Investigating the Reciprocal Interrelationships among the Ruminal Microbiota, Metabolome, and Mastitis in Early Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

Mastitis in dairy cow significantly affects animal performance, ultimately reducing profitability. The reciprocal interrelationships among ruminal microbiota, metabolome, and mastitis combining early inflammatory factors (serum proinflammatory cytokines) in lactating dairy cows has not been explored, thus, this study evaluated these reciprocal interrelationships in early lactating Holstein dairy cows to identify potential microbial biomarkers and their relationship with ruminal metabolites. The ruminal fluid was sampled from 8 healthy and 8 mastitis cows for the microbiota and metabolite analyses. The critical ruminal microbial biomarkers and metabolites related to somatic cell counts (SCC) and serum proinflammatory cytokines were identified by the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) algorithm and Spearman’s correlation analysis, respectively. The SCC level and proinflammatory cytokines positively correlated with Sharpea and negatively correlated with Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Treponema saccharophilum. Furthermore, the metabolites xanthurenic acid, and 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) ethan-1-ol positively correlated with microbial biomarkers of healthy cows, whereas, xanthine, pantothenic acid, and anacardic acid were negatively correlated with the microbial biomarkers of mastitis cows. In conclusion, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Treponema saccharophilum are potential strains for improving the health of dairy cows. The current study provides a novel perspective to assist in targeting the ruminal microbiota with preventive/therapeutic strategies against inflammatory diseases in the future.

Download Full-text

294 Effect of Supplementing Rumen-protected Methionine on Production, Apparent Digestibility and Economic Effectiveness in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 159-159

Author(s):

Jialin Wei ◽

Zhijun Cao ◽

Yuanxiao Li

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Total Solid ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Economic Effectiveness ◽

Control Group ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) levels and supplementing rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on production, apparent digestibility of nutrients and economic effectiveness of lactating Holstein cows. A total of 96 (60 ± 7 d in milk; 34.39 ± 5.74 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD) lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON); diet containing 16.4% CP with supplementing 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM). All the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of SAS (SAS version 9.2, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.). No effects were observed of reducing dietary CP on somatic cell counts, milk yield and milk composition including fat, protein, lactose, total solid, solids-not-fat and milk urea nitrogen. The total apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar between treatments, while RPM group had higher calcium digestion (44.24% vs. 42.75% ± 10.13%) and phosphorus digestion (48.50% vs. 45.96% ± 12.90%) numerically. In addition, supplying the diet of 16.4% CP with RPM supplementation to cows could reduce feeding cost by 0.5 $/d per cow and boost net profits. In conclusion, lower dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients, and also could improve the economic benefits of the dairy farms.

Download Full-text

Rumen and Hindgut Bacteria Are Potential Indicators for Mastitis of Mid-Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8122042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2042

Author(s):

Yifan Zhong ◽

Ming-Yuan Xue ◽

Hui-Zeng Sun ◽

Teresa G. Valencak ◽

Le Luo Guan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Rumen Bacteria ◽

New Approach ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

The Family ◽

Forest Modeling ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Mastitis is one of the major problems for the productivity of dairy cows and its classifications have usually been based on milk somatic cell counts (SCCs). In this study, we investigated the differences in milk production, rumen fermentation parameters, and diversity and composition of rumen and hindgut bacteria in cows with similar SCCs with the aim to identify whether they can be potential microbial biomarkers to improve the diagnostics of mastitis. A total of 20 dairy cows with SCCs over 500 × 103 cells/mL in milk but without clinical symptoms of mastitis were selected in this study. Random forest modeling revealed that Erysipelotrichaceae UCG 004 and the [Eubacterium] xylanophilum group in the rumen, as well as the Family XIII AD3011 group and Bacteroides in the hindgut, were the most influential candidates as key bacterial markers for differentiating “true” mastitis from cows with high SCCs. Mastitis statuses of 334 dairy cows were evaluated, and 96 in 101 cows with high SCCs were defined as healthy rather than mastitis according to the rumen bacteria. Our findings suggested that bacteria in the rumen and hindgut can be a new approach and provide an opportunity to reduce common errors in the detection of mastitis.

Download Full-text

Identification of rumen microbial biomarkers linked to methane emission in Holstein dairy cows

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.1111/jbg.12427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 137 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuliaxis Ramayo‐Caldas ◽

Laura Zingaretti ◽

Milka Popova ◽

Jordi Estellé ◽

Aurelien Bernard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Download Full-text

The effect of staphylococcal mastitis including resistant strains on serum procalcitonin, neopterin, acute phase response and stress biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11511 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11511

Author(s):

Wael El-Deeb ◽

Mahmoud Fayez ◽

Naser Alhumam ◽

Ibrahim Elsohaby ◽

Sayed A. Quadri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Staphylococcal mastitis (SM) is a frequent disease in the dairy cattle that is costly to treat. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the levels of procalcitonin (PCT), neopterin (NPT), haptoglobin (HP), serum amyloid A (SAA), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ) and oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers in Holstein dairy cows with SM under field conditions. In addition, we also evaluated the role of examined biomarkers in disease pathogenesis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers for the disease in dairy cows. Fifty-three dairy cows with SM, including those with infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 42) and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n = 11) were selected for this study. In addition, 20 healthy dairy cows were enrolled as a control group. Higher serum levels of PCT, NP, IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α, IF-γ, HP and SAA and a state of OS was detected in SM group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the levels of all examined biomarkers in mastitic cows with S. aureus when compared with those infected with MRSA was not significantly different. All examined biomarkers demonstrated a significant degree of discrimination between SM cows and healthy controls (the area under the curve (AUC) ranged from 83.6 for SAA to 100 for PCT). Our study showed that SM in dairy cows was associated with substantial changes in serum PCT, NPT, Acute phase proteins (APPs), proinflammatory cytokines, and OS levels. This study demonstrates that clinical examination in tandem with quantification of PCT, NPT, APPs and cytokines, OS biomarkers could be a useful assessment tool for SM in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

10.21203/rs.2.16624/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ruowei Guan ◽

Diming Wang ◽

Beibei Wang ◽

Luyi Jiang ◽

Jianxin Liu

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Transition Cows ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Tnf Α

Abstract Background Mastitis is one of the most frequent diseases for transition cows, causing significant economic losses. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate alterations in blood inflammatory cells and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. Results Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected. Blood samples were collected at weeks -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3 and 4 relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cutoff of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 ml -1 , 22 cows with 200,000 ≤ SCC < 500,000 ml -1 , and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 ml -1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher ( P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were elevated from weeks -3 to 2 relative to calving in high SCC cows compared to low SCC cows. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase ( P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels ( P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. In addition, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR ( P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 ( P = 0.05), CD4 ( P < 0.01) and CD8 ( P < 0.01), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 ( P < 0.01), TNF-α ( P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 ( P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, leading to the elevated NLR and PLR in high SCC cows. Conclusions The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk

Download Full-text

Investigating the relationship between protein-fat difference and milk yield and somatic cell counts of Iraninan Holstein dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200020871 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 184-184

Author(s):

Behnam Saremi ◽

Jalil Ghaseminejad ◽

Javad Eslami

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Management Tools ◽

Feed Composition ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Milk Cows ◽

Good Nutrition ◽

Genetic Evaluations ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

Milk quality control is one of the most important management tools used on dairy farms. Periodic recording and accurate analysis of data is needed. Management decisions and genetic evaluations are based on these data (Miglior, 2002; Wiggans, 1985). Good nutrition management is important for economical production (improvedmilk yield and protein% and fat%) and health of animals (Schroeder, 1996). It is possible to evaluate the management system and nutrition program in a herd according to the protein% and fat% of milk. Cows that produce low milk with high fat are generally weak or have a low DMI. Low milk fat is caused by metabolic disorders or unbalanced feed composition. Low milk protein is due to lack of energy in diet (JafariKhorshidi, K. and J. Soltaniha. 1382). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of protein % to fat % difference on milk production of Holstein dairy cows.

Download Full-text

Prognostic potential of pre-partum blood biochemical and immune variables for postpartum mastitis risk in dairy cows

10.21203/rs.2.16624/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ruowei Guan ◽

Diming Wang ◽

Beibei Wang ◽

Luyi Jiang ◽

Jianxin Liu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Transition Cows ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Tnf Α ◽

The Difference

Abstract Background: Mastitis is the most frequent diseases for transition cows. Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis of mastitis is important for its prevention. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate blood variables related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows. Results: Seventy-six healthy Holstein dairy cows at week 4 before calving were selected to collect blood samples from weeks -4 to 4 weekly relative to calving, respectively. Milk yield and composition were recorded weekly. According to the cut-off of somatic cell counts (SCC) for diagnosis of mastitis, 33 cows with SCC ≥ 500,000 cells ml-1, 20 cows with 200,000 cells ≤ SCC < 500,000 cells ml-1, and 23 cows with SCC < 200,000 cells ml-1 were defined as high, middle, and low SCC, respectively. Serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were higher (P < 0.01) during all weeks, and non-esterified fatty acids were higher in high SCC than in low SCC cows from weeks -3 to 2 relative to calving. Higher serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.01) in low SCC than in high SCC cows indicate that the latter suffered from oxidative stress. The difference analysis of the three groups suggested that none of the above-mentioned variables can be used as potential prognostic candidates. On the other hand, high SCC cows exhibited higher blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, P < 0.01) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR, P < 0.01) than low SCC cows, with a higher NLR (P < 0.01) in middle SCC than in low SCC cows. The high SCC cows had lower levels of anti-inflammatory factors including IL-10 (P = 0.05), but higher levels of proinflammatory factors such as IL-6 (P < 0.01), TNF-α (P < 0.05), and PSGL-1 (P < 0.01) than low SCC cows.Conclusions: The significantly different NLR and PLR pre-partum between the middle and low SCC cows suggest their prognostic potential for postpartum mastitis risk.

Download Full-text