scholarly journals Supplementing the Diet of Dairy Goats with Dried Orange Pulp throughout Lactation: I. Effect on Milk Performance, Nutrient Utilisation, Blood Parameters and Production Economics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
José Luis Guzmán ◽  
Ignacio Martín-García ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Écija ◽  
Manuel David García-Brenes ◽  
Luis Ángel Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Orange Pulp

Dried orange pulp (DOP) can be incorporated into ruminant diets, but no reports have considered this strategy during the entire lactation period in goats. Two experiments were performed using lactating Payoya goats. In experiment 1, to study the effect, over 180 days, of DOP on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and economic values, 44 primiparous goats were allocated into three groups: control diet (concentrate plus lucerne) and DOP40 and DOP80 diets, in which DOP replaced 40% and 80%, respectively, of the cereals. Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation were also studied (experiment 2). The DOP diets did not affect milk yield and composition. DOP triggered lower intake and digestibility of ether extract and crude protein. Ruminal fermentation was unaffected by DOP, except for a decrease in butyrate for DOP80. The energy balance was unaltered by diet while the balance and retention of nitrogen decreased. Regarding plasma biochemistry, DOP supplementation caused changes that could indicate an improvement in hepatic function and reduced muscular damage and oxidative muscular stress. Moreover, DOP80 provided a profit increase of EUR 3.27/goat. In conclusion, the partial replacement of cereals by DOP is a profitable and healthy nutritional strategy in dairy goats and is suitable for the entire lactation period without compromising productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of replacement levels of orange waste silage on intake, nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation and milk yield in Barki goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani M. El-Zaiat ◽  
El-Saeed A. El-Wakeel ◽  
Adel M. Saber ◽  
Ahmed R. Khattab ◽  
Sobhy M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Orange Waste

Abstract Exploring new alternative sources of feedstuffs can contribute to animal production sustainability in some Mediterranean regions in order to overcome the rising food demand. The influence of dietary replacement of wheat straw (WS) with orange waste silage (OWS) on nutrient intakes, apparent digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood biochemical constituents and milk production of dairy goats were evaluated. Forty pregnant goats (46.30±1.6 kg BW) were housed in individual pens in a completely randomized design and fed (ad libitum) a TMR for 75 days period. Goats were assigned to four experimental diets with the forage amounts consisting of either WS as a control diet (1000 g WS/kg DM in the TMR), a 50:50 mixture of both WS and OWS (500 g WS and 500 g OWS/kg DM in the TMR), an orange waste silage (1000 g OWS/kg DM in the TMR) or corn silage as a positive control (1000 g CS/kg DM in the TMR). The DMI increased linearly (P < 0.01), while fiber fractions intake decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing of OWS in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased quadratically (P < 0.01), whereas NH3-N concentration and total protozoa abundance decreased quadratically (P < 0.01) with increasing OWS in the diet. Ruminal acetate content was increased linearly (P = 0.012) by diet; whereas linear effects were observed on propionate and butyrate proportions (P < 0.01) as OWS amount increased. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) levels decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with ascending amounts of OWS. Serum glucose, BUN, NEFA and BHBA levels were lower (P < 0.01) for goats fed the OWS diet than those fed the CS diet. Milk yield and milk nitrogen efficiency were linearly increased (P < 0.01), whereas quadratic effects (P = 0.049) were observed on milk urea nitrogen content with increasing dietary OWS. In conclusion, the replacement of WS with OWS enhanced rumen fermentation and milk yield of late pregnant and early lactation Barki goats.

scholarly journals Oxidative status in dairy goats: periparturient variation and changes in subclinical hyperketonemia and hypocalcemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Yezi Kong ◽  
Chenxu Zhao ◽  
Siqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background A better comprehension of the redox status during the periparturient period may facilitate the development of management and nutritional solutions to prevent subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) and subclinical hypocalcemia (SCHC) in dairy goats. We aimed to evaluate the variation in the redox status of dairy goats with SCHK and SCHC during their periparturient periods. Guanzhong dairy goats (n = 30) were assigned to SCHK (n = 10), SCHC (n = 10), and healthy (HEAL, n = 10) groups based on their blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and calcium (Ca) concentrations. Blood were withdrawn from goats every week from 3 weeks before the expected parturition date to 3 weeks post-kidding. On the same day, the body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated, and the milk yield was recorded for each goat. The metabolic profile parameters and the indicators of oxidative status were determined by using the standard biochemical techniques. Results In comparison with the HEAL goats, SCHK and SCHC goats presented with a more dramatic decline of BCS post-kidding and a significant decrease in the milk yield at 2- and 3-weeks postpartum, ignoring the obvious increase at 1-week postpartum. The levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) peaked at parturition, exhibiting significantly higher levels from 1-week prepartum to the parturition day in the SCHK and SCHC groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was increased in the SCHK goats from 1-week antepartum until 3-weeks postpartum, with its concentration being significantly higher in the SCHC goats at parturition. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration was significantly lower in the SCHK and SCHC goats from 2-weeks antepartum to 1-week post-kidding. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were decreased at 1-week antepartum in the SCHK and SCHC goats, respectively. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level was increased in the SCHK and SCHC goats during the early lactation period. Conclusions The SCHK and SCHC goats exerted more efforts to maintain their redox homeostasis and to ensure the production performance than the HEAL goats during their periparturient period, probably owing to more intense fat mobilization and lipid peroxidation in the former.

Effects of whole raw soybean or whole cottonseed on milk yield and composition, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites of lactating dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Ferreira de Almeida ◽  
Tiago Antônio Del Valle ◽  
Pablo Gomes de Paiva ◽  
Elmeson Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
Rafael Vilella Barletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Corn Grain

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effects of partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with whole raw soybean or whole cottonseed on milk yield and composition, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites. Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows (133.0 ± 53.1 days in milk, 585.2 ± 54.2 kg of BW and 32.22 ± 5.32 kg/day of milk) were used in six 3 × 3 Latin squares with 21-day periods. The cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following diets: control (CT), diet without oilseed inclusion; whole soybean (WS), inclusion of 120 g/kg of whole raw soybean (diet DM basis); and whole cottonseed (WCS), inclusion of 120 g/kg of whole cottonseed (diet DM basis). Dietary supplementation with WS or WCS had no effect on milk yield and composition. DM and non-fibre carbohydrate intake were decreased in cows fed WS and WCS when compared with CT; however, WS and WCS increased ether extract intake and digestibility. The WCS decreased DM, crude protein, ether extract and non-fibre carbohydrate intake when compared with WS. Cows fed WCS had higher ruminal pH than those fed WS or CT. Cows fed WS showed higher propionate concentration than cows fed WCS. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased when cows were fed WS compared with those fed CT or WCS. The partial replacement of corn grain and soybean meal with WS or WCS in diets of mid-lactating dairy cows decreased DM intake and altered ruminal fermentation, but did not affect milk yield and composition.

The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Di Trana ◽  
P. Celi ◽  
S. Claps ◽  
V. Fedele ◽  
R. Rubino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Hot Season

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile of lactating goats during mid lactation. Twenty-four Red Syrian goats were allocated into three groups that were offered the following diets: natural pasture (P), pasture+500 g/h per day of concentrate (PC) and hay plus 500 g/h per day of concentrate (HC). Blood samples were taken in spring (85±7 days in milk (DIM)) and summer (120±7 DIM) and assayed for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), α-tocopherol, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GHS-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Milk yield and milk composition were also measured. SOD, GSH-Px and ROMs levels increased during summer when temperature humidity index values were high. The increase in ROMs in the PC and HC groups could be ascribed to the improved nutritional regime and to their higher production level. The markers of the oxidative status and of the metabolic profile measured in this study indicate that goats may have experienced moderate oxidative stress. It seems that, seasonal rather than nutritional factors have a more pronounced effect on oxidative status markers. Concentrate supplementation sustained milk yield and may represent a useful means to extend the lactation period in dairy goats during late spring and summer.

scholarly journals Short communication: Partial replacement of ground corn with algae meal in a dairy cow diet: Milk yield and composition, nutrient digestibility, and metabolic profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 8880-8884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. da Silva ◽  
E. Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
C.S. Takiya ◽  
T.A. Del Valle ◽  
T.H. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ground Corn

scholarly journals High quality cassava peel fine mash as replacement for maize in diets of growing pigs: 2. Effects on nutrient and fibre fraction digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
A. A. Fatufe ◽  
O. A. Adebiyi ◽  
A. O. K Adesehinwa ◽  
E. Ajayi ◽  
R. K. Abidoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Fibre Fraction

Twenty growing pigs with an average initial weight of 53±0.5 kg (± SE) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment and one animal in each replicate. A total tract digestibility trial was carried out to determine the effect of partial replacement of maize with graded levels of high quality cassava peel (HQCP) mashon the nutrient digestibility and fibre fraction digestibility of growing pigs. The control diet T1 had 40% of maize, while the dietary treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5 had7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30% of HQCP corresponding to replacement of maize by 0, 19, 38, 56 and 75% respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient of dry matter, nitrogen free extract, organic matter and energy. There were significant(P<0.05)variationsintheapparentdigestibilityofcrudeprotein,crudefibreand ether extract and the crude protein digestibility decreased as the level of HQCP increased from 7.5 to 30%. Also, there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin digestibilities with the inclusion of HQCP compared to the control, whereas there was no significant (P>0.05) influence of HQCP inclusion on hemicellulose digestibility among the treatments. It can thus be concluded that the nutritional potential of high quality cassava peel can still be realised when fed up to 30% in growing pig diet

Effects of increasing supplementation levels of rice bran on milk production and fatty acid composition of milk in Saanen dairy goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Park ◽  
E. G. Kwon ◽  
C.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Forage Intake

In this study, the effects of four dietary supplementation levels of rice bran (RB) on milk yield and composition were examined in Saanen dairy goats. Four goats (initial bodyweight, 55.0 ± 7.1 kg) and four 21-day periods were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. The diets contained 0, 5, 10, and 20% DM of RB, but were otherwise formulated to be 10.7 MJ metabolisable energy/kg and 18.8% crude protein/kg DM. Goats consumed the greatest amount of DM feed concentrate when fed the 5% RB diet (P < 0.01); however, DM forage intake was not significantly different between diets. Total DM intake of the 5% RB diet was significantly higher than that of the control diet (P < 0.05). Milk yield was the lowest from goats fed the 20% RB (P < 0.01). The protein concentration of milk was significantly lower in goats fed the control and 5% RB diets than in those fed the 10 and 20% RB diets (P < 0.01). However, milk protein production was not significantly different between diets. The concentration of fat in milk increased as the supplementation level of RB increased, although fat production did not differ between diets. The addition of RB increased the concentration of long-chain fatty acids (C16 and C18) in goat milk. No significant difference was found in milk lactose concentration between diets. Overall, the results indicate that RB supplements of up to 10% have no adverse effects on DM intake and milk production in dairy goats.

scholarly journals Effects of Partial Replacement of Conventional with Alternative Feeds on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Composition of Awassi Ewes and Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Aloueedat ◽  
Belal S. Obeidat ◽  
Mofleh S. Awawdeh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Alternative Feeds

Two experiments were done to assess the effects of alternative feeds (AF; dried distillers grains with solubles, carob pods, olive cake, and bread by-product) on lactating performance of ewes and digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention of lambs. Diets were: no AF (CON); 200 g/kg AF (AF200); and 400 g/kg AF (AF400). In Experiment 1, 27 Awassi ewes were randomly distributed into three groups, and each was fed one of the diets described before (9 ewes/diet). Evaluation of milk composition and yield was performed at the beginning of the experiment and on days 18, 36, and 54. In Experiment 2, 18 Awassi lambs were allocated to the same diets (6 ewe lambs/diet) during a 21-day trial (14 days housed individually in shaded pens and 7 days in metabolic cages). In Experiment 1, no differences in body weight (BW) of the ewes and their lambs were detected. With the exception of neutral detergent fiber intake, which was lower in the AF-containing diets compared with CON, dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber intake were not affected by dietary treatment. Milk yield and composition was comparable among diets, and the cost of milk production was lower in AF compared to CON diet. In Experiment 2, nutrient digestibility and N retention were not affected by the diet. Results showed the possibility of including different AF in ewe and lamb diets to mitigate production cost without negatively affecting intake, milk yield, and composition, digestibility, and animal welfare and health.

Ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in sheep fed diets with different levels of date pulp

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Khezri ◽  
S. Javidan ◽  
O. Dayani ◽  
R. Tahmasbi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Different Levels

Four ruminally cannulated mature Kermani sheep (50 ± 2.3 kg and 40 ± 2.1 months old) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to determine the effects of diets with different levels of date pulp (DP) on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and microbial protein synthesis. DP was replaced for wheat bran in diets at no DP (0 DP), 7 (7 DP), 14 (14 DP) and 21% (21 DP) of diet dry matter (DM) and were fed twice daily (0800 hours and 1800 hours). In this study, increasing the amount of DP in diets of sheep did not affect DM intake and apparent digestibility of nutrient (P > 0.05). Inclusion of DP in diets increased ruminal pH linearly (P < 0.05), but did not influence total volatile fatty acids and molar proportion of individual volatile fatty acids (P > 0.05). Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration (6.04 vs 10.13 mmol/L), and blood urea nitrogen (8.59 vs 13.10 mg/dL) were affected by diets (P < 0.05). Moreover, urinary nitrogen excretion was higher (P < 0.05) for Control diet (no DP) than the 21 DP diet. In this study, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were affected by experimental diets (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study showed that DP at 14% can be used as an alternative feed resource in sheep nutrition especially in semiarid areas.

scholarly journals Partial replacement of corn by soybean hulls in high-grain diets for feedlot sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Homem Junior ◽  
Bruno Faleiros Nocera ◽  
Lucas Figueiredo Faleiros ◽  
Marco Túlio Costa Almeida ◽  
Josimari Regina Paschoaloto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Soybean Hulls

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial replacement of corn grains by soybean hulls, in high-grain diets, and its effect on the feeding behavior and ruminal fermentation parameters of feedlot sheep. Eight rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep were assigned to four treatment groups composed of a control, to fed a diet of 50% corn silage and 50% concentrate, and to three groups fed high-grain diets, as follows: 85% corn (Diet85), 75% corn plus 10% soybean hulls (Diet75), and 65% corn plus 20% soybean hulls (Diet65). High-grain diets reduced rumination time and provided a higher degradation of feed dry matter, a higher-propionic acid concentration, a lower-acetic acid concentration, a lower methane and carbon dioxide gas production, and a lower ruminal pH value. Diet65, with 20% soybean hulls, promoted an increase in the acetic acid proportion, with a reduction in the CO2:CH4 ratio. At the end of in vitro incubation, the pH value was higher for the control diet, and it was lower for Diet85. The inclusion of soybean hulls does not change methane production and dry matter degradation, and it can be used to substitute up to 20% of corn grain in high-grain diets.

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