showed higher levels of lordosis behaviour than oil-treated rats in all four treatment groups. Under each of these endocrine conditions, except after castration alone, the MER-25-treated rats showed a reduced capacity to ejaculate. Treatment of the neonatal rat with MER-25 reduced body weight in adulthood but did not change the weight of the accessory sexual glands, the testes, the number of cornified papillae on the glans penis or plasma testosterone concentrations during development. The response of the accessory sexual glands and cornified papillae on the glans penis to treatment with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate after castration in adulthood was unaffected by treatment with MER-25. It is suggested that formation of oestrogen in the neonatal male rat brain from testosterone in the circulation inhibits the capacity to show lordosis behaviour and facilitates the capacity to ejaculate in response to gonadal hormone treatment in adulthood.

Alteration of intrapancreatic serotonin, homocysteine, TNF-α, and NGF levels as predisposing factors for diabetes following exposure to 900-MHz waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 074823372110226
Author(s):  
Gholamali Jelodar ◽  
Mansour Azimzadeh ◽  
Fatemeh Radmard ◽  
Narges Darvishhoo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time

Exposure to mobile phone radiation causes deleterious health effects on biological systems. The objects of this study were to investigate the effect of 900-MHz radiofrequency waves (RFW) emitted from base transceiver station antenna on intrapancreatic homocysteine (Hcy), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nerve growth factor (NGF) as predisposing factors involved in pancreatic beta cell damage. Thirty male rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200 ± 10 g) were randomly divided into the control (without any exposure) and exposed groups: short time (2 h/day), long time (4 h/day), and exposed to 900-MHz RFW for 30 consecutive days. On the last days of the experiment, animals were killed and pancreas tissue was dissected out for evaluation of serotonin, Hcy, TNF-α, and NGF. There was a significant decrease in the serotonin and NGF levels in the pancreatic tissue of exposed groups compared to the control group ( p < 0.05). Also, the levels of serotonin and NGF in the long-time exposure were significantly lower than the short-time exposure ( p < 0.05). However, levels of Hcy and TNF-α were significantly increased in the pancreas of exposed groups compared to the control groups ( p < 0.05). Exposure to 900-MHz RFW decreased pancreatic NGF and serotonin levels and increased the proinflammatory markers (Hcy and TNF-α), which can be a predisposing factor for type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Programming Effect of the Parental Obesity on the Skeletal System of Offspring at Weaning Day

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Piotr Radzki ◽  
Marek Bienko ◽  
Dariusz Wolski ◽  
Monika Ostapiuk ◽  
Pawel Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Thickness

Our study aimed to verify the hypothesis of the existence of a programming effect of parental obesity on the growth, development and mineralization of the skeletal system in female and male rat offspring on the day of weaning. The study began with the induction of obesity in female and male rats of the parental generation, using a high-energy diet (group F). Females and males of the control group received the standard diet (group S). After 90 days of dietary-induced obesity, the diet in group F was changed into the standard. Rats from groups F and S were mated to obtain offspring which stayed with their mothers until 21 days of age. Tibia was tested using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), micro-computed tomography (µCT) and mechanical strength using the three-point bending test. Biochemical analysis of blood serum bone metabolism markers was performed. DXA analysis showed higher tibia bone mineral content (BMC) and area. pQCT measurements of cortical and trabecular tissue documented the increase of the volumetric bone mineral density and BMC of both bone compartments in offspring from the F group, while µCT of the trabecular tissue showed an increase in trabecular thickness and a decrease of its separation. Parental obesity, hence, exerts a programming influence on the development of the skeletal system of the offspring on the day of the weaning, which was reflected in the intensification of mineralization and increased bone strength.

109 Chemogenetic silencing of corticotropin releasing factor neurons in the paraventricular nucleus: the effect on post-stress sleep

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A45-A45
Author(s):  
Irma Gvilia ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Dennis McGinty ◽  
Ronald Szymusiak
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sleep Onset Latency ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Crf Neurons ◽  
Emg Electrodes ◽  
Post Stress

Abstract Introduction We have previously shown that pharmacological elevation of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the brain results in exacerbation of sleep disturbances evoked by the exposure of rats to an acute stressor, the dirty cage of a male rat. In the present study we (1) assessed wake-sleep behavior of mice after the exposure to the dirty cage stress paradigm, and (2) examined the effect of chemogenetic silencing of CRF neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on sleep occurring following the exposure to this stressor. Methods First, a group of mice (n=12) was implanted with EEG/EMG electrodes. In two weeks, post-surgery, six mice were transferred to dirty cages of male rats and recorded for 24 hours. Control mice were transferred to clean cages. In the second study, a group of CRF-ires-cre mice (n=8) received bilateral injections of AAV-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-mCherry targeting the PVN. The other group of CRF-ires-cre mice (n=8) was injected AAV-hSyn-DIO-mCherry (control vector). All mice were implanted with EEG/EMG electrodes. Dirty cage experiments were started following a 4-week postsurgical period to allow gene recombination and expression. Mice were subjected to intraperitoneal (IP) administration of clozapine-n-oxide (CNO; 3 mg/kg) at ZT1, placed into dirty cages, and recorded for post-stress sleep. Results: Results In mice expressing hM4Di inhibitory DREADDs (designer receptors activated by designer drugs) versus mice injected with control AAV, IP CNO (3 mg/kg) resulted in a significant decrease of post-stress sleep onset latency, decrease of time spent in wakefulness (first hour, 74±5.3 vs. 89±11.0, second hour, 37.2±10.3% vs. 81.3±9.3%; third hour, 40.1±3.3% vs. 47.1±14.3%; fourth hour, 44.4±6.0 vs. 55.5±9.9), and increase in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time (26.0±5.4% vs. 11.0±11.1%; 62.8%±9.8 vs. 18.7 ± 9.6%; 59.9±3.2% vs. 52.9±14.5%; 55.6±6.2 vs. 44.5±10.0). The hM4Di expressing mice exhibited longer episodes of NREM sleep, compared to mice injected with control AAV (first hour, 133.3±80.1sec vs. 21±1.7sec; second hour, 43256±83.4sec vs. 73.5±44.1sec; third hour, 459.2±139.8sec vs. 139±80.6sec; fourth hour, 233.1±82.6sec vs. 190±72.3sec). Conclusion Chemogenetic silencing of CRF neurons in the PVN attenuates acute stress-induced sleep disturbance in mice. Support (if any) Supported by Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Grant # BX00155605 and SRNSF (Georgia) grant FR-18-12533

Certain aspects of the host-parasite relationship ofNematospiroides dubius(Baylis). II. The effect of sex on experimental infections in the rat (an abnormal host)

Parasitology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 51 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Nematospiroides Dubius ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

1. The male rat is more susceptible to infections ofNematospiroides dubiusthan the female. As the rat grows older the resistance of the female rat to infection increases at a greater rate than that of the male.2. The course of the infection is modified by the sex of the host.3. More larvae penetrated the intestinal mucosa to encyst in the male than in the female. More larvae, however, formed cysts in the female than in the male rat by the fifth day.4. The male harboured more adult worms than the female rat, although this difference was not significant in the immature animals.5. The sex resistance of the rat toN. dubiusinfections was removed by bilateral gonadectomy. Castration decreased the susceptibility of the male rat, while spaying increased it in the female compared with the susceptibility in the respective normal hosts.6. Subsequent replacement of the homologous sex hormone in the gonadectomized rat restores the sex resistance, and may even increase it (particularly in the immature animals). Oestradiol increased the resistance of the spayed female rat, while testosterone increased the susceptibility of the castrate male rat to infection.7. Oestradiol implanted in castrate male rats increased the resistance of these hosts to a greater level than was shown in the normal male rat.8. The rat shows a marked age resistance over which the sex resistance is superimposed.9. The relationship between the sex of the host and its resistance to infection is discussed.This work was done during the tenure of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Studentship. My thanks are due to Dr E. T. B. Francis for his helpful and critical supervision and to Professor I. Chester Jones, in whose department the work was done, for the facilities he provided.

scholarly journals Pubertal Acceleration of Pulsatile Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release in Male Rats as Revealed by Microdialysis

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn C. Harris ◽  
Jon E. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Pubertal Maturation ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Generator Activity ◽  
Mature Spermatozoa

Abstract A microdialysis technique was used in male rats to directly assess the postulate that pubertal maturation is associated with accelerated GnRH pulsatility. Juvenile male rats, postnatal d 43 or 45 (n = 4) were stereotaxically fitted with guide cannulas directed toward the lateral median eminence, and repeated microdialysis experiments were conducted over 4–6 d. In each session, samples were collected continuously over 12 h (0900–2100 h) at 5-min intervals Results from individual peripubertal animals were pooled into two time bins for postnatal d 45–47 and 48–50, respectively, and GnRH characteristics were compared between the two epochs. The GnRH pulse frequency and mean GnRH concentration were significantly elevated at 48–50 d compared with 45–47 d. The GnRH pulsatility characteristics for 45–47 d vs. 48–50 d were as follows: pulse frequency, 0.74 ± 0.16 vs. 1.79 ± 0.19 pulses/h (P &lt; 0.05); pulse amplitude, 254.1 ± 22.3 vs. 347.2 ± 15.8 Δpg/ml (difference in value from trough to peak); and mean release, 0.55 ± 0.03 vs. 2.04 ± 0.04 pg/5 min (P &lt; 0.05). An additional two rats were dialyzed only once on postnatal d 50 to assess the effects of repeated sampling; the GnRH pulse characteristics in these animals were similar to those in rats sampled for a third or fourth time on postnatal d 48–50. To further assess the possible effects of repeated sampling on GnRH release profiles, a group of adult male rats (postnatal d 95–105; n = 3) was also dialyzed on four consecutive days. In these rats no significant alteration in GnRH pulse generator activity was observed over the four sessions. Moreover, the increase in GnRH pulse frequency observed in the peripubertal rats was found to be sustained in adult animals. To better understand the temporal relationship of GnRH pulse generator activity to reproductive maturation, groups of male rats were killed from postnatal d 45–56 along with an adult group at 95–105 d (n = 5/group) and examined for physiological signs of reproductive development. Gradual increases in serum levels of LH and testosterone and decreases in FSH and inhibin B were seen from postnatal d 45–56 to adulthood. Mature spermatozoa were found in the vas deferens by postnatal d 53. Our results demonstrate that in the late juvenile stage of male rat development, GnRH pulse generator activity is gradually accelerated over the course of consecutive days. This acceleration occurs over a period during which serum LH and testosterone are rising to adult levels, and it precedes the presence of mature spermatozoa in the vas deferens by 3 d. Our observations provide direct support for the hypothesis that an acceleration of GnRH pulsatility is the critical neural stimulus for the initiation of pubertal maturation in males. The peripheral and central cues that prompt the pubertal activation of the GnRH pulse generator remain to be characterized.

HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-TESTICULAR SYSTEM AND ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Verjans ◽  
K. B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intramuscular Administration ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Pituitary Secretion ◽  
Slight Elevation

ABSTRACT Effect of intramuscular administration of ACTH or dexamethasone on blood serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH was examined in intact and castrated, adult, male rats. Six IU ACTH or 1 mg dexamethasone were given daily for 7 days. Corticotrophin treatment had no influence on circulating testosterone, LH and FSH in intact or castrated male rats. Dexamethasone administration resulted in a slight elevation of serum FSH in intact animals but not in castrates. LH and testosterone remained normal in both intact and castrated animals injected with dexamethasone. Under our conditions of study the secretions from the adrenal gland appear to be insignificant for the regulation of pituitary secretion of gonadotrophins in the male rat.

scholarly journals Increased bioactivation of dihaloalkanes in rat liver due to induction of class Theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1

1998 ◽  
Vol 335 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. SHERRATT ◽  
Margaret M. MANSON ◽  
Anne M. THOMSON ◽  
Erna A. M. HISSINK ◽  
Gordon E. NEAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Potent Inducer

A characteristic feature of the class Theta glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1-1 is its ability to activate dichloromethane and dibromoethane by catalysing the formation of mutagenic conjugates. The level of the GSTT1 subunit within tissues is an important determinant of susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of these dihaloalkanes. In the present study it is demonstrated that hepatic GST activity towards these compounds can be elevated significantly in female and male Fischer-344 rats by feeding these animals on diets supplemented with cancer chemopreventive agents. Immunoblotting experiments showed that increased activity towards the dihaloalkanes is associated with elevated levels of the GSTT1 subunit in rat liver. Sex-specific effects were observed in the induction of GSTT1 protein. Amongst the chemopreventive agents tested, indole-3-carbinol proved to be the most potent inducer of hepatic GSTT1 in male rats (6.2-fold), whereas coumarin was the most potent inducer of this subunit in the livers of female rats (3.5-fold). Phenobarbital showed significant induction of GSTT1 only in male rat liver and had little effect in female rat liver. Western blotting showed that class Alpha, Mu and Pi GST subunits are not co-ordinately induced with GSTT1, indicating that the expression of GSTT1 is determined, at least in part, by mechanisms distinct from those that regulate levels of other transferases. The increase in amount of hepatic GSTT1 protein was also reflected by an increase in the steady-state level of mRNA in response to treatment with chemopreventive agents and model inducers. Immunohistochemical detection of GSTT1 in rat liver supported the Western blotting data, but showed, in addition to cytoplasmic staining, significant nuclear localization of the enzyme in hepatocytes from some treated animals, including those fed on an oltipraz-containing diet. Significantly, the hepatic level of cytochrome P-450 2E1, an enzyme which offers a detoxification pathway for dihaloalkanes, was unchanged by the various inducing agents studied. It is concluded that the induction of GSTT1 by dietary components and its localization within cells are important factors that should be considered when assessing the risk dihaloalkanes pose to human health.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF YOHIMBINE ON CLOMIPRAMINE-INDUCED SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN MALE RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Devangam Sheshadri Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Testicular Damage

Object: The present investigation has been carried out to find out the effect of yohimbine on clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats.Methods: The male rats were treated with clomipramine and yohimbine simultaneously for 60 days. During the treatment, all the male rats werechallenged with the female rats which are in estrous phase and their sexual behavior was observed under dim red light. Half of the animals in each group and remaining on 60 day were sacrificed, blood was collected and serum separated. Testis was collected and preserved in 10% formalin forsubsequent histopathological examination. thResults: The study reveals that yohimbine failed to antagonize the clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats in all aspects, except thepartial improvement in the sexual behavior.Conclusion: Yohimbine a well-known aphrodisiac failed to antagonize the clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. The decrease intestosterone levels, a decrease in spermatozoa count were continued even in the presence of yohimbine except improvement in the sexual behaviorparameters. Hence, yohimbine could not be a safe antidote against clomipramine-induced sexual dysfunction in male rats.Keywords: Yohimbine, Clomipramine, Testosterone, Male rat sexual competence, Testicular damage.

scholarly journals CONCENTRATION OF THE GONADOTROPIC HORMONE IN PREGNANT MARE'S SERUM

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Evans ◽  
Edwin L. Gustus ◽  
Miriam E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormone ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Active Aluminum

The gonadotropic hormone of the blood of the pregnant mare has been greatly concentrated by adsorption on active aluminum hydroxide followed by elution. The preparations so obtained gave demonstrable gonadotropic effects within 100 hours in 21 day old female mice following three subcutaneous injections of 0.001 mg. in 1 cc. of physiological saline. As is well known, other gonadotropic substances do not cause conspicuous development of the male gonads but injections of comparatively large doses of these preparations into immature male rats caused marked development of the testes, which in 10 days were trebled in weight. An astonishing increase in the weight of the seminal vesicles resulted, for these organs were approximately 75 times heavier than in controls.

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