scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Rifampicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Retail Foods in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487
Author(s):  
Jiahui Huang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Jumei Zhang ◽  
Jingsha Dai ◽  
Dongli Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Mutational Change ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Retail Food

This study investigated the molecular characteristics of rifampin-resistant (RIF-R) Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from 4300 retail food samples covering most provincial capitals in China, from 2011 to 2016. Of the 1463 S. aureus enrolled, 149 isolates (142 MSSA and 7 MRSA) were identified as rifampicin-resistant, including 20 high-level (MICs ≥ 8 μg/mL) and 129 low-level (MICs between 2 and 4 μg/mL) rifampicin-resistant strains. Most of the RIF-R S. aureus isolates were resistant to more than three antibiotics. The mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region of the rpoB gene were studied in all RIF-R strains. All of the strains presented the mutational change 481 His/Asn and five isolates presented an additional mutation, including 477 Asp/Tyr, 527 Ile/Met, and 466 Leu/Ser, respectively. Thirteen STs and twenty-one spa types were represented, in which five MRSA showed non-type SCCmec and the remaining MRSA belonged to SCCmec type IV—where, ST1-t127 was the predominant type from all of the isolates, while ST398-t034 was the predominant type for the MRSA isolates. In this study, we found that the food-related RIF-R S. aureus may have a unique genetic background selection. However, the scenario regarding the presence of RIF-R S. aureus, especially MRSA, in retail food in China is not favorable and warrants public attention.

scholarly journals Increased Incidence and Plasma-Biofilm Formation Ability of SCCmec Type IV Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated From Patients With Bacteremia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakaze Hamada ◽  
Tetsuo Yamaguchi ◽  
Ayami Sato ◽  
Daisuke Ono ◽  
Kotaro Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Mrsa Strains

In Japan, Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasingly prominent cause of bacteremia, but the virulence of most of these strains is unclear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the molecular characteristics and the ability to form biofilms in the presence of blood plasma (plasma-biofilms) of MRSA strains isolated from bloodstream infections. In this study, the molecular characteristics and biofilms of MRSA strains isolated from blood cultures between 2015 and 2017 were analyzed by PCR-based assays, crystal violet staining, and confocal reflection microscopy methods. Among the 90 MRSA isolates, the detection rate of SCCmec type II clones decreased from 60.7 to 20.6%. The SCCmec type IV clone replaced the SCCmec type II clone as the dominant clone, with a detection rate increasing from 32.1 to 73.5%. The plasma-biofilm formation ability of the SCCmec type IV clone was higher than the SCCmec type II clone and even higher in strains harboring the cna or arcA genes. Plasma-biofilms, mainly composed of proteins, were formed quickly and strongly. Our study demonstrated the increased plasma-biofilm formation ability of SCCmec type IV strains.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Thamiris Santana Machado ◽  
Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽  
Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre ◽  
Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽  
Reginaldo Fernandes Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Spa Gene ◽  
The City

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.

scholarly journals The First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Harboring Type IV SCCmec in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Wichai Santimaleeworagun ◽  
Praewdow Preechachuawong ◽  
Wandee Samret ◽  
Tossawan Jitwasinkul
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly found in Thailand in the hospital as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to report the genetic characterization of a clinical community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from hospitalized patients in Thailand. Among 26 MRSA isolates, S. aureus no. S17 preliminarily displayed the presence of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV pattern. The bacterial genomic DNA was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production, virulence toxins, and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing were performed. The strain was matched by sequence to MLST type 2885 and spa type t13880. This strain carried type IV SCCmec with no PVL production. Five acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, namely blaZ, mecA, Inu(A), tet(K), and dfrG conferring resistance to β-lactams, lincosamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, were identified. The detected toxins were exfoliative toxin A, gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and leukocidin E. Moreover, there were differences in seven regions in CR-MRSA no. S17 compared to CA-MRSA type 300. In summary, we have reported the ST2885-SCCmec IV CA-MRSA clinical strain in Thailand for the first time, highlighting the problem of methicillin resistance in community settings and the consideration in choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Malaysia: A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of the Clinical Isolates, 1990–2017

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah ◽  
Chew Chieng Yeo ◽  
Suat Moi Puah ◽  
Kek Heng Chua ◽  
Ching Hoong Chew
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Comprehensive Surveillance

Staphylococcus aureus is an important nosocomial pathogen and its multidrug resistant strains, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), poses a serious threat to public health due to its limited therapeutic options. The increasing MRSA resistance towards vancomycin, which is the current drug of last resort, gives a great challenge to the treatment and management of MRSA infections. While vancomycin resistance among Malaysian MRSA isolates has yet to be documented, a case of vancomycin resistant S. aureus has been reported in our neighboring country, Indonesia. In this review, we present the antimicrobial resistance profiles of S. aureus clinical isolates in Malaysia with data obtained from the Malaysian National Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance (NSAR) reports as well as various peer-reviewed published records spanning a period of nearly three decades (1990–2017). We also review the clonal types and characteristics of Malaysian S. aureus isolates, where hospital-associated (HA) MRSA isolates tend to carry staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type III and were of sequence type (ST)239, whereas community-associated (CA) isolates are mostly SCCmec type IV/V and ST30. More comprehensive surveillance data that include molecular epidemiological data would enable further in-depth understanding of Malaysian S. aureus isolates.

scholarly journals 554. The Changing Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Bacteremia in Hiroshima, Japan During 2008–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S263-S263
Author(s):  
Hiroki Kitagawa ◽  
Junzo Hisatsune ◽  
Hiroki Ohge ◽  
Motoyuki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Abstract Background Recently, the Japanese intrinsic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) clone (CA-MRSA/J), classified as sequence type (ST) 8 carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IVl (ST8-IVl), has been identified that causes invasive infections similar to those of USA300 clone. However, epidemiological information regarding epidemic CA-MRSA clones is limited in Japan. This study was performed to investigate the changing epidemiology of MRSA causing bacteremia in Japan. Methods We performed whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolates causing bacteremia at Hiroshima University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2017. MRSA isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing, SCCmec typing and were analyzed for virulence factors. Clinical data of patients with MRSA bacteremia were analyzed. Results A total of 193 MRSA strains causing bacteremia were identified during the study period. Among these, most belonged to ST764-IIa (30%; 59 of 193) and ST5-IIa (26.9%; 52 of 193). The proportion of ST5-IIa MRSA decreased from 39.6% (42 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 11.5% (10 of 87) in 2013–2017, and that of ST764-IIa MRSA increased from 23.6% (25 of 106) to 39.1% (34 of 87) in the same time period. The proportion of CA-MRSA (MRSA carrying SCCmec type IV or V) increased from 28.3% (30 of 106) in 2008–2012 to 42.5% (37 of 87) in 2013–2017. In CA-MRSA strains, clonal complex (CC) 8-IV MRSA was predominant (76.1%; 51 of 67). Those belonging to CC8-IV MRSA isolates were ST380-IVc (18 of 51), ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J; 15 of 51), ST8-IVj (15 of 51), ST8-IVa (2 of 51), and ST4803-IVl (1 of 51). The rate of hospital-onset infections of ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl, and ST8-IVj were 83.3%, 46.7%, and 60%, respectively. In CA-MRSA/J strains, including their variants (e.g., ST4803-IVl), 14 of 16 strains (87.5%) carried genes for toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst-1), enterotoxin C (sec), and enterotoxin L (sel), while none of the ST380-IVc and ST8-IVj MRSA strains carried these genes. Conclusion During the study period of 10 years, predominant ST5-IIa MRSA causing hospital-onset infections was replaced by ST764-IIa MRSA. In CA-MRSA clone, ST380-IVc, ST8-IVl (CA-MRSA/J), and ST8-IVj were dominant and have already spread to the healthcare environment. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Central nervous system infection caused by vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (SCCmec type IV, ST8)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Kino ◽  
Hiromichi Suzuki ◽  
Tetsuo Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigeyuki Notake ◽  
Tsuyoshi Oishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Type Iv

scholarly journals Occurrence and Molecular Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in an Academic Veterinary Hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
pp. 5165-5174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Ishihara ◽  
Natsumi Shimokubo ◽  
Akie Sakagami ◽  
Hiroshi Ueno ◽  
Yasukazu Muramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

ABSTRACT Recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have been increasingly isolated from veterinarians and companion animals. With a view to preventing the spread of MRSA and MRSP, we evaluated the occurrence and molecular characteristics of each in a veterinary college. MRSA and MRSP were isolated from nasal samples from veterinarians, staff members, and veterinary students affiliated with a veterinary hospital. Using stepwise logistic regression, we identified two factors associated with MRSA carriage: (i) contact with an identified animal MRSA case (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.2 to 21.6) and (ii) being an employee (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 2.0 to 19.4). The majority of MRSA isolates obtained from individuals affiliated with the veterinary hospital and dog patients harbored spa type t002 and a type II staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), similar to the hospital-acquired MRSA isolates in Japan. MRSA isolates harboring spa type t008 and a type IV SCCmec were obtained from one veterinarian on three different sampling occasions and also from dog patients. MRSA carriers can also be a source of MRSA infection in animals. The majority of MRSP isolates (85.2%) carried hybrid SCCmec type II-III, and almost all the remaining MRSP isolates (11.1%) carried SCCmec type V. MRSA and MRSP were also isolated from environmental samples collected from the veterinary hospital (5.1% and 6.4%, respectively). The application of certain disinfection procedures is important for the prevention of nosocomial infection, and MRSA and MRSP infection control strategies should be adopted in veterinary medical practice.

scholarly journals A Subset of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Harboring Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Type IV Is Deficient in CcrAB-Mediated SCCmec Excision

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2782-2788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Noto ◽  
Gordon L. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Amino Acid Level ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT The gene encoding resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the staphylococci is found on the chromosome in a genomic island designated staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, or SCCmec. In addition to the resistance gene mecA, SCCmec also contains site-specific recombinase genes that are capable of catalyzing the chromosomal excision and reintegration of SCCmec. SCCmec is found in five major isotypes partially defined by the recombinase genes present, either ccrAB or ccrC. Of these, SCCmec type IV is presumed to be mobile in the environment, and this mobility may be partially responsible for the rise in community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcal infections. In this study, we investigate the presumptive first step in type IV SCCmec mobility: chromosomal excision of the element. CcrAB from a panel of six Staphylococcus aureus and four Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were able to catalyze chromosomal excision of SCCmec types I and II, indicating that these proteins maintain recombinase activity despite varying by up to 3.7% at the amino acid level. Excision of type IV SCCmec was not universally seen, as a subset of S. aureus strains with type IV SCCmec did not excise their element. These strains are all highly related and represent a lineage of successful community-associated pathogens. In addition, the inability to excise SCCmec in these strains is associated with the insertion of a presumptive mobile element containing the gene for staphylococcal enterotoxin H (seh) immediately downstream of SCCmec on the chromosome. Acquisition of this mobile element, containing a known virulence gene, appears to have stabilized the chromosomal integration of the methicillin resistance gene in these strains.

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