Epidemiological Study Related to the First Outbreak of Ovine Anaplasmosis in Spain

Ovine anaplasmosis is a vector-borne disease caused by Anaplasma ovis and mainly transmitted through tick bites. In Spain, the first outbreak of ovine anaplasmosis occurred in 2014. An epidemiological study in fifty-one farms was carried out associated with this outbreak in the affected geographical area. An epidemiological questionnaire was performed. In addition, whole blood samples were taken for molecular analysis in 47 of these farms to determine the prevalence of infection of Anaplasma ovis. A. ovis was present in 44 out of 47 PCR-analysed farms (93.6%). However, only 40.4% of the studied farms showed severe clinical signs. The clinical signs affected mainly young animals, which showed severe anaemia, weakness, anorexia, cachexia and epiphora. The early culling of young animals was more frequently reported by severely affected farms than the analysed farms without clinical signs (71.4% vs. 12.5%, p < 0.001). The geographical area where the farm is located seems to be relevant for the presence of clinical signs of the disease. Ovine anaplasmosis is an emerging disease in Europe that spreads rapidly through tick bites and is capable of causing significant economic losses when it spreads in a naive area and causes an epidemic.

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Study on coinfecting vector-borne pathogens in dogs and ticks in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612014071 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 407-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽

Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽

Silvia Maria Mendes Ahid ◽

Josivânia Soares Pereira ◽

André Mendes do Vale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Multiple Infections ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Babesia Spp

Since dogs presenting several vector borne diseases can show none or nonspecific clinical signs depending on the phase of infection, the assessment of the particular agents involved is mandatory. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., Hepatozoon spp. and Leishmania spp. in blood samples and ticks, collected from two dogs from Rio Grande do Norte showing suggestive tick-borne disease by using molecular techniques. DNA of E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum were detected in blood samples and R. sanguineus ticks collected from dogs. Among all samples analyzed, two showed the presence of multiple infections with E. canis, H. canis and L. infantum chagasi. Here we highlighted the need for molecular differential diagnosis in dogs showing nonspecific clinical signs.

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Detection of Theileria equi in spleen and blood of asymptomatic piroplasm carrier horses

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-013-0127-9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Isabel Ribeiro ◽

Antônio Câmara ◽

Marta Bittencourt ◽

Tatiana Marçola ◽

Giane Paludo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Jugular Vein ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Theileria Equi ◽

Infected Horse ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Hematological Evaluation

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether asymptomatic horses naturally infected with Theileria equi retain infected erythrocytes in the spleen and whether the presence of the hemoparasite in this organ is associated with parasitemia. We collected samples from 25 adult horses without clinical signs of any disease. From each animal, we collected whole blood samples from the jugular vein and a splenic puncture blood sample. All samples were submited to blood cell counts and detection of Theileria or Babesia. DNA extraction and PCR were performed in all samples for identification of piroplasm infection (T. equi and B. caballi). From the 25 horses evaluated for piroplasm detection by PCR, seven horses (28%) were positive in jugular vein blood but negative in splenic blood samples, five horses (20%) were positive in splenic blood samples but negative in jugular vein blood samples, and 13 horses (52%) were positive in both jugular vein and splenic blood samples. The hematological evaluation revealed anemia in 13 of 25 (52%) infected horses, lymphopenia in five (20%), neutrophilia in two (8%), neutropenia in one (4%), and thrombocytopenia in one (4%) infected horse. The present study demonstrated that several (20%) of the asymptomatic piroplasm carrier horses did not show parasitemia, but show infected erythrocytes in the spleen.

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Deteksi Brucella abortus dari Sampel Darah-Utuh dengan Uji Polymerase Chain Reaction Tanpa Ekstraksi DNA

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.53506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

David Ardiyanto ◽

Hastari Wuryastuty ◽

Raden Wasito

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dna Extraction ◽

Brucella Abortus ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Direct Pcr ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Pcr Inhibitor ◽

Whole Blood Samples ◽

Species Specific

Abstract Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that cause a significant economic losses for cattle industries worldwide. A rapid, precise and accurate diagnosis technique for diagnosis of brucellosis in all stages of the infection is definitely required. Blood-samples are widely used for PCR-based DNA analysis because they are easily collected, handled, and processed. Direct PCR analysis without DNA extraction has been attempted to reduce time and costs for routine analysis. This approach is promising but is still limited by the presence of PCR inhibitors that is naturally found in the blood samples. The objective of this study was to compare the effectivity of direct PCR technique with or without DNA extraction for detection of Brucella abortus in the blood samples. Three whole-blood samples from brucella infected dairy cattle and five whole-blood samples from beef cattle that having abortion were used as samples in this study. A pair of bcsp31 primers and IS711 primers were used for amplification of genus-specific and species-specific of Brucella. The results showed that amplicon in the position of 223 bp and 498 bp that are specific for B. abortus were detected from all of the samples that were analyzed on 1.5% agarose gels. Based on the result it could be concluded that direct PCR analyses without DNA extraction is a sensitive, specific, simple, rapid and inexpensive assay for detecting B. abortus in the whole blood samples for either dairy or beef cattle and therefore it could improve the existing surveillance and control programs for brucellosis. Keywords : brucellosis; direct PCR; PCR inhibitor; whole-blood sample; without DNA extraction Abstrak Brucellosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang signifikan bagi industri ternak di seluruh dunia. Teknik diagnosis yang cepat, tepat dan akurat yang dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis brucellosis pada semua tahap infeksi sangat diperlukan. Sampel darah banyak digunakan untuk analisis PCR berbasis DNA karena mudah untuk dikoleksi, ditangani, dan diproses. Metoda PCR langsung tanpa didahului dengan ekstraksi DNA dikembangkan dengan tujuan penghematan waktu dan beaya untuk analisa secara rutin. Tehnik ini sangat menjanjikan tetapi memiliki keterbatasan karena adanya senyawa penghambat PCR yang secara alami terkandung di dalam sampel darah . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membandingkan efektifitas antara uji PCR secara langsung dengan ekstraksi dan tanpa ekstraksi DNA untuk deteksi Brucella abortus di dalam darah. Tiga ( 3 ) sampel darah-EDTA yang berasal dari sapi penderita brucellosis dan 5 sampel darah-EDTA dari sapi potong yang mengalami abortus digunakan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian ini. Pasangan primer bcsp31 dan primer IS711 untuk amplifikasi gen dan species specific digunakan dalam penelitian. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa amplikon/pita pada posisi 223 bp dan 498 bp yang spesifik untuk Brucella abortus terdeteksi dari semua sampel yang dianalisa dengan gel agarosa 1,5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa uji PCR secara langsung tanpa didahului dengan ekstraksi DNA merupakan tehnik yang sensitif, spesifik, sederhana, cepat dan murah untuk deteksi B. abortus di dalam sampel darah baik sapi perah maupun sapi potong dan oleh karena itu diharapkan dapat digunakan untuk memperbaiki program kontrol dan survailance yang telah ada untuk brucellosis. Kata kunci : brucellosis; PCR langsung; penghambat PCR; sampel darah-utuh; tanpa ekstraksi DNA

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Anaplasmosis Outbreak in Lambs: First Report Causing Carcass Condemnation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101851 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1851 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delia Lacasta ◽

Luis Miguel Ferrer ◽

Santiago Sanz ◽

Raquel Labanda ◽

José María González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Reticulocyte Count ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Erythrocyte Count ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Anaplasma Ovis ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

First Report ◽

Apparently Healthy

In spring and summer 2020, six outbreaks of condemnation of jaundiced lamb carcasses were diagnosed in different farms in Aragón region, Spain. Anaplasma ovis was identified in all affected farms. Four hundred and ninety-two lambs from two affected farms were more closely examined. Clinical examination, haematologies, biochemistries, histopathology and microbiological and molecular analyses were performed. After slaughter, 34.84% of the lambs showed jaundiced carcasses and 79.64% presented splenomegaly at the abattoir. All tested lambs with icteric carcasses showed positive A. ovis PCR, although 72.72% of the unaffected lambs also tested positive. However, the bacterial load was significantly higher in the animals that showed jaundiced carcasses (Cq: 25.00 vs 26.16; p = 0.004). Moreover, all the tested lambs that showed severe anaemia were PCR positive. On the contrary, the PCR negative lambs did not show anaemia. Lambs that presented icteric carcasses displayed severe regenerative anaemia with significantly lower erythrocyte count (7.18 vs. 11.97), haematocrit (26.89 vs. 34.82) and haemoglobin (8.50 vs. 11.10) than unaffected lambs. Reticulocyte count (18.80 vs. 5.65) was also significantly increased in affected animals. This article describes a new disorder caused by Anaplasma ovis that is producing significant economic losses associated with the carcass condemnation of apparently healthy lamb.

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Co-infection with arthropod-borne pathogens in domestic cats

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612017064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 525-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marcos Rogério André ◽

Kilder Dantas Filgueira ◽

Ana Cláudia Calchi ◽

Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa ◽

Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Cytauxzoon Felis ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Biochemical Abnormalities

Abstract The role of several feline vector-borne pathogens (FVBP) as a cause of disease in cats has not been clearly determined. In fact, with the exception of Bartonella spp. and hemoplasmas, FVBP in cats has not been clearly determined in Brazil yet. The present study aimed at identifying, by using molecular methods, the presence of FVBP in three cats showing non-specific clinical signs and inclusions suggestive of hemoparasites in blood smears. Cytauxzoon felis, ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum’, Ehrlichia sp. closely related to Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma sp. closely related to Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in blood samples from two out of three sampled cats. Both cats positive for multiple FVBP did not show hematological and biochemical abnormalities. The present work emphasizes the need for molecular confirmation of co-infection by multiple FVBP in cats presenting non-specific clinical signs and inclusions resembling hemoparasites in blood smears.

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REAL-TIME PCR FOR DETECTION OF EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS

Archives of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.46784/e-avm.v3i1.189 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

I. Chenchev ◽

L. Polychronova ◽

S. Chakarova ◽

I. Genova

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Equine Arteritis Virus ◽

Cell Culture Supernatant ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Blood Samples ◽

The Real ◽

Whole Blood Samples

The aim of this study was to develop and validate the real-time RT-PCR method in detection of the equine arteritis virus in the nasal swabs, semen plasma and whole blood samples from horses with clinical signs of the disease. The 66 samples - 28 nasal swab samples from mares, 23 semen plasma samples from stallions, 6 whole blood samples from stallions and mares, 7 samples - 10% internal organ tissues suspensions from aborted foetus were used in investigation. Two reference strains „ARVAC” and “Bucyrus” were used as the positive controls. RNA was isolated from cell culture supernatant fluid which was infected with reference viruses and whole blood from infected animals by commercial kit Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany). The real-time RT-PCR - one step protocol, developed by Balasuriya et al. (2002) was used for the amplification of the 204 bp ORF7 segment of the EAV genome. The 96% of samples showed the positive results by real time RT-PCR. The 3.5% we investigated again and only 0.5 % of the samples were negative. The controls tested positive and this contributed for precise interpretation of the obtained results. The samples which show high CT values were amplified again only with primers and the products were visualized in 2% agarose gel. The positive reaction products show the DNA fragments of about 200 bp.

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