scholarly journals Exogenous Enzymes Influenced Eimeria-Induced Changes in Cecal Fermentation Profile and Gene Expression of Nutrient Transporters in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2698
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Oluyinka A. Olukosi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Two 21-day experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of exogenous enzymes on growth performance, tight junctions, and nutrient transporters, jejunal oligosaccharides and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of broiler chickens challenged with mixed Eimeria. Two different basal diets: high fiber-adequate protein (HFAP; Expt. 1) or low fiber-low protein (LFLP; Expt. 2) were used in the two experiments. In each experiment, birds were allocated to four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with or without protease and xylanase combination; with or without Eimeria challenge). In Expt. 1, with HFAP diets, Eimeria upregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of claudin-1, but downregulated (p < 0.05) glucose transporters GLUT2/GLUT5. On the contrary, enzymes downregulated (p < 0.05) claudin-1 and alleviated the Eimeria-depressed GLUT2/GLUT5 expression. In both experiments, Eimeria decreased (p < 0.05) cecal saccharolytic SCFA and increased (p < 0.05) cecal branched-chain fatty acids. The challenge × enzyme interaction (p < 0.05) showed that enzymes reversed the Eimeria effects on fermentation pattern shift. In conclusion, Eimeria altered tight junctions and nutrient transporters expression promoted cecal proteolytic fermentation and inhibited saccharolytic fermentation. Exogenous enzymes showed the potential of alleviating the Eimeria-induced intestinal gene expression changes and reversing the unfavorable cecal fermentation pattern.

Short chain fatty acids induce TH gene expression via ERK-dependent phosphorylation of CREB protein

2006 ◽  
Vol 1107 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Shah ◽  
Bistra B. Nankova ◽  
Santosh Parab ◽  
Edmund F. La Gamma
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Creb Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Changes in Faecal Short-Chain Fatty Acids after Weight-Loss Interventions in Subjects with Morbid Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per G Farup ◽  
Jørgen Valeur
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The gut microbiota and their metabolites, e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), are associated with obesity. The primary aims were to study faecal SCFA levels and the changes in SCFA levels after weight-loss interventions in subjects with obesity, and secondarily, to study factors associated with the faecal SCFA levels. In total, 90 subjects (men / women: 15/75) with a mean age of 44.4 (SD 8.4) years, BMI 41.7 (SD 3.7) kg/m2 and morbid obesity (BMI > 40 or > 35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) were included. Faecal SCFA and other variables were measured at inclusion and after a six-month conservative weight-loss intervention followed by bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or gastric sleeve). Six months after surgery, the total amount of SCFA was reduced, the total and relative amounts of the main straight SCFA (acetic-, propionic-, and butyric- acids) were reduced, and the total and relative amounts of branched SCFA (isobutyric-, isovaleric-, and isocaproic- acids) were increased. The changes indicate a shift toward a proteolytic fermentation pattern with unfavorable health effects. The amount of SCFA was associated with the diet but not with metabolic markers or makers of the faecal microbiota composition. Dietary interventions could counteract the unfavorable effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Oat Hulls Incorporated in the Diet or Fed as Free Choice on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, Gut Morphology and Digesta Short Chain Fatty Acids of Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Adewole ◽  
Janice MacIsaac ◽  
Gillian Fraser ◽  
Bruce Rathgeber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The use of high fiber agricultural byproducts in poultry nutrition can help not only to reduce feed cost but also to promote gastrointestinal functionality and growth performance and enhance environmental sustainability. This study was conducted to examine the effect of oat hulls (OH) incorporated in the diet or fed as free choice on growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Day old broiler chickens were assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups which consisted of a corn–soybean meal–wheat based diet (Basal), Basal + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), Basal + 3% OH (3% OH) and Basal + free choice OH (FCOH). Each group had six replicate pens of 27 chicks and were raised for 39 d. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined weekly for each pen. One chicken/pen was slaughtered on d 36 to determine organ weights, jejunal morphology, digesta pH and cecal SCFA and two chickens/pen were slaughtered on d 39 to determine carcass weight and yield. Diet had no effect on FI, except on d 28, when the FCOH group had higher FI than the 3% OH groups. During the starter phase, chickens fed 3% OH had the highest BWG and lowest FCR, which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those fed FCOH. Chickens fed 3% OH had the highest slaughter, hot carcass, and cold carcass weights, which were significantly different (p < 0.05) from those fed FCOH. Diet had no effect on jejunal villus height and crypt depth, ileal and cecal digesta pH, and cecal SCFA. Chickens fed FCOH had a larger (p < 0.0001) gizzard weight and showed a tendency to have a larger (p = 0.09) ceca weight than other treatment groups. In conclusion, the inclusion of 3% OH in an antibiotic-free diet has the potential to enhance growth performance, while free choice OH increases the gizzard weight of broiler chickens.

The clearance rate of rumen liquid and rumen fermentation pattern in sheep receiving forage diets

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Thomas ◽  
J. C. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out to study the composition of the mixture of rumen short-chain fatty acids and the clearance rate of the rumen liquid phase in sheep given diets of dried grass, high-nitrogen hay, low-nitrogen hay and barley straw. Differences between diets in clearance rate were not significant (P > 0·05) and differences between diets in the composition of the mixture of rumen acids were small. There were substantial variations in clearance rate between individual sheep but this was not associated with variations in the pattern of fermentation and the correlation between the proportion of propionic acid and the clearance rate in the rumen was low (r = –0·23).In a second experiment sheep receiving a moderate-quality hay were given intravenous injections of atropine sulphate which resulted in significant increases in rumen volume (P < 0·01) and significant reductions in ruminal clearance rate (P < 0·05). These were accompanied by significant increases in the numbers of protozoa (P < 0·05) and bacteria (P < 0·05) in the rumen but the composition of the mixture of rumen short-chain fatty acids was unchanged.It is concluded that there is little possibility through alteration of ruminal clearance rate, for manipulation of rumen fermentation pattern in sheep receiving diets of moderate- or poor-quality forages.

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