scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Tao Tang ◽  
Jinhai Bai ◽  
Zhipeng Ao ◽  
Zehong Wei ◽  
Yi Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera

The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (p < 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (p < 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (p < 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (p < 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (p < 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (p < 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (p < 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (p < 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.

Effects of Broussonetia papyrifera-fermented feed on the growth performance and muscle quality of Hu sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780
Author(s):  
Yingyu Su ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Yu Cai ◽  
Bolan Gao ◽  
Xijun Zhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Group I ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
Hu Sheep

This study aims to determine the effect of adding different proportions of Broussonetia papyrifera (BP)-fermented feed on Hu sheep. A total of 40 male Hu sheep (weighting 20.6 ± 2.20 kg) were collected and then divided into group I, II, III, and IV, with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of BP-fermented feed to based diet, respectively. After the trial period of 10 and 50 d, the sheep were slaughtered by conventional methods for the chemical analyses. It showed that adding 10% fermented feed could significantly increase the growth performance of the Hu sheep. Adding the fermented feed can improve the protein level, main flavor amino acid content, and fatty acid in the muscle. Based on the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry methods, a total of 125, 120, 119, and 117 kinds of volatile compounds were identified in group I, II, III, and IV, among which the relative content of the acid compound, ester compound, ketone compound, and aldehydes in group II, III, and IV were higher than that in control group, respectively. Addition of BP-fermented feed could significantly improve growth performance and meat quality of Hu sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotics (Bacillus subtilis) on the Growth and Survival of Fingerlings of Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Shahziya Shah ◽  
Anayitullah Chesti ◽  
Mansoor Rather ◽  
Mehak Hafeez ◽  
Anam Aijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
The Impact

In the modern high intensity aquaculture, probiotics offer an encouraging substitute to chemicals and antibiotics, one such important application of probiotics is their use as growth promoters, in addition to health and water quality management. On the same background, the study was carried to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of probiotic - Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).The probiotic - Bacillus subtilis was mixed with the basal diet (Protein 32%) in three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % designated as T1, T2, and T3). The basal feed with no probiotic was used as control (T0). The impact was recorded for a period of 60 days. Feeding was done twice a day at the rate of 5% of their body weight. Growth performance was evaluated through estimation of weight gain, feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), protein Efficiency Ratio (PER), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). It was observed that the probiotic Bacillussubtilis fed at 1.5% significantly improved the growth performance of the fish Ctenopharyngodon idella showing the highest growth rate followed by 1% and 0.5% probiotic fed diets. Lowest growth rate was recorded in control group.

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Changyong Mu ◽  
Qiwang Zhong ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Grass Carp Reovirus ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rat Muscle Structure in Pre-Menopausal Period after Regular Resistance Exercise and Taking Vitamin D and Calcium Supplements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Zahra Hosseini Sisi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Vafaeenasab ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Calcium Supplements

Introduction: Menopause can change the musculoskeletal system by reducing estrogen hormone levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular resistance training accompanied by vitamins D and calcium supplements during pre-menopausal period on muscle tissues of Wistar rats’ postmenopausal period. Methods: In this experimental study, female Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, placebo, vitamins D, Calcium, excercise, vitamins D- Calcium, vitamins.D- excercise, Calcium - excercise, and vitamins.D‐ Calcium - excercise groups. Control and placebo groups were fed with a standard diet and sesame oil, respectively. The amount of calcium consumed was 35 mg / kg and the amount of vitamin D was 10000 IU during the two-month period, and in the resistance training groups, two months of training was performed with a ladder. Then ovariectomy was done and sample of the gastrocnemius muscle was taken and the diameter of muscle fiber, the number of muscle and adipocyte cell as well as the number of inflammatory cells were studied. The statistical analysis by means of one-way ANOVA and SPSS version 20 was performed. Results: Compared to the control group, the increase in the number of adipocyte cells were observed in the vitamin D, calcium-vitamin D, vitamin D-resistance exercise and placebo groups but it was not significantly different. Muscle fiber diameter significantly increased in all groups compared to the control group (P <0.001). The number of muscle cells increased significantly in the calcium-resistance exercise group (103± 9), vitamin D-resistance exercise (105 ±6.9) and calcium-vitamin D-resistance exercise (114 ± 3.16) compared to the control group, while, there was a significant increase in inflammatory cells only in the control and placebo groups (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Regular resistance exercise accompanied with vitamin D and Calcium supplements in premenopausal period can improve muscle fiber diameter and muscle cell numbers; in addition, the process of decrease in the muscle strength and muscle inflammation during menopause will be delayed.

scholarly journals Goat kid slaughter value and muscle quality after dietary supplementation with an alfalfa protein–xanthophyll concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Szymanowska ◽  
Anna Miduch ◽  
Tomasz Maria Gruszecki ◽  
Monika Greguła-Kania ◽  
Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fattening Period

Abstract. The objective of this study was to determine the effect on goat kids of supplementation with protein–xanthophyll concentrate (PX) obtained from alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Assessments were made on carcass dressing percentage and the lipid profiles of muscle tissue. When the animals reached 30 days old (the start of the fattening period), they were allocated to two feeding groups: a control group (K), which received a standard concentrate diet, and an experimental group (D), which was fed a modified control diet where 3 % of the soybean meal was replaced with an alfalfa protein–xanthophyll preparation (PX). For the rest of the study the kids had ad libitum access to dam milk, hay and their respective diets. After 90 days of rearing (from the end of the fattening period up to when the kids were approximately 120 days of age), five (male) kids were randomly selected from each group and slaughtered. Overall, PX supplementation in goat kids does not affect any parameters of fattening, such as slaughter weight, daily weight gains or dressing percentage. However, beneficial effects of feeding with PX concentrate were found in a higher loin percentage and improved tissue composition resulting from lower fat tissue content. Moreover the PX dietary supplement improved the chemical composition of the muscle tissue by increasing the content of protein and unsaturated fatty acids. Taken together, our results suggest that supplementing the fattening diet for goat kids with the PX preparation did not affect the quantitative parameters of fattening but had a positive influence on the quality of carcass composition.

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