scholarly journals A High Plane of Nutrition Is Associated with a Lower Risk for Neonatal Calf Diarrhea on Bavarian Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3251
Author(s):  
Ingrid Lorenz ◽  
Regina Huber ◽  
Florian M. Trefz
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Neonatal Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

In all bovine production systems, neonatal calf diarrhea remains worldwide an important issue of economic losses and animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for neonatal calf diarrhea as a herd health problem on Bavarian dairy farms. For the purpose of this study, management factors related to calf health were retrospectively compared between 59 dairy farms with calf diarrhea as a herd problem with those of 18 control farms, where no veterinary treatment of calves for neonatal calf diarrhea took place for at least one year prior to the farm visit. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis of management factors indicated that administration of 3 L or more of colostrum at the second feeding after birth (Odds ration [OR] = 0.21, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.05–0.89), ad libitum feeding of milk during the first week of life (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.006–0.60), and administration of an iron containing preparation after birth (OR = 10.9, 95% CI = 1.25–95.6) were independently associated with the presence of a herd problem with neonatal diarrhea. Results of this study therefore suggest that a higher plane of nutrition is a protective factor with regard to the occurrence of neonatal diarrhea on Bavarian dairy farms. These findings support the establishment of ad libitum feeding programs in dairy calf rearing.

scholarly journals A new passive immune strategy based on IgY antibodies as a key element to control neonatal calf diarrhea in dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celina Guadalupe Vega ◽  
Marina Bok ◽  
Maren Ebinger ◽  
Lucía Alejandra Rocha ◽  
Alejandra Antonella Rivolta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

scholarly journals Prevalence of Escherichia coli adhesion-related genes in neonatal calf diarrhea in Uruguay

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Umpiérrez ◽  
Sofía Acquistapace ◽  
Sofía Fernández ◽  
Martín Oliver ◽  
Patricia Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Introduction: Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), one of the most important diseases of neonatal dairy and beef calves in Uruguay, has become relevant in association with intensive systems. This disease generates substantial economic losses every year worldwide as a result of increased morbidity and mortality. Escherichia coli, one of the pathogens associated with NCD, can express several fimbrial and afimbrial adhesins. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of clpG, f5, f17A, f17G(II), and f17G(I) genes that encode three important adhesins expressed in diarrheagenic E. coli: F5, F17 and CS31A, isolated from feces of calves in Uruguay. Methodology: Feces of 86 (70 diarrheic and 16 healthy) calves, from 15 animal facilities in Uruguay, were collected between 2012 and 2013. Biochemical and molecular identification were performed to finally obtain 298 E. coli isolates. Partial amplification of adhesion-related genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: The most prevalent gene was f17A (31.2%), followed by f17G(II), clpG, f17G(I) and f5 (25.8%, 17.5%, 3.7% and 0.7%, respectively). All genes were present in diarrheic and healthy animals except f5 and f17G(I); these genes were present only in affected calves, although in low numbers. Conclusions: This is the first report of the presence of F5, F17, and CS31A genes in E. coli strains from NCD cases in Uruguay. Prevalence values of the genes, except f5, were in accordance with regional findings. It is expected that further characterization of locally transmitted strains will contribute to control a problem of regional and international magnitude.

scholarly journals Detection of Infectious Agents Causing Neonatal Calf Diarrhea on Two Large Dairy Farms in Yangxin County, Shandong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Wei ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Fusheng Cheng ◽  
Xuzheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shandong Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is one of the most serious health challenges facing the livestock industry and has caused substantial economic losses due to increased morbidity and mortality rates. The present study investigated the main infectious pathogens causing NCD among cattle in Yangxin County, China. Sixty-nine fecal samples were collected from diarrheic newborn cattle and tested for infectious agents, including bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Giardia lamblia, that cause NCD, as determined by rapid kit analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The PCR results showed that the percentages of samples that were positive for C. parvum, bovine rotavirus A, bovine coronavirus, and G. lamblia were 44.93, 36.23, 17.39, and 13.04%, respectively. The rapid kit analysis results showed that the prevalence of C. parvum, rotavirus, coronavirus, and G. lamblia was 52.17, 31.88, 28.98, and 18.84%, respectively. No E. coli K99 was detected by either method. The total positivity of the samples, as determined by PCR and rapid kit analysis, was 80.00 and 81.16%, respectively. No significant difference between the two methods was observed. The results of this study may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating the epidemiology of NCD in cattle and may facilitate the implementation of measures to control NCD transmission to cattle in Yangxin County, Shandong Province, China.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Rotavirus and Coronavirus in Neonatal Calves in Dairy Farms of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Motuma Debelo ◽  
Hayat Abdela ◽  
Asaminew Tesfaye ◽  
Abebaw Tiruneh ◽  
Gudina Mekonnen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Background. Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the most common viral agents in neonatal calf diarrhea and result in serious economic consequences. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiology of those viruses in randomly selected dairy farms of Addis Ababa. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 using a probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling technique. A total of 110 calves, less than 30 days of age, from 57 dairy herds were involved in the study. Associated factors of herds and calves were collected using semistructured interviews from farm owners and through physical observation of selected calves. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed using the sandwich ELISA method. Data generated from both semistructured interviews and laboratory investigation were analyzed using STATA_MP version 15. Results. From the total 110 calves, 42 (38.18%) had diarrhea during the survey. The prevalence of bovine rotavirus and coronavirus was 3.64% (4/110) and 0.91% (1/110), respectively. Diarrhea, feeding colostrum timing, and sex of the neonatal calves had statistically significant association with bovine rotavirus infection ( p < 0.05 ). All rotavirus-positive neonatal calves were identified in small scale dairy farms and in dairy farms that reported mortality though they lack statistically significant association. Only one coronavirus case was detected among the neonatal calves. The case was identified among small scale herds and in a herd with diarrheal cases. The sex of the coronavirus calf was female, diarrheic, and among 11-20 days old. Conclusion. The prevalence of rotavirus and coronavirus infections in neonatal calves was seldom in dairy farms of the study area. Rotavirus was more common than coronavirus, and further studies should be initiated on other (infectious and noninfectious) causes of neonatal calf diarrhea in the area.

scholarly journals Serum interleukin-6 as a prognostic marker in neonatal calf diarrhea

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 6563-6571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephani Fischer ◽  
Rolf Bauerfeind ◽  
Claus-Peter Czerny ◽  
Stephan Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea

Pathology of Neonatal Calf Diarrhea Induced by a Reo-Like Virus

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 490-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Mebus ◽  
E. L. Stair ◽  
N. R. Underdahl ◽  
M. J. Twiehaus
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Neonatal Calf Diarrhea ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Gross, immunofluorescent, and light microscopic findings in seven gnotobiotic calves inoculated orally with a Reo-like neonatal calf diarrhea virus were compared to findings in three control gnotobiotic calves. Neonatal calf diarrhea virus infected primarily the villous epithelium of the small intestine. Calves examined within 1.5 h after onset of diarrhea had tall columnar immunofluorescent villous epithelial cells in the middle and lower small intestine. Calves examined 2–4.5 h after onset of diarrhea had cuboidal to squamous villous epithelial cells and an increase in reticulum-like cells in the villous lamina propria of the middle and lower small intestine. Viral tilers were 106 and 108 in colonic contents from two calves inoculated with cell-culture-adapted virus and necropsied, respectively, 2 and 6 h after onset of diarrhea.

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