scholarly journals Variation in Bird Eggs—Does Female Factor, Season, and Laying Order Impact the Egg Size, Pigmentation, and Eggshell Thickness of the Eggs of Capercaillie?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3454
Author(s):  
Joanna Rosenbeger ◽  
Kamil Pytlak ◽  
Ewa Łukaszewicz ◽  
Artur Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Adequate Supply ◽  
Laying Order ◽  
Visual Identification ◽  
Bird Eggs ◽  
Different Parts

Despite numerous studies, intra-species variation in bird eggs is still not well explained. In the presented studies, we investigated the possible sources of this variation: female factor, laying order, and season, using the following traits of Capercaillie eggs as an example: egg size and shape, eggshell lightness, and thickness. Samples were collected for three years from three Capercaillie breeding centres located in different parts of Poland, where birds are kept in conditions close to their natural habitat and have a similar diet. The obtained results showed no significant impact of laying order on egg size, shape, pigmentation, nor eggshell thickness. This indicates that the provided nutrition ensures an adequate supply of minerals for the entire laying period. Most results did not show statistically significant differences between eggs from different breeding centres, but in one breeding centre, eggshells had lighter pigmentation. We assume the observed differences may result from females’ individual features or local environmental conditions. Egg traits were highly consistent for individual females, proving that visual identification can be useful in identifying the eggs of different females.

Shell Resistance and Evaporative Water Loss from Bird Eggs: Effects of Wind Speed and Egg Size

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Spotila ◽  
Christina J. Weinheimer ◽  
Charles V. Paganelli
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Evaporative Water Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Bird Eggs

scholarly journals Carbonic Anhydrases in Photosynthesizing Cells of C3 Higher Plants

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Ignatova ◽  
Natalia Rudenko ◽  
Elena Zhurikova ◽  
Maria Borisova-Mubarakshina ◽  
Boris Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma ◽  
Different Parts

The review presents data on the location, nature, properties, number, and expression of carbonic anhydrase genes in the photosynthesizing cells of C3 plants. The available data about the presence of carbonic anhydrases in plasma membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria, chloroplast stroma and thylakoids are scrutinized. Special attention was paid to the presence of carbonic anhydrase activities in the different parts of thylakoids, and on collation of sources of these activities with enzymes encoded by the established genes of carbonic anhydrases. The data are presented to show that the consistent incorporation of carbonic anhydrases belonging to different families of these enzymes forms a coherent system of CO2 molecules transport from air to chloroplasts in photosynthesizing cells, where they are included in organic molecules in the carboxylation reaction. It is discussed that the manifestation of the activity of a certain carbonic anhydrase depends on environmental conditions and the stage of ontogenesis.

Effects of environmental conditions on the egg mass, yolk antioxidant level, eggshell thickness and eggshell spotting patterns of Great Tits (Parus major)

2016 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Hargitai ◽  
Márton Herényi ◽  
Gergely Nagy ◽  
Zoltán Nyiri ◽  
Zsuzsanna Eke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Eggshell Thickness

Variation in Peregrine Falcon Eggs

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Burnham ◽  
James H. Enderson ◽  
Thomas J. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Shell Thickness ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Peregrine Falcon ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Peregrine Falcons

Abstract Eggs collected from captive and wild Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus) were used to examine variation in eggshell thickness, length, breadth, and initial weight to resolve questions about eggshell data from wild falcons. For captive falcons, shell thickness of first clutches did not change over the years a falcon laid or with embryonic development. Eggshells in third clutches, but not second clutches, were significantly thinner than those from first clutches. Greatest variation in shell thickness existed between eggs within a clutch and did not differ significantly between wild and captive eggs. Entire clutches of wild falcons should be represented in future studies to maximize the chance of obtaining a representative sample in regard to shell thickness. Egg size (L, B, and fresh weight) decreased over the years a captive falcon laid. A significant decrease in size (B and fresh weight) also occurred in second and third clutches laid the same year. Ratcliffe's Index generally appeared to be a reliable indicator of shell thickness in captive-laid eggs.

CHANGES IN NEUROMAST CHEMOSENSITIVITY IN XENOPUS LAEVIS KEPT UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BLANCHI ◽  
A. GUARDABASSI
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Heavy Shower ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

Istituti di Fisiologia generale e di Istologia ed Embriologia della Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, Università di Torino, Italy (Received 18 February 1977) In Xenopus laevis, chemosensitivity declines after subtotal hypophysectomy, but is restored to a normal level by injections of ovine prolactin (Blanchi, Camino & Guardabassi, 1976). Changes in the level of endogenous prolactin should, therefore, also give this effect. This might be shown experimentally in progressively desiccated toads, which would mimic the conditions prevailing in their natural habitat. The possibility was examined with animals housed in a thermostatic cupboard at 24–28 °C in containers lined in the bottom with a layer of drying mud. After 7days, to simulate a heavy shower, some toads were abruptly thrown into tap water. The neuromast chemosensitivity of six animals kept under dry conditions was compared with that of neuromasts from 'dry' animals returned to water for 12(1 animal), 24 (5)

scholarly journals First light for avian embryos: eggshell thickness and pigmentation mediate variation in development and UV exposure in wild bird eggs

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golo Maurer ◽  
Steven J. Portugal ◽  
Mark E. Hauber ◽  
Ivan Mikšík ◽  
Douglas G. D. Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Bird ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Bird Eggs

scholarly journals The Expected and Unexpected Roles of Nitrate Transporters in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance and Their Regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Bin Zhang ◽  
Shuan Meng ◽  
Ji-Ming Gong
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Nitrate Transporters ◽  
Plant Abiotic Stress

Nitrate transporters are primarily responsible for absorption of nitrate from soil and nitrate translocation among different parts of plants. They deliver nitrate to where it is needed. However, recent studies have revealed that nitrate transporters are extensively involved in coping with adverse environmental conditions besides limited nitrate/nitrogen availability. In this review, we describe the functions of the nitrate transporters related to abiotic stresses and their regulation. The expected and unexpected roles of nitrate transporters in plant abiotic stress resistance will also be discussed.

The role of calcium in constraining egg synthesis in the Audouin’s Gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii)

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ramirez ◽  
M. Garcia-Tarrasón ◽  
L. Rami ◽  
M. Genovart ◽  
L. Jover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Eggshell Thickness ◽  
Egg Volume ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding how resources are allocated to form eggs is crucial to our better understanding of avian reproductive strategies. However, little is currently known about how egg synthesis in wild birds might be constrained by the availability of specific micronutrients. Here, we investigated the potential role of calcium (Ca) in constraining egg synthesis in the Audouin’s Gull (Ichthyaetus audouinii (Payraudeau, 1826)). In particular, we evaluated the relationship between plasma Ca levels (mg/dL) in incubating females (as an indicator of the physiological response of females to increased Ca demand associated with clutch production) and several fitness-related egg traits such as egg size (i.e., egg volume), egg shape, and eggshell thickness from three-egg clutches. Egg size was positively related with incubating female plasma Ca levels, with the slope of this relationship being significantly higher for later-laid eggs. The observational nature of this study and reversed timing precludes causal inferences, but observed relationships supported the constraining role of Ca in egg synthesis and suggested that Ca may also have a role in modulating the intraclutch pattern of egg-size variation typical of this gull species.

scholarly journals Telecommunication line infrastructure and the Arctic environment: past, present and future

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Saunavaara ◽  
Ritva Kylli ◽  
Mirva Salminen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Circumpolar North ◽  
Fixed Line ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article concentrates on the interconnected past, present and future of telecommunications and the environment in the Arctic. It brings together discussions on the natural environment, sustainable development and connectivity in and through the Arctic and focuses on fixed-line infrastructure. This study builds on the theoretical literature on infrastructure, infrastructuring and pipeline ecologies and demonstrates how the peculiar features of the Arctic, such as coldness, snow and ice, ground frost and permafrost affect telecommunication lines, and how this infrastructure impacts the environment in which it is built. Similarly, the environmental conditions, paired with long distances, small populations and limited economic opportunities, affect the infrastructuring processes and the selection of technologies, as well as their spatial extent, quality and the speed of their expansion. While the construction of telecommunication lines supports the exploitation of natural resources in and beyond the different parts of the circumpolar North, it also plays a role in the observation and protection of the Arctic.

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