scholarly journals Influence of Microalgae Diets on the Biological and Growth Parameters of Oithona nana (Copepoda: Cyclopoida)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3544
Author(s):  
Jordan I. Huanacuni ◽  
Renzo Pepe-Victoriano ◽  
María C. Lora-Vilchis ◽  
Germán E. Merino ◽  
Fressia G. Torres-Taipe ◽  
...  

Several species of the planktonic free-living genus Oithona have been successfully used in the larviculture of marine fish and shrimp. However, few studies have been published that allow us to estimate the potential of Oithona nana culture under controlled conditions. This work evaluated the effect of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans as single (200,000 cells/mL) and mixed diets (100,000 + 100,000 cells/mL) on population and individual growth, ingestion rate, number of spawnings, fertility, development time by stage, and sex ratio of O. nana. We cultured this copepod at 28 ± 0.5 °C, 35 PSU salinity, 125 lux, and 12:12 photoperiod. Results showed that diet had no effect on the final population level (6273–7966 ind/L) or on individual growth, nor on sex ratio, with less males than females. With C. calcitrans, O. nana had a higher filtration rate (57 ng C/ind/day). On the other hand, a mixed diet induced a higher number of spawns (0.4 events/day) and nauplii per spawn (23 ind). Similarly, a single or mixed diet, containing I. galbana, accelerated the development rate by 6.33–7.00 days. We concluded that O. nana can be cultured with both microalgae, indicating its potential use in an intensive system for production. However, more research is required to improve the productivity of O. nana rearing.

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Loka ◽  
K.K. Philipose ◽  
S.M. Sonali

Effect of marine microalgal diet on filtration and ingestion rates of Brachionus plicatilis was studied. Marine microalgae viz., Nannochloropsis oculata, Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans and a combination of N. oculata and I. galbana (Nanno+Iso) at different cell concentrations were selected for the experiment and triplicates were maintained for each feed. Significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the filtration and ingestion rates of B. plicatilis, between the treatments. Peak filtration rate of 12.2x10-5 cells ml-1 ind-1 min-1 was recorded in B. plicatilis fed with Nanno+Iso, followed by I. galbana. Ingestion rate was found to be significantly high (p<0.05) for those fed with C. calcitrans, followed by Nanno+Iso. Filtration rate was significantly high (p<0.05) in rotifers stocked at an initial density of 50 nos. ml-1 fed with Nanno+Iso. The results indicated that a combination of Nanno and Iso is the best suitable microalgal diet for rotifer with peak filtration (12.2x10-5cells ml-1 ind-1 min-1) and ingestion (5.4x10-3 cells ml-1 ind-1 min-1) rates during the first 60 min.


Author(s):  
Yenia Katerine Carreño Hernández ◽  
Ernesto Acosta Ortiz ◽  
Javier Gómez León

The influence of the diet on larval growth of the scallops Argopecten nucleus was studied, testing six microalgae diets composed by single-algae and mixed diets of the species Isochrysis galbana, Chaetoceros calcitrans y Tetraselmis suecica, handling a concentration per mL equivalent to 40000 cells of I. galbana and the response through the variables surviving, growth, appearance of the eye spot and state of condition (full, half-full and empty larvae) was measured. The diets containing I. galbana showed greater results over all the measured variables, with regard to those where it was not present. In particular, the mixed diet I. galbana + C. calcitrans presented superiority over all variables, although in the most cases was statistically similar to I. galbana + C. calcitrans + T. suecica, I. galbana + T. suecica and I. galbana alone. For the opposite, the diets with the lowest results were C. calcitrans and C. calcitrans + T. suecica. The results obtained are principally attributed to the nutritional composition mainly of high unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) of each microalgae and each mixture supply, which is discussed in detail.


Author(s):  
Sonja Luana Rezende Da Silva ◽  
Rafael De Carvalho Santos ◽  
Rogério Caetano Costa ◽  
Gustavo Luis Hirose

This study evaluated the population structure, growth and longevity of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in the State of Sergipe. The obtained data were compared with other populations on a latitudinal scale in order to evaluate whether the latitudinal paradigm applies to this species. Shrimp sampling took place monthly from September 2013 to August 2014, in nine stations distributed at 5, 15 and 30 m depths, using a shrimp fishery boat equipped with a ‘double rig’ net. Sexual maturity was estimated by the logistic function y = a/(1 + b*exp(-cx)), and the sex ratio was analysed with the Chi-square test. The individual growth rate was estimated using the von Bertalanffy model, and the longevity was estimated by the inverse form of this formula. A total of 6418 (3457 females and 2961 males) was analysed. The size at onset of sexual maturity was 12 mm of carapace length (CL) for males and 12.5 mm CL for females. The total sex ratio did not differ from the expected (1:1). Males exhibited higher growth coefficients (k) and smaller asymptotic growth (CC∞ = 28.74 mm, k = 0.0081 day−1) than females (CC∞ = 30.79 mm, k = 0.0058 day−1). The estimated longevity (years) was 1.55 for males and 2.15 for females. No evident latitudinal pattern was observed regarding the size at onset of sexual maturity or the growth parameters for X. kroyeri. The information found, besides contributing to the knowledge about the biology of this shrimp, can also clarify hypotheses presented in relation to the latitudinal paradigm along the Brazilian coast.


Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Myriam E. Mermoz ◽  
Cecilia Villarruel ◽  
Alicia de la Colina ◽  
Bettina Mahler

Abstract In many cooperatively breeding species, helpers increase the breeding success of their parents. The repayment hypothesis predicts a skewed sex-ratio towards the helping sex at population level; at individual level bias would increase in broods attended by a smaller number of helpers. We studied a brown-and-yellow marshbird (Pseudoleistes virescens) population during 11 breeding seasons. We found that 90% of helpers were males and that they increased nestling survival, although this effect disappeared in presence of parasitic shiny cowbirds. Helpers sometimes helped at nests of adults other than their parents. Population sex-ratio of fledglings was highly skewed towards males (1.4:1). At individual level, male-biased sex-ratio of fledglings was more pronounced early in the season and increased with brood losses but was not affected by number of helpers. Marshbirds feed at communal areas so retaining helpers would not be costly. Therefore, a general skew towards males might be the best adaptive strategy.


2020 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Michael J. Fogarty ◽  
Jeremy S. Collie

The dominant focus on production processes in fisheries science sets it apart from other areas of population ecology in which population numbers are the principal currency for analysis. This chapter extends consideration of individual growth and mortality rates provided in earlier chapters to broaden the context for understanding cohort and population processes. A cohort is a group of organisms born within a given time period (e.g. year). How a fish population will respond to harvesting requires not only accurate accounting of its effective reproductive output but an understanding of the relative importance of compensatory mechanisms operating at different points in the life cycle. Recruitment (the number in a cohort surviving to a specified life stage or age) emerges as a dominant component of production at the population level. A dominant theme in this chapter concerns population regulation as embodied in the recruitment process and the high variability in this process.


The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Westneat ◽  
Ian R. K. Stewart ◽  
Emily Halpin Woeste ◽  
Johnny Gipson ◽  
Latifat Abdulkadir ◽  
...  

Abstract PCR amplification of a sex-linked gene was used to assay the sex ratio of nestling House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) from five consecutive breeding seasons. We tested several predictions from sex ratio theory, including that at the population level, sparrows should produce a 1:1 sex ratio. Of 1162 nestlings, 53% were male, which is not significantly different from 50%. We did find a significant skew toward males in two of the five years, and significant heterogeneity in sex ratio among seasons. There was no evidence that brood sex ratios were skewed from a binomial distribution, despite a modest excess of all male broods. We found that male nestlings weighed significantly more (0.5 g) than their female siblings. We tested the possibility that females produce males when conditions are good. Sex ratio was not associated with nest attempt, despite some evidence that conditions varied seasonally. Clutch size was negatively associated with date of first egg, but neither nestling weight nor sex ratio showed any correlation with date. We also tested an array of female characteristics; sex ratio was not associated with female body size, condition, or age. Females that hatched a larger proportion of eggs produced more males, a consistent pattern in all five seasons. However, the female's mate's characteristics (size, condition, age, or size of throat patch) did not influence sex ratio. These data contribute to a growing number of studies that provide an inconsistent picture of sex ratio variation in birds. Patrones de Variación en la Proporción de Sexos de Passer domesticus Resumen. Un gen ligado al sexo, amplificado por PCR, fue usado para examinar la proporción de sexos de pichones de Passer domesticus provenientes de cinco temporadas de apareamiento consecutivas. Se probaron varias predicciones de la teoría de proporción de sexos, incluyendo que a nivel poblacional, los gorriones deberían producir una proporción de sexos 1:1. De 1162 pichones, 53% fueron machos, lo cual no difiere significativamente de 50%. Se encontró un sesgo significativo hacia machos en dos de los cinco años y una heterogeneidad significativa en la proporción de sexos entre estaciones. No hubo evidencia de que la proporción de sexos de la camada se desviara de una distribución binomial, a pesar de un moderado exceso de crías macho. Se encontró que los pichones machos pesaron significativamente más (0.5 g) que sus hermanas. Se examinó la posibilidad de que las hembras producen machos cuando las condiciones son benignas. La proporción de sexos no estuvo asociado con el momento de anidación dentro de la temporada, a pesar de que algunas evidencias sugieren que las condiciones variaron estacionalmente. El tamaño de la camada estuvo negativamente asociado con la fecha de puesta del primer huevo, pero ni el peso del pichón ni la proporción de sexos mostró correlación con dicha fecha. Se examinaron además un serie de características de la hembra; la proporción de sexos no estuvo asociada con el tamaño del cuerpo, la condición o la edad de la hembra. Las hembras que empollaron una mayor cantidad de huevos produjeron más machos, un patrón consistente en las cinco temporadas. Las características de las parejas de las hembras (tamaño, condición o tamaño de la mancha del cuello) no influyeron la proporción de sexos. Estos datos contribuyen al creciente número de estudios que presentan una descripción contradictoria de la variación de la proporción de sexos en aves.


Author(s):  
Ivelina Yordanova Zlateva ◽  
Nikola Nikolov

Advanced in the present article is a Two-step procedure designed on the methods of the least squares (LS) and instrumental variable (IV) techniques for simultaneous estimation of the three unknown parameters L∞, K and t0, which represent the individual growth of fish in the von Bertalanffy growth equation. For the purposes of the present analysis, specific MATLAB-based software has been developed through simulated data sets to test the operational workability of the proposed procedure and pinpoint areas of improvement. The resulting parameter estimates have been analyzed on the basis of consecutive comparison (the initial conditions being the same) between the results delivered by the two-step procedure for simultaneous estimation of L∞, K and t0 and the results obtained via the most commonly employed methods for estimating growth parameters; first, use has been made of the Gulland-and-Holt method for estimating the asymptotic length L∞and the curvature parameter K, followed by the von Bertalanffy method for estimation of t0.


2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lubetkin ◽  
J. E. Zeh ◽  
C. Rosa ◽  
J. C. George

We compiled age estimates and baleen plate δ13C data from 86 bowhead whales ( Balaena mysticetus L., 1758). We used previous whale age estimates based on aspartic acid racemization (AAR) and corpora counts to extend the use of δ13C data for age determination from cycle counting to a modified exponential model using annual baleen growth increments. Our approach used the growth increment data from individual whales in a nonlinear mixed effects model to assess both population-level and whale-specific growth parameters. Although age estimates from baleen-based models become less precise as the whales age, and baleen growth and length near steady state, the growth increment model shows promise in estimating ages of bowhead whales 10–13.5 m long with baleen lengths <250 cm, where other techniques are less precise or the data are scarce. Ages estimated using the growth increment data from such whales ranged from 6.4 to 19.8 years.


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