scholarly journals Assessment of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Halicin against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Rayan Y. Booq ◽  
Essam A. Tawfik ◽  
Haya A. Alfassam ◽  
Ahmed J. Alfahad ◽  
Essam J. Alyamani
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technology that has been employed to screen and discover new drugs. Using AI, an anti-diabetic treatment (Halicin) was nominated and proven to have a unique antibacterial activity against several harmful bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to explore the antibacterial effect of halicin and microbial susceptibility using the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values while assessing the stability of stored halicin over a period of time with cost-effective and straightforward methods. Linear regression graphs were constructed, and the correlation coefficient was calculated. The new antibacterial agent was able to inhibit all tested gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains, but in different concentrations—including the A. baumannii multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate. The MIC of halicin was found to be 16 μg/mL for S. aureus (ATCC BAA-977), 32 μg/mL for E. coli (ATCC 25922), 128 μg/mL for A. baumannii (ATCC BAA-747), and 256 μg/mL for MDR A. baumannii. Upon storage, the MICs were increased, suggesting instability of the drug after approximately a week of storage at 4 °C. MICs and zones of inhibition were found to be high (R = 0.90 to 0.98), suggesting that halicin has a promising antimicrobial activity and may be used as a wide-spectrum antibacterial drug. However, the drug’s pharmacokinetics have not been investigated, and further elucidation is needed.

scholarly journals Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
William Hope ◽  
Alasdair MacGowan ◽  
Arnold Louie
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities

We are in a crisis of bacterial resistance. For economic reasons, most pharmaceutical companies are abandoning antimicrobial discovery efforts, while, in health care itself, infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs have generally failed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. At this point, what can be done? The first step has been taken. Governments and international bodies have declared there is a worldwide crisis in antibiotic drug resistance. As discovery efforts begin anew, what more can be done to protect newly developing agents and improve the use of new drugs to suppress resistance emergence? A neglected path has been the use of recent knowledge regarding antibiotic dosing as single agents and in combination to minimize resistance emergence, while also providing sufficient early bacterial kill. In this review, we look at the data for resistance suppression. Approaches include increasing the intensity of therapy to suppress resistant subpopulations; developing concepts of clinical breakpoints to include issues surrounding suppression of resistance; and paying attention to the duration of therapy, which is another important issue for resistance suppression. New understanding of optimizing combination therapy is of interest for difficult-to-treat pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterspp., and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Enterobacteriaceae. These lessons need to be applied to our old drugs as well to preserve them and to be put into national and international antibiotic resistance strategies. As importantly, from a regulatory perspective, new chemical entities should have a resistance suppression plan at the time of regulatory review. In this way, we can make the best of our current situation and improve future prospects.

scholarly journals Hibiscus Acid and Chromatographic Fractions from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces: Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Anahí Portillo-Torres ◽  
Aurea Bernardino-Nicanor ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa ◽  
Simplicio González-Montiel ◽  
Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Acetone Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay

The anti-microbial properties of acetone extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces, fractions isolated by silica gel chromatography and hibiscus acid purified from some of these fractions and additionally identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mid-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, were studied against both multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains and pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria. Gel diffusion was used to determine the anti-microbial effects. The mode of action of hibiscus acid was determined by crystal violet assay. Hibiscus acid and 17 of the 25 chromatographic fractions obtained, displayed an anti-microbial effect against all bacterial strains tested. Hibiscus acid showed a greater anti-microbial effect than the acetone extract against most of the bacteria strains, while chromatographic fractions IX–XIV exerted the greatest anti-microbial effect against all bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the acetone extract was 7 mg/mL, and the minimum bactericidal concentration was 10 mg/mL, while the corresponding values for hibiscus acid were 4–7 and 7 mg/mL, respectively. The results of the crystal violet assay indicate that hibiscus acid alters membrane permeability. Hibiscus acid is a potential alternative to control multidrug-resistant bacteria. Due to its ready availability and easy extraction from H. sabdariffa, hibiscus acid is potentially useful in the food industries.

scholarly journals The Delivery of the Novel Drug ‘Halicin’ Using Electrospun Fibers for the Treatment of Pressure Ulcer against Pathogenic Bacteria

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189
Author(s):  
Walaa S. Aburayan ◽  
Rayan Y. Booq ◽  
Nouf S. BinSaleh ◽  
Haya A. Alfassam ◽  
Abrar A. Bakr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Ulcer ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Pressure ulcer or bedsore is a form of skin infection that commonly occurs with patients admitted to the hospital for an extended period of time, which might lead to severe complications in the absence of medical attention, resulting in infection either by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant bacteria. Halicin, a newly discovered drug effective against several bacterial strains, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, was investigated to reduce bacterial infection burden. This study aims to formulate halicin into electrospun fibers to be applied in bedsores as antibacterial dressing to assess its efficacy against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii) by studying the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bacterial zone of inhibition assays. The diameters of inhibition growth zones were measured, and the results have shown that the drug-loaded fibers were able to inhibit the growth of bacteria compared to the halicin discs. The release profile of the drug-loaded fibers exhibited a complete release of the drug after 2 h. The results demonstrated that the drug-loaded fibers could successfully release the drug while retaining their biological activity and they may be used as a potential antimicrobial dressing for patients with pressure ulcers caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Suppression of Emergence of Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria: Keeping Our Powder Dry, Part 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Drusano ◽  
Arnold Louie ◽  
Alasdair MacGowan ◽  
William Hope
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities

We are in a crisis of bacterial resistance. For economic reasons, most pharmaceutical companies are abandoning antimicrobial discovery efforts, while, in health care itself, infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs have generally failed to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bacteria. At this point, what can be done? The first step has been taken. Governments and international bodies have declared there is a worldwide crisis in antibiotic drug resistance. As discovery efforts begin anew, what more can be done to protect newly developing agents and improve the use of new drugs to suppress resistance emergence? A neglected path has been the use of recent knowledge regarding antibiotic dosing as single agents and in combination to minimize resistance emergence, while also providing sufficient early bacterial kill. In this review, we look at the data for resistance suppression. Approaches include increasing the intensity of therapy to suppress resistant subpopulations; developing concepts of clinical breakpoints to include issues surrounding suppression of resistance; and paying attention to the duration of therapy, which is another important issue for resistance suppression. New understanding of optimizing combination therapy is of interest for difficult-to-treat pathogens likePseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacterspp., and multidrug-resistant (MDR)Enterobacteriaceae. These lessons need to be applied to our old drugs to preserve them as well and need to be put into national and international antibiotic resistance strategies. As importantly, from a regulatory perspective, new chemical entities should have a corresponding resistance suppression plan at the time of regulatory review. In this way, we can make the best of our current situation and improve future prospects.

The Importance of Nanomedicine in Prophylactic and Theranostic Intervention of Bacterial Zoonoses and Reverse Zoonoses in the Era of Microbial Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 3404-3452
Author(s):  
Minakshi Prasad ◽  
Mayukh Ghosh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Basanti Brar ◽  
K. P. Surjith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Health Concept

Emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug resistance (XDR) and pandrug resistance (PDR) strains of bacteria in communicable diseases of zoonotic and reverse zoonotic importance is the major hurdle of one health concept. Increasing level of resistance against antibiotics among bacterial population throughout the world, slow pace of new antibacterial drug discovery and enhanced pace of resistance development by pathogenic bacteria possess major challenges for human and animal health as well as life in future. Alternative management strategy in terms of improved prophylactic vaccine; early, easy and effective diagnostics and therapeutic drugs against those resistant bacteria is the need of the hour. In this context nanomedicine can fit into the multifaceted demands as an effective prophylactic and theranostic alternative to control the communicable diseases in a cost effective manner in the era of microbial resistance. The current review is focused towards delineating the application of nanomaterials as vaccine or drug delivery system, diagnostics and directly acting antimicrobial therapeutic agents in combating the important zoonotic and reverse zoonotic bacterial diseases in recent scenario along with their potential benefits, limitations and future prospects to formulate successful eradication strategies.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Impact of Antibacterial Drug Resistance through Host-Directed Therapies: Current Progress, Outlook, and Challenges

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yuan Chiang ◽  
Ijeoma Uzoma ◽  
Richard T. Moore ◽  
Merle Gilbert ◽  
Allen J. Duplantier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Antibacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Increasing incidences of multidrug resistance in pathogenic bacteria threaten our ability to treat and manage bacterial infection. The development and FDA approval of novel antibiotics have slowed over the past decade; therefore, the adoption and improvement of alternative therapeutic strategies are critical for addressing the threat posed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Host-directed therapies utilize small-molecule drugs and proteins to alter the host response to pathogen infection. Here, we highlight strategies for modulating the host inflammatory response to enhance bacterial clearance, small-molecule potentiation of innate immunity, and targeting of host factors that are exploited by pathogen virulence factors. Application of state-of-the-art “omic” technologies, including proteomics, transcriptomics, and image-omics (image-based high-throughput phenotypic screening), combined with powerful bioinformatics tools will enable the modeling of key signaling pathways in the host-pathogen interplay and aid in the identification of host proteins for therapeutic targeting and the discovery of host-directed small molecules that will regulate bacterial infection. We conclude with an outlook on research needed to overcome the challenges associated with transitioning host-directed therapies into a clinical setting.

A Review on Meropenem

2021 ◽  
pp. 5034-5038
Author(s):  
Mohsina Abed ◽  
Sara Yousuf
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Bacterial Cell Death ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Derivative

Meropenem is a new Carbapenem antibacterial agent with wide spectrum of activity for intravenous administration. It is synthetic derivative of Thienamycin. Three analogues of Meropenem are evaluated and active against 18 bacterial strains. Meropenem causes rapid bacterial cell death by covalently binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBS). Structural modification at C-2 position, produced double promoiety prodrug of Meropenem and increases bioavailability of oral administration. Other forms of drug such as liposome and nanoparticles are also available with enhanced absorption. 14C labelled Meropenem prepared from 14C Dimethylamine hydrochloride is used for the analysis of M. tuberculosis transpeptidase. ICI213,689 is the only metabolite of Meropenem and it is inactive. Meropenem penetrates well into the body fluids and tissues including cerebrospinal fluid. Its bioavailability is 100% on intravenous administration. Hence it is used in the treatment of meningitis, febrile neutropenia, anthrax and various other skin and skin structure infections. Dosage reduction is required in patient with reduced renal function but not in hepatic impairment. Seizures, gastrointestinal haemorrhage are observed in patients. Vabmoere is the combination of Meropenem and Vaborbactam which is active against the Carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriacea. Meropenem is an effective broad-spectrum antibacterial drug for the treatment of wide range of infection including polymicrobial infection in both children and adult.

scholarly journals Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El-Shibiny ◽  
Salma El-Sahhar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phage Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Western World ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans because of their unique ability to infect their specific bacterial hosts without affecting other bacterial populations. The research carried out in this field throughout the 20th century, largely in Georgia, part of USSR and Poland, led to the establishment of phage therapy protocols. However, the discovery of penicillin and sulfonamide antibiotics in the Western World during the 1930s was a setback in the advancement of phage therapy. The misuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficacy in controlling pathogens and has led to an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages have become a topic of interest with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are a threat to public health. Recent studies have indicated that bacteriophages can be used indirectly to detect pathogenic bacteria or directly as biocontrol agents. Moreover, they can be used to develop new molecules for clinical applications, vaccine production, drug design, and in the nanomedicine field via phage display.

scholarly journals Isolation and selection of bacteria against shrimp pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp pond water on Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Tran Vu Phuong ◽  
Dang Thi Ngoc Thanh ◽  
Cao Ngoc Diep
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
The Status

Antibiotic has frequently been used in the shrimp-farming process in Vietnam. This leads to the status that antibiotic-resistant bacteria and products do not receive in the market. Bacteria had the resistant ability to pathogenic bacteria in water, and they have an important role in sustainable aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and select good bacterial strains against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, pathogenic bacteria, on shrimp from 8 samples of shrimp pond water at 3 villages Ngu Lac, Phuoc An and Long Toan of Duyen Hai district, Tra Vinh province on NB agar medium. As a result, fifty-nine bacterial isolates were isolated and 10/59 isolates (16.95%) were identified as resistant to Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the well diffusion method. In 10 isolates, there were 7 isolates had good resistance to select for PCR technique and sequencing. The result indicated that these seven strains, including DH1m, DH2f, DH4d, DH8i, DH8m, DH8n, belonged to Bacilli and DH1n strain belonged to Streptomyces sp.

scholarly journals Reversion of antibiotic resistance in drug-resistant bacteria using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benzydamine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ziwen Tong ◽  
Jingru Shi ◽  
Tian Deng ◽  
Ruichao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Metabolic States ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Approved Drugs

Antimicrobial resistance has been a growing concern that gradually undermines our tradition treatment regimen. The fact that few antibacterial drugs with new scaffolds or targets have been approved in the past two decades aggravates this crisis. Repurposing previously approved drugs as potent antibiotic adjuvants offers a cost effective strategy to mitigate the development of resistance and tackle the increasing infections by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we found that benzydamine, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in clinic, remarkably potentiated broad spectrum antibiotic tetracyclines activity against a panel of clinical important resistant pathogens, including MRSA, VRE, MCRPEC and tet (X)-positive Gram negative bacteria. Further mechanistically experiments showed that benzydamine dissipated membrane potential (ΔΨ) in both Gram positive and negative bacteria, which in turn upregulated the transmembrane proton gradient (ΔpH) and promoted the uptake of tetracyclines. Additionally, benzydamine exacerbated the oxidative stress by triggering the production of ROS and suppressing GAD system mediated oxidative defensive. This mode of action explains the great bactericidal activity of the doxycycline benzydamine combination against different metabolic states of bacteria including persister cells. As a proof of concept, the in vivo efficacy of this combination therapy was evidenced in multiple animal infection models. These findings revealed that benzydamine is a promising tetracycline antibiotics adjuvant and has the potential to address life threatening infections by MDR bacteria.

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