scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Zoi Athanasakopoulou ◽  
Martin Reinicke ◽  
Celia Diezel ◽  
Marina Sofia ◽  
Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wild Bird ◽  
One Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistance Genes

The prevalence of multidrug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the multidrug resistance phenotype and genotype of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates of livestock and wild bird origin in Greece. Nineteen phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle (n = 7), pigs (n = 11) and a Eurasian magpie that presented resistance to at least one class of non β-lactam antibiotics, were selected and genotypically characterized. A DNA-microarray based assay was used, which allows the detection of various genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. All isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15, while blaTEM was co-detected in 13 of them. The AmpC gene blaMIR was additionally detected in one strain. Resistance genes were also reported for aminoglycosides in all 19 isolates, for quinolones in 6, for sulfonamides in 17, for trimethoprim in 14, and for macrolides in 8. The intI1 and/or tnpISEcp1 genes, associated with mobile genetic elements, were identified in all but two isolates. This report describes the first detection of multidrug resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli strains retrieved from feces of cattle, pigs, and a wild bird in Greece, underlining their dissemination in diverse ecosystems and emphasizing the need for a One-Health approach when addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Multiple and High-Risk Clones of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant and blaNDM-5-Harbouring Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Cats and Dogs in Thailand

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Naiyaphat Nittayasut ◽  
Jitrapa Yindee ◽  
Pongthai Boonkham ◽  
Teerapong Yata ◽  
Nipattra Suanpairintr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Integrase Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Tract Infections

Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) and carbapenems in Escherichia coli (E. coli), increasingly identified in small animals, indicates a crisis of an antimicrobial resistance situation in veterinary medicine and public health. This study aimed to characterise the genetic features of ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections in Thailand. Of 72 ESC-resistant E. coli isolated from diagnostic samples (2016–2018), blaCTX-M including group 1 (CTX-M-55, -15 and -173) and group 9 (CTX-M-14, -27, -65 and -90) variants were detected in 47 isolates (65.28%) using PCR and DNA sequencing. Additional antimicrobial resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated AmpC (CIT and DHA), blaNDM-5, mcr-3, mph(A) and aac(6′)-Ib-cr, were detected in these isolates. Using a broth microdilution assay, all the strains exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogroups were F (36.11%), A (20.83%), B1 (19.44%), B2 (19.44%) and D (4.17%), with several virulence genes, plasmid replicons and an integrase gene. The DNA fingerprinting using a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR presented clonal relationships within phylogroups. Multiple human-associated, high-risk ExPEC clones associated with multidrug resistance, including sequence type (ST) 38, ST131, ST224, ST167, ST354, ST410, ST617 and ST648, were identified, suggesting clonal dissemination. Dogs and cats are a potential reservoir of ESC-resistant E. coli and significant antimicrobial resistance genes.

scholarly journals Diverse Commensal Escherichia coli Clones and Plasmids Disseminate Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Domestic Animals and Children in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liseth Salinas ◽  
Paúl Cárdenas ◽  
Timothy J. Johnson ◽  
Karla Vasco ◽  
Jay Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

ABSTRACT The increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Enterobacteriaceae has had major clinical and economic impacts on human medicine. Many of the multidrug-resistant (multiresistant) Enterobacteriaceae found in humans are community acquired, and some of them are possibly linked to food animals (i.e., livestock raised for meat and dairy products). In this study, we examined whether numerically dominant commensal Escherichia coli strains from humans (n = 63 isolates) and domestic animals (n = 174 isolates) in the same community and with matching phenotypic AMR patterns were clonally related or shared the same plasmids. We identified 25 multiresistant isolates (i.e., isolates resistant to more than one antimicrobial) that shared identical phenotypic resistance patterns. We then investigated the diversity of E. coli clones, AMR genes, and plasmids carrying the AMR genes using conjugation, replicon typing, and whole-genome sequencing. All of the multiresistant E. coli isolates (from children and domestic animals) analyzed had at least 90 or more whole-genome SNP differences between one another, suggesting that none of the strains was recently transferred. While the majority of isolates shared the same antimicrobial resistance genes and replicons, DNA sequencing indicated that these genes and replicons were found on different plasmid structures. We did not find evidence of the clonal spread of AMR in this community: instead, AMR genes were carried on diverse clones and plasmids. This presents a significant challenge for understanding the movement of AMR in a community. IMPORTANCE Even though Escherichia coli strains may share nearly identical phenotypic AMR profiles and AMR genes and overlap in space and time, the diversity of clones and plasmids challenges research that aims to identify sources of AMR. Horizontal gene transfer appears to play a more significant role than clonal expansion in the spread of AMR in this community.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST93, ST117, ST156, ST10, and ST744 isolated from poultry in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ćwiek ◽  
Anna Woźniak-Biel ◽  
Magdalena Karwańska ◽  
Magdalena Siedlecka ◽  
Christine Lammens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background A plasmid-mediated mechanism of bacterial resistance to polymyxin is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes and to conduct the molecular characterization of mcr-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish poultry. Methods In this study, 318 E. coli strains were characterized by the prevalence of mcr1–mcr5 genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentration method, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was screened by PCR, and the biofilm formation ability was tested using the crystal violet staining method. Genetic relatedness of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing method. Results Among the 318 E. coli isolates, 17 (5.35%) harbored the mcr-1 gene. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.24%), and chloramphenicol (82.35%). All mcr-1-positive E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant, and as many as 88.24% of the isolates contained the blaTEM gene, tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. Additionally, 41.18% of multidrug-resistant, mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were moderate biofilm producers, while the rest of the strains showed weak biofilm production. Nine different sequence types were identified, and the dominant ST was ST93 (29.41%), followed by ST117 (17.65%), ST156 (11.76%), ST 8979 (11.76%), ST744 (5.88%), and ST10 (5.88%). Moreover, the new ST was identified in this study. Conclusions Our results showed a low occurrence of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from Polish poultry; however, all the isolated strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and were able to form biofilms at low or medium level.

scholarly journals Virulence potential of a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain belonging to the emerging clonal group ST101-B1 isolated from bloodstream infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina de Mello Santos ◽  
Rosa Maria Silva ◽  
Tiago Barcelos Valiatti ◽  
Fernanda Fernandes dos Santos ◽  
José Francisco Santos-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extraintestinal Infection ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

AbstractEscherichia coli EC121 is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) strain isolated from bloodstream infection of an inpatient with persistent gastroenteritis and Zone T lymphoma, that died due to septic shock. Despite causing an extraintestinal infection, it harbors few known virulence factors and was assigned into phylogenetic group B1. To evaluate if the EC121 was pathogenic or opportunistic, its genome was sequenced, and an in vitro characterization of some pathogenicity-associated properties was performed. The data retrieved from genome analysis showed that E. coli strain EC121 belongs to the O154:H25 serotype, and to ST101-B1, which was epidemiologically linked to extraintestinal infections and antimicrobial resistance spread as well. Moreover, it was closely related to Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). Besides, strain EC121 is an MDR strain harboring 14 antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-2, and more than 50 complete virulence genetic clusters, which are reported to be associated either with DEC or ExPEC. The strain also displays the capacity to adhere to a variety of cell lineages, and invade T24 bladder cells, as well as the ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, and survive the bactericidal serum complement activity. Additionally, it is virulent in the Galleria mellonella model. Altogether, E. coli EC121 unveiled to be a pathogen powered by its multi-drug resistance characteristic. Carry out studies providing accurate information about the virulence potential of all kinds of MDR strains are essential because these studies will help in the development of alternative therapies of infection management and spread control of MDR strains.Authors summaryThe phylogenetic origin of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli is mostly associated with phylogroup B2, and the majority of the studies regarding extraintestinal infection focus on the most virulent strains, which might also present multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. Strains belonging to phylogroup B1 and isolated from extraintestinal infections are considered as opportunist pathogens and have their virulence neglected. We focus our study in one MDR strain isolated from bloodstream infection that belongs to phylogenetic group B1 to enlarge the knowledge about the virulence of this kind of strain. We demonstrated that the EC121 is capable of adheres to intestinal and bladder human cells, and invades the latter one; it survives to human serum bactericidal effects and produces biofilm. Additionally, the in vivo assay confirmed the EC121 virulence, showing that it should be considered a pathogenic strain. The genetic analyzes highlighted important aspects of EC121 which are typical from strains of sequence type 101, like its involvement in the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and its relationship with extraintestinal infection from diverse sources. Information concerning the virulence of MDR strains is important for the development of global actions treating the spread of antimicrobial resistance, as well as to elucidate the pathogenesis of strains that were considered as an opportunist.

scholarly journals Plasmid Sequences of Four Large Plasmids Carrying Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beef Cattle in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori Yamamoto ◽  
Wataru Kitagawa ◽  
Motoki Nakano ◽  
Hiroshi Asakura ◽  
Eriko Iwabuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Large Plasmids

Escherichia coli is a common reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes that can be easily transformed to possess multidrug resistance through plasmid transfer. To understand multidrug resistance plasmids, we report the plasmid sequences of four large plasmids carrying a number of genes related to antimicrobial resistance that were found in E. coli strains isolated from beef cattle.

Antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic characteristics of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in a veterinary hospital in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lii-Tzu Wu ◽  
Xin-Xia Wu ◽  
Se-Chin Ke ◽  
Yi-Pei Lin ◽  
Ying-Chen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance associated with animal hosts is easily transmitted to humans either by direct contact with resistant organisms or by transferring resistance genes into human pathogens. Gap statement. There are limited studies on antimicrobial resistance genes and genetic elements of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in veterinary hospitals in Taiwan. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from animals. Methodology. Between January 2014 and August 2015, 95 multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from pigs (n=66), avians (n=18), and other animals (n=11) in a veterinary hospital in Taiwan. Susceptibility testing to 24 antimicrobial agents of 14 antimicrobial classes was performed. Antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, and insertion sequences were analysed by polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequence typing were used to explore the clonal relatedness of the study isolates. Results. Different antimicrobial resistance genes found in these isolates were associated with resistance to β-lactams, tetracycline, phenicols, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides. Fifty-five of 95 E. coli isolates (55/95, 57.9 %) were not susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and bla CTX-M-55 (11/55, 20.0 %) and bla CMY-2 (40/55, 72.7 %) were the most common extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC genes, respectively. Both bla CTX-M and bla CMY-2 were present on conjugative plasmids that contained the insertion sequence ISEcp1 upstream of the bla genes. Plasmid-mediated FOX-3 β-lactamase-producing E. coli was first identified in Taiwan. Forty isolates (40/95, 42 %) with class 1 integrons showed seven resistance phenotypes. Genotyping of 95 E. coli isolates revealed 91 different XbaI pulsotypes and 52 different sequence types. PFGE analysis revealed no clonal outbreaks in our study isolates. Conclusion. This study showed a high diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypes among MDR E. coli isolated from diseased livestock in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plasmid-mediated ESBL in FOX-3 β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates in Taiwan. MDR E. coli isolates from animal origins may contaminate the environment, resulting in public health concerns, indicating that MDR isolates from animals need to be continuously investigated.

scholarly journals Multi-omic surveillance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in hospital sink drains and patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Constantinides ◽  
KK Chau ◽  
TP Quan ◽  
G Rodger ◽  
M Andersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. are important human pathogens that cause a wide spectrum of clinical disease. In healthcare settings, sinks and other wastewater sites have been shown to be reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., particularly in the context of outbreaks of resistant strains amongst patients. Without focusing exclusively on resistance markers or a clinical outbreak, we demonstrate that many hospital sink drains are abundantly and persistently colonised with diverse populations of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca, including both antimicrobial-resistant and susceptible strains. Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 439 isolates, we show that environmental bacterial populations are largely structured by ward and sink, with only a handful of lineages, such as E. coli ST635, being widely distributed, suggesting different prevailing ecologies which may vary as a result of different inputs and selection pressures. WGS of 46 contemporaneous patient isolates identified one (2%; 95% CI 0.05-11%) E. coli urine infection-associated isolate with high similarity to a prior sink isolate, suggesting that sinks may contribute to up to 10% of infections caused by these organisms in patients on the ward over the same timeframe. Using metagenomics from 20 sink-timepoints, we show that sinks also harbour many clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M, blaSHV and mcr, and may act as niches for the exchange and amplification of these genes. Our study reinforces the potential role of sinks in contributing to Enterobacterales infection and antimicrobial resistance in hospital patients, something that could be amenable to intervention.IMPORTANCEEscherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. cause a wide range of bacterial infections, including bloodstream, urine and lung infections. Previous studies have shown that sink drains in hospitals may be part of transmission chains in outbreaks of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella spp., leading to colonisation and clinical disease in patients. We show that even in non-outbreak settings, contamination of sink drains by these bacteria is common across hospital wards, and that many antimicrobial resistance genes can be found and potentially exchanged in these sink drain sites. Our findings demonstrate that the colonisation of handwashing sink drains by these bacteria in hospitals is likely contributing to some infections in patients, and that additional work is needed to further quantify this risk, and to consider appropriate mitigating interventions.

scholarly journals Impact of UV and Peracetic Acid Disinfection on the Prevalence of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Wastewater Effluents

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 3656-3666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basanta Kumar Biswal ◽  
Ramzi Khairallah ◽  
Kareem Bibi ◽  
Alberto Mazza ◽  
Ronald Gehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Gene ◽  
Municipal Wastewaters ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWastewater discharges may increase the populations of pathogens, includingEscherichia coli, and of antimicrobial-resistant strains in receiving waters. This study investigated the impact of UV and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection on the prevalence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC), the most abundantE. colipathotype in municipal wastewaters. Laboratory disinfection experiments were conducted on wastewater treated by physicochemical, activated sludge, or biofiltration processes; 1,766E. coliisolates were obtained for the evaluation. The target disinfection level was 200 CFU/100 ml, resulting in UV and PAA doses of 7 to 30 mJ/cm2and 0.9 to 2.0 mg/liter, respectively. The proportions of UPECs were reduced in all samples after disinfection, with an average reduction by UV of 55% (range, 22% to 80%) and by PAA of 52% (range, 11% to 100%). Analysis of urovirulence genes revealed that the decline in the UPEC populations was not associated with any particular virulence factor. A positive association was found between the occurrence of urovirulence and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the changes in the prevalence of ARGs in potential UPECs were different following disinfection, i.e., UV appears to have had no effect, while PAA significantly reduced the ARG levels. Thus, this study showed that both UV and PAA disinfections reduced the proportion of UPECs and that PAA disinfection also reduced the proportion of antimicrobial resistance gene-carrying UPEC pathotypes in municipal wastewaters.

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