scholarly journals Reproductive Potential of Stone Moroko (Pseudorasbora parva, Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Gobionidae) Inhabiting Central Europe

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2627
Author(s):  
Lucyna Kirczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Dziewulska ◽  
Przemysław Czerniejewski ◽  
Adam Brysiewicz ◽  
Izabella Rząd
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pseudorasbora Parva ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Mean

Similar to other invasive species, stone moroko is extending its global distribution. The present study aimed to assess the reproductive potential of stone moroko fish in a new habitat in Poland based on analysing the sexual cycle and fecundity. Fish morphometric data, age, and gonadal structures were analysed. Fish age ranged from 0+ to 5+ years. Most females and males (93% and 60%, respectively) had reached sexual maturity in the first year of their life, with the smallest length of 25 mm and 28 mm, respectively. The mean, standard length of the body was 50 mm. The spawning season was spread over four months from late-April to mid-August. Females laid eggs in portions, and the absolute and relative fecundity was 1372 and 1691, respectively. Stone moroko males were ready to spawn for a longer time period than females. The present study shows greater reproductive potential of stone moroko population in the central Europe than the native population, suggesting its successful colonisation in the new habitat.

scholarly journals VI.—The Body-Temperature of Fishes and other Marine Animals.

1908 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 66-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutherland Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
First Year ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Image Position

SUMMARYThe body-temperature of the following fishes, crustaceans, and echinoderms has been examined and compared with the temperature of the water in which they live:—Cod-fish (Gadus morrhua), ling (Molva vulgaris), torsk (Brosmius brosme), coal-fish or saithe (Gadus virens), haddock (Gadus œgelfinus), flounder (Pleuronectes flesus), smelt (Osmerus eperlanus), dog-fish (Scyllium catulus), shore crab (Carcinus mœnas), edible crab (Cancer pagurus), lobster (Homarus vulgaris), sea-urchin (Echinus esculentus), and starfish (Asterias rubens). The minimum, maximum, and mean temperature difference for each species are given in the following table:—The excess of temperature is most evident in the larger specimens. This is well shown in the case of the coal-fish, where in the adult it was 0°·7 C., and in the great majority (11 out of 12) of the young of the first year, 0°·0 C. The body-weight and the conditions under which the fish are captured probably form the most important factors in determining the temperature difference.In 14 codfish, where the rectal, blood, and muscle temperatures were recorded in the same individual, it was found to be highest in the muscle and lowest in the rectum, the mean temperature difference being 0°·46 C. for the muscle, 0°·41 C for the blood, and 0°·36 C. for the rectum.

Reproductive Rates of Harp Seals, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben)

1966 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Sergeant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Pagophilus Groenlandicus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Lower Population

In less than a decade the mean age at sexual maturity of female harp seals of the Front, or northeastern Newfoundland population, decreased to 4 from [Formula: see text] years. Exploitation was heavy during this period and included a high proportion of seals older than 1 year. Females of the Gulf of St. Lawrence herd declined in mean age at sexual maturity over the same decade to 5 from nearly 6 years. Exploitation of this herd was lower, especially for animals older than their first year. Fertility of the adult females was likely higher in the more heavily exploited population. Published data on the White Sea population, which was reduced to low numbers, show reproduction at a lower mean age than for the present Front herd; for the Jan Mayen herd, of uncertain population status, about the same reproductive rate as the present Gulf herd. In most of the populations, samples of adult, whelped females showed the greatest number in the age-class about 1 year older than that first showing 100% of the females mature, as would be expected; however, samples from the Front herd showed dominance of an older age-class, suggesting that young adult females may to some extent segregate into separate groups. The immediate factors leading to increased reproductive rates at lower population densities were not elucidated.

scholarly journals How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live in Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index?

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Antonio Viñuela ◽  
Juan José Criado-Álvarez ◽  
Javier Aceituno-Gómez ◽  
Carlos Durantez-Fernández ◽  
José Luis Martín-Conty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann–Whitney, chi-square, Student’s t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.

scholarly journals Reproductive characteristics of wild boar males (Sus scrofa) under different environmental conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Drimaj ◽  
Jiří Kamler ◽  
Martin Hošek ◽  
Jaroslav Zeman ◽  
Radim Plhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Permanent Increase

The wild boar population has been on a permanent increase over the last decades, causing conflicts with the requirements of modern human society. Existing effort to stabilize wild boar numbers generally fails with one of the causes being the high reproductive potential of wild boar. The aim of this study was to assess the onset of sexual maturity in wild boar males with regard to age, physical frame and environmental conditions on the basis of testicle development and sperm production. This study assessed the dimensions of gonads and the occurrence of sperm in boars caught during common hunts. Environmental conditions were found as an important factor for growth and sexual maturity of wild boar males. The body weight was a more important factor for sperm production than the age of young wild boar males. The weight threshold for sperm production in the testes was 29 kg of live weight, which corresponds to 6 months of age on average. This study has proven that environmental conditions are a significant factor affecting the physical development of male wild boars, more specifically the growth rate of their body frames and the onset of sexual maturity. In a better quality environment boars grow faster and enter puberty at an earlier age. Poor food supply and/or high hunting pressure result in slower body and testicular growth, as well as the production of sperm at a later age (approx. 2-3 months later).

Observations on the breeding and growth of the marsupial Perameles nasuta Geoffroy, with notes on other bandicoots.

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cube Root ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Breeding Activity ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

A study has been made of 521 bandicoots (Perameles nasuta, 324; P. gunnii, 111 ; Isoodon obesulus, 86). Near Sydney, P. nasuta breeds all the year round with no indication of any peaks of breeding activity. Limited observations on P. gunnii and I. obesulus in Tasmania also suggest that births occur in every season of the year. Parturition of a single individual of P. nasuta was witnessed. Fifteen new-born specimens of this species were measured and body weight records were obtained for five of them. The average dimensions of these specimens, and consecutive measurements of three specimens born in captivity and of known age, were used to age pouch young of unknown age. Age changes in the appearance of P. nasuta are described and illustrated. Hair emerges on the trunk at about 40 days after birth and at 2 months the coat is similar to that of the adult. The rate of body growth is extremely rapid just prior to the opening of the eyes (usually at 45-48 days), and the young first appear outside the pouch several days later. The pouch contains eight teats, and the mean litter sizes were: P. nasuta, 2.44 (52 litters); P. gunnii, 2.23 (22 litters); I. obesulus, 2.33 (9 litters). In 47 litters of P. nasuta, 73 young were on teats of the left side compared with 46 on the right side of the pouch. The sexes were equally represented in the pouch young of the three species examined. In P. nasuta, sexual maturity is reached at about 450 g in females and about 650 g in males. The linear equivalence (cube root of the body weight) is used as an overall measure of size with which the parts of the body are compared.

scholarly journals Study on Blood Biochemical Profile in Relation to Age and Scrotal Biometry in Adolescent Surti Bucks

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Chaudhari ◽  
A. J. Dhami ◽  
C.P. Parmar, J.A. Patel and M.M. Pathan K. Hadiya ◽  
S. C. Parmar ◽  
D. V. Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Profile

The study was undertaken on 11 Surti male kids of identical age and birth weight from 14 weeks of age till puberty and sexual maturity up to 47 weeks (12 months) of age. The scrotal biometry, i.e., length, width, circumference (cm) and volume (cm3) were recorded using standard procedures at 3 weeks intervals. The mean weight of animals at birth, 14 and 35 weeks of age was 1.53±0.05, 9.86±0.61 kg and 17.84±1.09 kg, respectively and thereafter it did not change much till 47 weeks of age. Similarly, the mean values of scrotal length, width, circumference (cm) and scrotal volume (cm3) at 14 weeks of age were 2.89±0.22, 2.05±0.17, 8.82±0.72 and 21.36±0.93, respectively, which then gradually increased with an advancing age till 35 weeks of age reaching 10.65±0.30, 7.55±0.24, 19.45±0.65 and 200.45±16.67, respectively, which later became almost stable. At puberty, the average age and body weight were 27.00±0.75 weeks and 15.16±0.56 kg, and at sexual maturity 38.18±0.90 weeks and 19.61±0.93 kg, respectively. Great individual variation was noted in all the biometric traits among bucks studied. The blood plasma profile studied at bimonthly intervals revealed significant increase in total protein and ALT, and decrease in cholesterol and cobalt concentrations with advancing age. However, the AST and macro-micro minerals did not vary, suggestive of acquiring adult profile by 6 months of age. Based on the age, scrotal biometry, semen quality and blood biochemistry, it could be inferred that the Surti bucks attained full reproductive potential at around 9- 10 months of age with stable blood plasma profile.

scholarly journals How Relevant Is the Place Where First-Year College Students Live In Relation to the Increase in Body Mass Index?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Viñuela ◽  
Juan José Criado-Álvarez ◽  
Javier Aceituno-Gomez ◽  
Carlos Durantez-Fernández ◽  
Jose Luis Martin-Conty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where they live during the course and design lifestyle and health strategies to the university community. (2) Methods: 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, student's t- test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits or where they live during the course. At the beginning course the mean BMI was 22.1 &plusmn; 3,642. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p value &amp;lt;0. 015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p value &amp;lt;0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly change their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residences.: (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.

scholarly journals Some Aspects of Osmotic Regulation in Lampreys

1956 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. HARDISTY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Lampetra Planeri ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Osmolar Concentration

1. The mean osmolar concentration (expressed as mM. NaCl/1.) of the serum for Lampetra planeri was found to be 110 mM. in the ammocoete and 113 mM. in the adult. For adult L. fluviatilis serum in November the mean osmolar concentration was 143 mM. and in March 136 mM. 2. In adult planeri the Cl concentration of the body fluids accounted for nearly 90% of the total concentration as compared with only 58% in the serum of the ammocoete. Adult fluviatilis kept in tap water throughout the winter appeared to show an increase in Cl levels. 3. Evidence has been produced to support the view that the differences observed in water, fat and Cl content of ammocoete and adult planeri and adult fluviatilis are consequences of the period of starvation preceding sexual maturity. 4. Pronounced seasonal variations have been found in the fat and Cl content of ammocoetes of planeri. 5. The osmotic uptake of water has been determined for adults of both species in fresh water. In planeri the rate of uptake for unit body weight is about four times as great as in fluviatilis. 6. Observations have also been made on the osmotic loss of water of ammocoete and adult planeri and of adult fluviatilis in sea water of different concentrations. For unit body weight osmotic loss of water in planeri is about twice that of fluviatilis. 7. Total losses of Cl have been determined for ammocoete and adult planeri in distilled water and their effects on internal Cl levels have been studied. Observations have also been made on the active uptake of Cl. 8. Acclimatization experiments on ammocoetes and adult planeri and on adult fluviatilis have failed to produce any evidence of regulation in sea water.

Age at Sexual Maturity and Pregnancy Rates of Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena from the Bay of Fundy

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Read
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bay Of Fundy ◽  
Phocoena Phocoena ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
The Mean

Age at sexual maturity and pregnancy rate were estimated from a sample of 108 female harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena killed incidentally in a commercial gill net fishery in the Bay of Fundy during July–September, 1985–88. Estimates of sexual maturity ranged from 3.15 to 3.44 yr, depending on the method used; few individuals older than 7 yr of age were present in the sample. The mean age at first pregnancy was 3.76 yr. Pregnancy rate was estimated using two methods: (1) considering the entire sample and using the presence of a corpus luteum as indicative of pregnancy, and (2) by considering the sample collected after implantation and using the presence of a foetus as the criterion of pregnancy. Estimated pregnancy rates using these two methods were 0.86 and 0.74, respectively. Many young females failed to conceive in their first year or two of sexual maturity, but most older females in the sample were pregnant. These high pregnancy rates are indicative of annual reproduction in this population.

Abstract 019: Real-World Use of Sacubitril/ Valsartan in Heart Failure in the First Year Following FDA Approval

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey R Sangaralingham ◽  
S. J Sangaralingham ◽  
Holly K Van Houten ◽  
Nilay D Shah ◽  
Rosalyn O Adigun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Prescription Costs ◽  
The Mean

Background: In July 2015, the FDA approved the use of sacubitril/ valsartan in patients with heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction. It was shown in a large clinical trial to reduce the risk of both hospitalization and death compared with enalapril, and has since received a class I recommendation for use in the 2016 ACC/ AHA HF guidelines. However, the use of sacubitril/ valsartan in a clinical practice has not been described. We aimed to assess the uptake and cost of sacubitril/ valsartan in its first year following FDA approval. Methods: Using a large U.S. insurance database, we identified privately insured and Medicare Advantage (MA) patients who filled a first prescription for sacubitril/ valsartan between July 1, 2015 and July 31, 2016. We restricted to persons with medical and pharmacy enrollment for 6 months prior to first fill. For reference, we identified all individuals with a diagnosis of HF on a billing claim (ICD9 428.X or ICD-10 I50.X) in the same time period. Results: There were 314,410 individuals with a diagnosis of HF in the study period. In total, 972 filled a new prescription for sacubitril/ valsartan, and the number of new users steadily increased over time (Figure). The mean age of sacubitril/ valsartan users was 68.1±12.3 years, 32.5% were women, 61.1% were white, and 77% were enrolled in MA plans. Most prescribing clinicians were cardiologists (82.5%). A majority of prescription costs were covered by the health plan (mean $324.05, median $335.38, interquartile range [IQR] $266.56-$370.10). Out-of-pocket (OOP) costs per 30-day prescription filled were variable (mean $101.53, median $45.00, IQR $7.40-$97.49), and were similar in beneficiaries enrolled in MA and commercial plans. By comparison, median OOP costs were $2-4 for lisinopril, losartan, carvedilol, and spironolactone per 30-day prescription. Discussion: These finding suggest that the uptake of sacubitril/ valsartan has been slow in the first year after FDA approval. While the majority of prescription costs are covered by the health plan, OOP costs are still much higher than other guideline-recommended HF medications. Further studies are needed to determine if uptake of sacubril/ valsartan continues to rise and if the higher prescription cost is associated with lower downstream costs of hospitalization and mortality benefit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document