Vacuum Dynamics as an Alternative Method for Detection of Bimodal Milk Ejection in Dairy Cows

The primary objective of our study was to assess the ability of a vacuum recorder to detect the presence of bimodal milk flow curves in dairy cows compared with a portable milk flow meter. In a cross-sectional study, 241 individual cow milking observations were analyzed. We simultaneously collected (1) individual cow vacuum events during milking using portable vacuum recorders, and (2) individual cow milk flow curves by attaching a portable milk flow meter to the same milking unit. Presence of bimodality was assessed with the vacuum recorder visually (BIMVA) and with the gold standard method of a milk flow meter through automatic detection (BIMLA). Kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement between BIMVA and BIMLA [κ, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) = 0.59 (0.46–0.71)]. Diagnostic test statistics for BIMVA for detection of bimodality indicated moderate performance for sensitivity [0.65 (0.52–0.76)] and positive predictive value [0.71 (0.58–0.82)] and high values for specificity [0.92 (0.87–0.95)] and negative predictive value [0.93 (0.84–0.93)]. We conclude that milking vacuum dynamics are a suitable measure to assess bimodal milk flow curves in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Milkability Evaluation of Jersey Dairy Cows by Lactocorder

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tina Bobić ◽

Pero Mijić ◽

Vesna Gantner ◽

Gjoko Bunevski ◽

Maja Gregić

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Flow Curve ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Flow Curves ◽

Daily Production ◽

Udder Health ◽

Milk Flow ◽

Jersey Cows ◽

Lower Production

AbstractSince there is not enough data about milkability of the Jersey cows, the aim of this paper is to show basic milkability traits of this cattle breed depending on the parity and milk flow curve types. Cows had average daily production (DMY) of 22.23 kg, milk yield per milking (MYM) of 9.72 kg, and average and maximum milk flow about 1.66 and 2.49 kg/min, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that DMY and MYM of the cows in 4th parity was significantly (p<0.05) higher comparing to cows in 1st and 3th parity. The duration of entirely milking is similar regarding the paritiesand only the cows in 3th and 4th differ significantly (p<0.05). Regarding the effect of milk flow curve, the significant (p<0.05) difference between unspecified and rectangular milk flow curve has been found for the average milk flow (AMF) and descending phase of the milk flow curve (TD). Cows with unspecified milk flow curve, have significantly (p<0.05) lower AMF and longer TD compared to cows with rectangular curve. Cows with bimodal milk flow curve have significantly (p<0.05) longer duration of the ascending phase compering to: unspecified, descending and rectangular. The results of this study have shown that Jersey cows have lower production and milk flow compared to other dairy cattle breeds. Nonetheless, they have uniform milkability traits, and a large representation of desirable milk flow curves which are associated with a beneficial effect on the udder health.

Download Full-text

Performance of a three-level triage scale in live triage encounters in an emergency department in Hong Kong.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21532/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rex Pui Kin Lam ◽

Shing Lam Kwok ◽

Vi Ka Chaang ◽

Lujie Chen ◽

Eric Ho Yin Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Value ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Triage Nurse ◽

Real Patient ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continued Use ◽

Low Volume

Abstract Background Despite its continued use in many low-volume emergency departments (EDs), 3-level triage systems have not been extensively studied, especially on live triage cases. We have modified from the Australasian Triage Scale and developed a 3-level triage scale, and sought to evaluate its validity, reliability, over- and under-triage rates in real patient encounters in our setting. Method This was a cross-sectional study in a single ED with 24,000 attendances per year. At triage, each patient was simultaneously assessed by a triage nurse, an adjudicator (the “criterion standard”), and a study nurse independently. Predictive validity was determined by comparing clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization, across triage levels. The discriminating performance of the triage tool in identifying patients requiring earlier medical attention was determined. Inter-observer reliability between the triage nurse and criterion standard, and across providers were determined using kappa statistics. Results In total, 453 triage ratings of 151 triage cases, involving 17 ED triage nurses and 57 nurse pairs, were analysed. The proportion of hospital admission significantly increased with a higher triage rating. The performance of the scale in identifying patients requiring earlier medical attention was: sensitivity, 68.2% (95% CI 45.1-86.1%); specificity, 99.2% (95% CI 95.8-100%); positive predictive value, 93.8% (95% CI 67.6-99.1%); negative predictive value, 94.8% (95% CI 90.8-97.1%). The over-triage and under-triage rates were 0.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Agreement between the triage nurse and criterion standard was substantial (quadratic-weighted kappa = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.60-0.92, p<0.001), so was the agreement across nurses (quadratic-weighted kappa=0.81, 95% CI 0.65-0.97, p<0.001). Conclusions The 3-level triage system appears to have good validity and reasonable reliability in a low-volume ED setting. Further studies comparing 3-level and prevailing 5-level triage scales in live triage encounters and different ED settings are warranted.

Download Full-text

Correlation between ultrasonographic and histopathological findings of hysterectomy specimen in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 4123

Author(s):

Kaushik Mahajan ◽

R. K. Praneshwari Devi ◽

Ajitkumar Singh ◽

Dipenty Lairenjam ◽

Leimapokpam Roshan Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽

Clinical History ◽

Uterine Bleeding ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Common Diagnosis ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background: AUB is a common and debilitating condition and it is one of the main gynaecological reasons for hysterectomy. Ultrasonography can be as good as histopathology (HPE) in the diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Hence, our study was conducted to validate the ultrasonographic findings with HPE findings in diagnosis of AUB.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 86 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with department of Pathology, RIMS, Imphal from September 2017 to March 2019. The clinical history and socio demographic profile were collected using a pre-designed proforma. General physical examination, pelvic examination and ultrasonagraphy was carried out and the hysterectomy specimens were subjected to histopathological examination.Results: Fibromyoma was diagnosed by ultrasound in 62.8% of the patients and it was the common diagnosis in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa statistics of USG for diagnosing leiomyoma was 92.9%, 93.3%, 96.3%, 87.5% and 84.9% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and kappa statistics of USG for diagnosing adenomyosis was 53.8%, 98.6%, 87.5%, 92.3% and 62.3% respectively.Conclusions: The study provides an evidence that ultrasonography has good diagnostic accuracy as histopathology in the diagnosis of fibroid in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. However, as with all the diagnostic procedures, the utility of ultrasound in the diagnosis of adenomyosis is questionable, since it has a low sensitivity amidst good specificity.

Download Full-text

Milking procedures, milk flow curves and somatic cell count in dairy cows

Italian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.215 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 4 (sup2) ◽

pp. 215-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Sandrucci ◽

L. Bava ◽

A. Tamburini ◽

L. Zanini

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Flow Curves ◽

Milk Flow

Download Full-text

Performance evaluation of the highly sensitive histidine‐rich protein 2 rapid test for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in North-West Tanzania

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03568-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alphaxard Manjurano ◽

Justin J. Omolo ◽

Eric Lyimo ◽

Donald Miyaye ◽

Coleman Kishamawe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Rapid Test ◽

Analytical Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gold Standard Method ◽

Predictive Values ◽

North West

Abstract Background Precise detection of Plasmodium infections in community surveys is essential for effective malaria control. Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the major techniques used to identify malaria infections in the field-based surveys. Although microscopy is still considered as the gold standard, RDTs are increasingly becoming versatile due to their rapid and adequate performance characteristics. Methods A malaria prevalence cross-sectional survey was carried out in north-western Tanzania in 2016, aimed at appraising the performance of high sensitivity Plasmodium falciparum (HSPf) tests compared to SD Bioline Pf and microscopy in detecting P. falciparum infections. A total of 397 individuals aged five years and above were tested for P. falciparum infections. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of microscopy, Pf RDT and HSPf RDT was determined using PCR as the gold standard method. Results The prevalence of P. falciparum infections determined by microscopy, SD Bioline Pf, HSPf and PCR was 21.9, 27.7, 33.3 and 43.2%, respectively. The new HSPf RDT had significantly higher sensitivity (98.2%) and specificity (91.6%) compared to the routinely used SD Bioline Pf RDT(P < 0.001). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 81.8% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.2% for the routinely used SD Bioline Pf RDT. Moreover, HSPf RDT had sensitivity of 69% and specificity of 76.8% compared to microscopy. The PPV was 45.5% and the NPV was 89.8% for microscopy. Furthermore, the analytical sensitivity test indicated that the newly developed HSPf RDT had lower detection limits compared to routinely used SD Bioline RDT. Conclusions HSPf RDT had better performance when compared to both microscopy and the currently used malaria RDTs. The false negativity could be associated with the low parasite density of the samples. False positivity may be related to the limitations of the expertise of microscopists or persistent antigenicity from previous infections in the case of RDTs. Nevertheless, HS PfRDT performed better compared to routinely used Pf RDT, and microscopy in detecting malaria infections. Therefore, HS Pf RDT presents the best alternative to the existing commercial/regularly available RDTs due to its sensitivity and specificity, and reliability in diagnosing malaria infections.

Download Full-text

Validity of Transesophageal echocardiography in estimating left ventricular filling pressures in anaesthetised patients undergoing cardiac surgery

10.22541/au.161606542.26025760/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sudheer Vanga ◽

Aveek Jayant ◽

Rakhi Balachandran ◽

praveen varma

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Pulmonary Artery ◽

Pulmonary Artery Catheter ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Venous Flow ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gold Standard Method

Background :The aim of this study was to validate whether pulmonary capillary wedge pressure estimated using transoesophageal echocardiography in anaesthetised patients receiving mechanical ventilation can be comparable to gold standard method of estimating PCWP by using pulmonary artery catheter. Methods : A cross sectional validity study conducted in a tertiary care cardiac centre in south India over a period of 6 months from February 2016 – August 2016 among 100 patients undergoing cardiac surgery where intraoperative TEE and pulmonary artery catheter used. In anesthetised patients, after the insertion of TEE probe, the following echocardiography ratios were calculated: 1) SF = S ⁄ S + D (systolic fraction of pulmonary venous flow 2) Systolic ⁄ diastolic (S ⁄ D ratio) 3) E ⁄ Ea 4) E ⁄ Vp 5) E ⁄ A ratio , for three consecutive cardiac cycles and averaged by two independent and blinded observers. All the echo measurements were taken pre cardiopulmonary bypass at end expiration and during a stable period of hemodynamics. Simultaneously PCWP was recorded from PAC. The ability of these variables to predict PCWP was tested for previously determined cutoffs as per extant guidelines and validity parameters such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of positives, predictive value of negatives & accuracy were computed. Conclusion : Use of E/A,DT,S/D,SF ratio & E/Vp reveal poor predictive capacity for detecting high left sided filling pressures. The use of E/Ea is reasonable to predict an elevated PCWP especially if the cohort predominantly comprises of patients with normal ejection fraction

Download Full-text

Performance of a three-level triage scale in live triage encounters in an emergency department in Hong Kong.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21532/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rex Pui Kin Lam ◽

Shing Lam Kwok ◽

Vi Ka Chaang ◽

Lujie Chen ◽

Eric Ho Yin Lau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Value ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Attention ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Triage Nurse ◽

Real Patient ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Continued Use ◽

Low Volume

Abstract Background Despite its continued use in many low-volume emergency departments (EDs), 3-level triage systems have not been extensively studied, especially on live triage cases. We have modified from the Australasian Triage Scale and developed a 3-level triage scale, and sought to evaluate its validity, reliability, over- and under-triage rates in real patient encounters in our setting. Method This was a cross-sectional study in a single ED with 24,000 attendances per year. At triage, each patient was simultaneously assessed by a triage nurse, an adjudicator (the “criterion standard”), and a study nurse independently. Predictive validity was determined by comparing clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization, across triage levels. The discriminating performance of the triage tool in identifying patient requiring earlier medical attention was determined. Inter-observer reliability between the triage nurse and criterion standard, and across providers were determined using kappa statistics. Results In total, 453 triage ratings of 151 triage cases, involving 17 ED triage nurses and 57 nurse pairs, were analysed. The proportion of hospital admission significantly increased with a higher triage rating. The performance of the scale in identifying patient requiring earlier medical attention was: sensitivity, 68.2% (95% CI 45.1-86.1%); specificity, 99.2% (95% CI 95.8-100%); positive predictive value, 93.8% (95% CI 67.6-99.1%); negative predictive value, 94.8% (95% CI 90.8-97.1%). The over-triage and under-triage rates were 0.7% and 4.6%, respectively. Agreement between the triage nurse and criterion standard was substantial (quadratic-weighted kappa = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.60-0.92, p<0.001), so was the agreement across nurses (quadratic-weighted kappa=0.81, 95% CI 0.65-0.97, p<0.001). Conclusions The 3-level triage system appears to have good validity and reasonable reliability in a low-volume ED setting. Further studies comparing 3-level and prevailing 5-level triage scales in live triage encounters and different ED settings are warranted.

Download Full-text

Association of milk flow curve and prevalence of mastitis pathogens in dairy cows

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-965 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Vida Juozaitienë ◽

Lina Juozaitienë ◽

Eglë Èereðkienë ◽

Renata Japertienë ◽

Judita Þymantienë ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Flow Curve ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Flow Curves ◽

Black And White ◽

Milk Flow ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

The objective of this work was to evaluate the association of bimodality of milk flow curves with microbiological status of mammary glands and parity of cows. We selected 167 primiparous and 148 multiparous Lithuanian Black and White dairy cows in 2nd to 4th month of lactation. The bimodality of milk flow was determined in 22.2% primiparous and in 38.6% multiparous cows (P less than 0.001). The most prevalent pathogens of mastitis were Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%), other staphylococci (22.2%) and streptococci (5.8%). Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in multiparous cows was 1.4 times and the bimodality of milk flow curves –1.7 times higher in comparison with primiparous cows (P less than 0.001). The bimodality of milk flow curve was mostly associated with the prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus (P less than 0.001). The increased frequency of mastitis pathogens (21.5%) in cows with the bimodal milk flow curves supports the negative effect of bimodality on udder health of cows (P less than 0.001).

Download Full-text

Comparative Analysis of Immunohistochemistry of Hormone Receptors in Breast Cancer by Conventional and Microwave Tissue Processing Methods

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/50192.15572 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janaky Ramakrishnan ◽

Asiq N Sideeque ◽

Reslin A Khader

Keyword(s):

Predictive Value ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Progesterone Receptors ◽

Microwave Processing ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Therapy ◽

Tissue Processing

Introduction: Rapid histopathological processing of neoplastic biopsies is crucial for initiating early therapy in patients. Microwave processing shortens the time to diagnosis and is less labour intensive. Aim: To compare the quality of immunohistochemical staining of Estrogen Receptors (ER) and Progesterone Receptors (PR) on paired breast samples using microwave processing versus conventional processing. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India, from February 2014 to September 2015. A total of 44 paired samples from breast carcinoma patients were taken. Baseline characteristics of the patients such as age and type of carcinoma were noted. Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain was used. One slide of the pair was processed conventionally and the other using a microwave. The stained slides were observed by three pathologists. The validity of ER and PR receptor status was evaluated with sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV). Kappa statistics and Spearman’s correlation test was used to denote the agreement between them. Results: The mean age was 51.32±11.16 years. There was agreement (Cohen k=0.902) between the microwave processed and conventionally processed paired breast samples for ER. The sensitivity and specificity of microwave processing in ER evaluation was 87.5% and 100% while that of PR evaluation was 92.9% and 100% respectively. The PPV was 100% and NPV was 93.3% for ER evaluation by microwave processing. Conclusion: Microwave aided tissue processing had significant advantages over conventional methods for providing a rapid diagnosis, being less laborious and had effective staining, which makes it a better choice.

Download Full-text

Mode d’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de bovin laitier sédentaires au nord-ouest du Bénin

Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences ◽

10.35759/janmplsci.v42-2.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42.2 ◽

pp. 7198-7206

Author(s):

Mensah Serge Egide Paulin ◽

Sessou Philippe ◽

Nata Christie ◽

Adjahoutonon Koomlan Yélindo Kadjinou Brice ◽

Lahamy Olivier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Veterinary Services ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotics Residues ◽

Lait De Vache

Une enquête transversale a été faite pour évaluer l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de production de lait de vache des communes de Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé et Djougou au nord-ouest du Bénin. Sur 452 éleveurs enquêtés, 347 (76,7%) utilisaient des antibiotiques sans assistance vétérinaire pour le traitement des affections respiratoires (19,0%), les entérites néo natales (19,0%), les dermatoses (18,0%), les plaies (17,0%), les mammites (17,0%) ou d’autres maladies (10,0%). Les tétracyclines (100,0%), les pénicillines (100,0%), les sulfamides (47,1%) et les macrolides (16,8%) étaient les familles d’antibiotiques les plus utilisées. 35,6% des éleveurs achetait les antibiotiques au marché contre 84,4% chez un vétérinaire et 35,1% les achetait sans le conseil d’un vétérinaire. Plus de 50% des éleveurs ne consulte pas un vétérinaire pour l’administration des antibiotiques ou n’adapte jamais la posologie selon le poids des bovins traités. Enfin, 83,6% des éleveurs faisaient traire les vaches sous traitement antibiotiques tout comme les vaches sans traitement. Les services vétérinaires du Bénin devraient mieux contrôler de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en production de lait de vache et sensibiliser les éleveurs sur le risque représenté par la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait de vache consommé. ABSTRACT A cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the use of antibiotic in dairy farms in the municipalities of Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé and Djougou in northwestern Benin. Three hundred and Forty seven 347 (76.7%) of the 452 surveyed farmers used antibiotics without veterinary assistance against neonatal enteritis (19.0%), dermatitis (18.0%), wounds (17.0%), mastitis (17.0%) or others diseases (10.0%). Tetracyclines (100.0%), penicillins (100.0%), sulfonamides (47.1%) and macrolides (16.8 %) and were the most used families of antibiotics. 35.6% of breeders bought antibiotics at the market against 84.4% at a veterinarian and 35.1% bought them without the advice of a veterinarian. More than 50% of breeders do not consult a veterinarian for the administration of antibiotics or never adapt the dosage according to the weight of the treated cattle. Finally, 83.6% of breeders milked cows under antibiotic treatment as cows without treatment. Benin veterinary services should more control the use of antibiotics in dairy farms and inform the farmer about the risk associated with the presence of antibiotics residues in consumed cow milk.

Download Full-text