Mode d’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de bovin laitier sédentaires au nord-ouest du Bénin

2019 ◽  
Vol 42.2 ◽  
pp. 7198-7206
Author(s):  
Mensah Serge Egide Paulin ◽  
Sessou Philippe ◽  
Nata Christie ◽  
Adjahoutonon Koomlan Yélindo Kadjinou Brice ◽  
Lahamy Olivier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Lait De Vache

Une enquête transversale a été faite pour évaluer l’utilisation des antibiotiques dans les élevages de production de lait de vache des communes de Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé et Djougou au nord-ouest du Bénin. Sur 452 éleveurs enquêtés, 347 (76,7%) utilisaient des antibiotiques sans assistance vétérinaire pour le traitement des affections respiratoires (19,0%), les entérites néo natales (19,0%), les dermatoses (18,0%), les plaies (17,0%), les mammites (17,0%) ou d’autres maladies (10,0%). Les tétracyclines (100,0%), les pénicillines (100,0%), les sulfamides (47,1%) et les macrolides (16,8%) étaient les familles d’antibiotiques les plus utilisées. 35,6% des éleveurs achetait les antibiotiques au marché contre 84,4% chez un vétérinaire et 35,1% les achetait sans le conseil d’un vétérinaire. Plus de 50% des éleveurs ne consulte pas un vétérinaire pour l’administration des antibiotiques ou n’adapte jamais la posologie selon le poids des bovins traités. Enfin, 83,6% des éleveurs faisaient traire les vaches sous traitement antibiotiques tout comme les vaches sans traitement. Les services vétérinaires du Bénin devraient mieux contrôler de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en production de lait de vache et sensibiliser les éleveurs sur le risque représenté par la présence de résidus d’antibiotiques dans le lait de vache consommé. ABSTRACT A cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the use of antibiotic in dairy farms in the municipalities of Natitingou, Kérou, Pehunco, Kouandé and Djougou in northwestern Benin. Three hundred and Forty seven 347 (76.7%) of the 452 surveyed farmers used antibiotics without veterinary assistance against neonatal enteritis (19.0%), dermatitis (18.0%), wounds (17.0%), mastitis (17.0%) or others diseases (10.0%). Tetracyclines (100.0%), penicillins (100.0%), sulfonamides (47.1%) and macrolides (16.8 %) and were the most used families of antibiotics. 35.6% of breeders bought antibiotics at the market against 84.4% at a veterinarian and 35.1% bought them without the advice of a veterinarian. More than 50% of breeders do not consult a veterinarian for the administration of antibiotics or never adapt the dosage according to the weight of the treated cattle. Finally, 83.6% of breeders milked cows under antibiotic treatment as cows without treatment. Benin veterinary services should more control the use of antibiotics in dairy farms and inform the farmer about the risk associated with the presence of antibiotics residues in consumed cow milk.

scholarly journals The Veterinary Treatment Facility as a Readiness Platform for Veterinary Corps Officers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Mullaney ◽  
Heather Bayko ◽  
Gerald D Moore ◽  
Hannah E Funke ◽  
Matthew J Enroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Veterinary Services ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Readiness ◽  
Representative Random Sample ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Introduction U.S. Army Veterinary Corps provides highly skilled and adaptive veterinary professionals to protect and improve the health of people and animals while enhancing readiness throughout the DOD. Army veterinarians must be trained and credentialed for critical tasks within the animal health and food protection missions across all components. The Veterinary Metrics Division in the U.S. Army Public Health Center’s Veterinary Services and Public Health Sanitation Directorate is responsible for tracking readiness metrics of Army veterinarians and maintains a robust online Readiness Metrics Platform. Readiness targets were developed based on trends in readiness platform data, input of senior veterinary subject matter experts, and feedback from the field. To date, no data have been published describing the cases presented to DOD-owned Veterinary Treatment Facilities (VTFs). Without capturing and codifying the types of cases that present to the VTF and comparing to cases typically encountered during deployments, it is difficult to determine whether the VTF serves as an adequate readiness platform. In this study, we compare a representative random sample of non-wellness VTF patient encounters in garrison to cases reported from two different combat zones to determine if the VTF is a suitable clinical readiness platform. Materials and Methods Multiple data sources, including pre-existing published data and new data extracted from multiple sources, were used. The Iraq 2009-2010 dataset includes data collected from a Medical Detachment, Veterinary Service Support (MDVSS) deployed to Iraq from January 5, 2009 through August 23, 2010. The Iraq 2003-2007 dataset originated from a retrospective cross-sectional survey that included database and medical record abstraction. The Afghanistan 2014-2015 dataset includes data collected from the MDVSS deployed to Afghanistan from June 2014 to March 2015. Working dog veterinary encounter data were manually extracted from monthly and daily clinical reports. Data for the Garrison 2016-2018 dataset were extracted from the Remote Online Veterinary Record. A random representative sample of government-owned animal (GOA) and privately owned animal (POA) encounters seen across all DOD-owned VTFs from June 2016 to May 2018 were selected. Results We found that animals present to the VTF for a wide variety of illnesses. Overall, the top 10 encounter categories (90.3%) align with 84.2%, 92.4%, and 85.9% of all the encounter types seen in the three combat zone datasets. Comparing these datasets identifies potential gaps in readiness training relying solely on the VTF, especially in the areas of traumatic and combat-related injuries. Conclusions Ultimately, the success of the DOD Veterinary Services Animal Health mission depends on both the competence and confidence of the individual Army veterinarian. As the MHS transitions and DOD Veterinary Services continues to transform emphasizing readiness through a public health and prevention-based Army medicine approach, Army veterinarians must strike a delicate balance to continue to provide comprehensive health care to GOAs and POAs in the VTFs. Leaders at all levels must recognize the roles VTFs play in overall public health readiness and disease prevention through the proper appropriation and allocation of resources while fostering the development, confidence, and competence of Army veterinarians training within these readiness platforms.

scholarly journals Efficacy of different brands of penicillin-streptomycin against Staphylococcus aureus: the clinicians’ myths and the realities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takele Beyene Tufa ◽  
Asegid Guta ◽  
Tafese Beyene Tufa ◽  
Dereje Nigussie ◽  
Fikru Regassa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Antibiotics must be safe, effective and have acceptable quality to use in both human and veterinary medicine. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the aim of evaluating in vitro efficacy of three brands of penicillin-streptomycin (penstrep) against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy cow milk in Sebeta and Bishoftu, Ethiopia. A standardized questionnaire was also used to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of veterinarians about brand antibiotics prescribing in dairy farms in the study area. Results A total of 43 S. aureus were isolated from 23 dairy farms. Thirty-three (81.4%) and 10 (23.3%) isolates were susceptible to brand A and intermediate susceptible to brand B, respectively, whereas only one isolate (2.3%) was intermediate susceptible to brand C. The isolates were also tested against the standard discs of penicillin and streptomycin, and the results showed that 42 (97.7%) and 27 (62.8%) of S. aureus were resistant, respectively. The KAP assessment showed penstrep was the most prescribed antibiotic in the dairy farms in the study area, followed by oxytetracycline and sulfa drugs. All veterinarians (100%, 30) agreed that antibiotics imported from Western countries perceived as having higher efficacy than those imported from eastern countries. Similarly, they preferred to use brand A, claiming better clinical improvements compared to the other two brands. The majority (86.7%) and more than half (53.3%) of the respondents agreed on the perception of overuse of antibiotics in veterinary clinics and dairy farms, respectively. Conclusions Penstrep Brand A has had better in vitro efficacy, while brands B and C have not been effective against S. aureus isolates. Moreover, this study revealed that a fixed combination dosage form of penicillin and streptomycin in brand A showed better efficacy towards S. aureus isolates compared to penicillin or streptomycin alone. The perception of the veterinarian about these brands agrees with the in-vitro antibacterial efficacy evaluation. The findings suggest that ineffective brands of penstrep are circulating in the local market, which constitute a potential danger to both human and animal health. Our findings warrant the need for stringent regulation and quality assessment criteria for imported veterinary antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Use as a Tragedy of the Commons: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran S. O'Brien ◽  
Seth Blumberg ◽  
Wayne T. A. Enanoria ◽  
Sarah Ackley ◽  
Nicolas Sippl-Swezey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Tragedy Of The Commons ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Commons

Background. Many believe antibiotic use results in a tragedy of the commons, since overuse may lead to antibiotic resistance and limiting use would benefit society. In contrast, mass antibiotic treatment programs are thought to result in community-wide benefits. A survey was conducted to learn the views of infectious disease experts on the individual- and societal-level consequences of antibiotic use.Methods. The survey instrument was designed to elicit opinions on antibiotic use and resistance. It was sent via SurveyMonkey to infectious disease professionals identified through literature searches. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.Results. A total of 1,530 responses were received for a response rate of 9.9%. Nearly all participants believed antibiotic use could result in a tragedy of the commons, at least in certain circumstances (96.0%). Most participants did not believe mass antibiotic treatment programs could produce societal benefits in an antibiotic-free society (91.4%) or in the United States (94.2%), though more believed such programs would benefit antibiotic-free societies compared to the United States (P<0.001).Conclusions. The experts surveyed believe that antibiotic use can result in a tragedy of the commons and do not believe that mass treatment programs benefit individuals or society.

scholarly journals Are infection specialists recommending short antibiotic treatment durations? An ESCMID international cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Macheda ◽  
Oliver J Dyar ◽  
Amandine Luc ◽  
Bojana Beovic ◽  
Guillaume Béraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Testing the Strain Theory of Suicide – The Moderating Role of Social Support

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Lew ◽  
Ksenia Chistopolskaya ◽  
Yanzheng Liu ◽  
Mansor Abu Talib ◽  
Olga Mitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Strains ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Background: According to the strain theory of suicide, strains, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual's life, are hypothesized to precede suicide. But social support is an important factor that can mitigate strains and lessen their input in suicidal behavior. Aims: This study was designed to assess the moderating role of social support in the relation between strain and suicidality. Methods: A sample of 1,051 employees were recruited in Beijing, the capital of China, through an online survey. Moderation analysis was performed using SPSS PROCESS Macro. Social support was measured with the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and strains were assessed with the Psychological Strains Scale. Results: Psychological strains are a good predictor of suicidality, and social support, a basic need for each human being, moderates and decreases the effects of psychological strains on suicidality. Limitations: The cross-sectional survey limited the extent to which conclusions about causal relationships can be drawn. Furthermore, the results may not be generalized to the whole of China because of its diversity. Conclusion: Social support has a tendency to mitigate the effects of psychological strains on suicidality.

Fit and Congruency

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Mary Hogue ◽  
Lee Fox-Cardamone ◽  
Deborah Erdos Knapp
Keyword(s):  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Job Fit ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Role Congruity ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Applicant job pursuit intentions impact the composition of an organization’s applicant pool, thereby influencing selection outcomes. An example is the self-selection of women and men into gender-congruent jobs. Such self-selection contributes to a lack of gender diversity across a variety of occupations. We use person-job fit and the role congruity perspective of social role theory to explore job pursuit intentions. We present research from two cross-sectional survey studies (520 students, 174 working adults) indicating that at different points in their careers women and men choose to pursue gender-congruent jobs. For students, the choice was mediated by value placed on the job’s associated gender-congruent outcomes, but for working adults it was not. We offer suggestions for practitioners and researchers.

Oscillation between identities and Subjective psychological health objectives among an informed audience in therapeutic patient education

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10202
Author(s):  
Sandrine Roussel ◽  
Alain Deccache ◽  
Mariane Frenay
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Therapeutic Patient Education ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: The implementation of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) remains a challenge. An exploratory study highlighted two tendencies among practitioners of TPE, which could hamper this implementation: an oscillation between identities (as caregivers versus as educators) and an inclination towards subjective psychological health objectives. Objectives: To verify whether these tendencies can be observed among an informed audience in TPE. Next, to explore the variables associated with one or other of these tendencies. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey by a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 90 French-speaking healthcare professionals. Statistical analyses (chi-square, logistic regression) were then conducted. Results: Sixty percent of respondents displayed identity oscillation, which was found to be linked to task oscillation, patient curability, scepticism towards medicine and practising in France. Fifty-six percent pursued subjective psychological health objectives, which was found to be associated with health behaviour objectives and a locus of power in the healthcare relationship distinct from those seen in the pre-existing health models (biomedical, global). This tendency seems to constitute an alternative model of TPE. Discussion & conclusion: Identity oscillation and subjective psychological health objectives can be both observed. This study stresses the need to deliberate on the form(s) of TPE that is/are desired.

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