scholarly journals Identification of Thermophilic Aerobic Sporeformers in Bedding Material of Compost-Bedded Dairy Cows Using Microbial and Molecular Methods

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890
Author(s):  
Isabella J. Giambra ◽  
Yeasmin Jahan ◽  
Tong Yin ◽  
Petra Engel ◽  
Christina Weimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bedding Material ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Thermoactinomyces Vulgaris ◽  
Ureibacillus Thermosphaericus ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Sampling Season

Compost-bedded pack barns (CBP) are of increasing interest in dairy farming due to their positive effect on animal welfare. The temperature and the moisture content of the bedding material characterising the composting process can promote the growth of thermophilic aerobic sporeformers (TAS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine CBP bedding material characteristics, such as moisture content and temperature, and to determine TAS species. The dilution, the heat inactivation of all non-TAS species and the incubation of 13 bedding samples from four CBP groups resulted in a mean TAS amount over all samples of 4.11 log10 cfu/g bedding material. Based on the subsequent sequencing of parts of the 16S rRNA-gene of 99 TAS colonies, the TAS species Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, Laceyella sacchari, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Ureibacillus thermosphaericus were identified. The moisture content of the bedding material, the relative humidity above the bedding material and the sampling season significantly affected the amount of TAS. The moisture content or relative humidity above the bedding material significantly influenced the concentration of Ureibacillus thermophaericus or Laceyella sacchari. Consequently, an optimal CBP management including a dry lying surface and an optimal composting process will contribute to a moderate microbial, especially TAS amount, and TAS species distribution.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Algorithms to predict moisture content of grain using relative humidity time-series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Delahunt ◽  
Wenbo Wang ◽  
Simon Ghionea ◽  
Andrew Miller ◽  
Austin Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content

Determination of readiness for laying based on material moisture, corresponding relative humidity, and water release

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Christoph Strangfeld ◽  
Sabine Kruschwitz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Moisture Content Determination

Abstract The moisture content of the subfloor has to be determined before installation to avoid damage to the floor covering. Only if readiness for layering is reached, can an installation without damage be expected in all cases. In general, three approaches exist to measure residual water content: determination of moisture content, determination of water release, or determination of the corresponding relative humidity. All three approaches are tested under laboratory conditions at eight screed types including two samples thicknesses in each case. Moisture content and water release are measured by sample weighing, the corresponding relative humidity is measured by embedded sensors. All three approaches are compared and correlated. The evaluations show only a weak correlation and, in several cases, contradicting results. Samples are considered ready for layering and not ready for layering at the same time, depending on the chosen approach. Due to these contradicting results, a general threshold for a risk of damage cannot be derived based on these measurements. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that the measurement of corresponding relative humidity is independent of the screed type or screed composition considered. This makes humidity measurement a potentially very promising approach for the installation of material moisture monitoring systems.

EFFECT OF MOISTURE CONTENT ON VIABILITY AND INFESTATION OF HULLESS TERRA OATS IN STORAGE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. SINHA ◽  
N. D. G. WHITE ◽  
H. A. H. WALLACE ◽  
R. I. H. McKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mite Infestation ◽  
Tyrophagus Putrescentiae ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

The effects of various seed moisture contents in hulless (cv. Terra) and hulled oats (cv. Random) on susceptibility to mite infestation and on mycofloral growth and germination loss were studied at weekly intervals. Fat acidity values were determined for Terra oats only after 4 wk of storage. Moisture content-relative humidity adsorption and desorption curves were determined for Terra at 22 °C and at relative humidities of 35–100%. Terra oats, which had a higher level of Penicillium infection at 90–100% RH than Random oats, lost viability more rapidly than Random. Fat acidity values of Terra increased rapidly from 35 mg KOH/100 g of seed to 87–118 mg KOH/100 g of seed, only when seeds were stored at 90–100% RH. Terra offered a more favorable substrate for the multiplication of the mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus farris, and Lepidoglyphus destructor than did Random. With the exception of susceptibility to mite infestation, safe storage criteria are similar for hulled and hulless oats at usual moisture contents.

Durability study of ramie fiber fabric reinforced phenolic plates under humidity conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun Xian ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
Innocent Kafodya ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Wei-lun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Resin Matrix ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Fiber Fabric

AbstractA durability study of a ramie fiber fabric reinforced phenolic resin (RFRP) plate under 50%, 85%, and 98% relative humidity for 6 months at room temperature was performed. Water absorption and desorption, tensile and short beam shear strengths of the RFRP plates were investigated as a function of exposure time. RFRP samples show strong hydrophilic characteristics and the saturated water content varies from 0.73% to 4.5% with relative humidity ranging from 50% to 98%. After 6 months of exposure to 98% relative humidity, an abnormal extra amount of moisture was absorbed, which may have resulted from cracks in the resin matrix or from debonding between fiber and resin due to swelling of the fibers with high moisture content. It was found that the tensile modulus is more susceptible to moisture uptake, which is ascribed to the degradation of ramie fibers with the water ingress. An approximate linearity between the mechanical properties and the moisture content is observed if the abnormal extra water uptake is neglected. Both tensile and short beam shear strengths of the RFRP samples recovered remarkably when samples were fully dried at 60°C, indicating a low degree of permanent degradation occurred due to the exposure.

scholarly journals DRYING STUDY OF EUCALYTPTUS STAIGERIANA LEAVES BY MONITORING THE HUMIDITY OF THE DRYER DISCHARGE

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Braga ◽  
A. Starquit ◽  
M. A. Cremasco ◽  
J. O. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Humidity Transducer ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Heavy Phase ◽  
Simultaneous Heat ◽  
Analytical Scale ◽  
Air Humidification

The drying phenomenon can be treated as simultaneous heat and mass transfer in both the light and heavy phases. In the present case, the phenomenon’s evolution is normally observed through the heating of and moisture removal from the heavy phase. On the other hand, while the material is heating, the light phase is cooling and humidifying. The goal of the present work is to present discharge air humidification curves as a function of the drying time for Eucalyptus staigeriana leaves drying experiments. For the air humidification measurements, a dry bulb thermocouple and relative humidity transducer were installed at both the dryer inlet and outlet. The dryer was linked to a data acquisition system, which recorded the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity with time. These data were later used to calculate the air moisture content at the dryer inlet and outlet. The data obtained by this methodology are compared with the ones from drying kinetic (moisture content removing of the heavy phase along time), acquired by the evolution of wet material weight through the use of an analytical scale.

scholarly journals Improving the accuracy of wood moisture content estimation in four European softwoods from Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. e002
Author(s):  
Juan I. Fernández-Golfín ◽  
Maria Conde Garcia ◽  
Marta Conde Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Wood Moisture Content ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Wood Moisture ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Measured Moisture Content

Aim of study: To obtain improved models to predict, with an error of less than ± 2.0%, the gravimetric moisture content in four different softwoods commonly present in the Spanish and European markets, based on electrical resistance measurements. This improved moisture content estimation is useful not only for assessing the quality of wood products, especially in the case of laminated products, during the transformation and delivery process, but also for accurately monitoring the evolution of moisture in wood present in bridges and buildings, which is of great importance for its maintenance and service life improvement.Area of study: The study was carried out on samples of Scots, laricio, radiata and  maritime pines of Spanish provenances.Material and methods: On 50x50x20 mm3 solid wood samples (36 per species, 9 per condition), conditioned at 20ºC (±05ºC) and 40±5%, 65±5%, 80±5% or 90±5% Relative Humidity (RH), electrical resistance and oven-dry moisture content was measured. The Samuelsson's model was fitted to data to explain the relationship between the two variables. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by the use of an external sample.Main results: With the proposed mathematical functions the wood moisture content can be estimated with an error of ±0.9% in the four species, confirming the effectiveness of this nondestructive methodology for accurate estimation and monitoring of moisture content.Research highlights: our results allow the improvement of the moisture content estimation technique by resistance-type methodologies.Keywords: Resistance-type moisture meter; species correction.Abbreviations used: MC: Moisture content; RH: relative Humidity; R: electrical resistance; RP: wood electrical resistance measured parallel to the grain; RT: electrical resistance measured perpendicular (transversally) to the grain; GM-MC: gravimetrically measured moisture content.

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