scholarly journals Differences between Professional and Amateur Cyclists in Endogenous Antioxidant System Profile

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera ◽  
Pedro E. Alcaraz ◽  
Raquel Ortolano-Ríos ◽  
Stéphane P. Dufour ◽  
Cristian Marín-Pagán
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Comparative Trial ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Antioxidants Enzymes ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Currently, no studies have examined the differences in endogenous antioxidant enzymes in professional and amateur cyclists and how these can influence sports performance. The aim of this study was to identify differences in endogenous antioxidants enzymes and hemogram between competitive levels of cycling and to see if differences found in these parameters could explain differences in performance. A comparative trial was carried out with 11 professional (PRO) and 15 amateur (AMA) cyclists. All cyclists performed an endogenous antioxidants analysis in the fasted state (visit 1) and an incremental test until exhaustion (visit 2). Higher values in catalase (CAT), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSSG/GSH ratio and lower values in superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found in PRO compared to AMA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an inverse correlation was found between power produced at ventilation thresholds 1 and 2 and GSSG/GSH (r = −0.657 and r = −0.635; p < 0.05, respectively) in PRO. Therefore, there is no well-defined endogenous antioxidant enzyme profile between the two competitive levels of cyclists. However, there was a relationship between GSSG/GSH ratio levels and moderate and submaximal exercise performance in the PRO cohort.

Mn3O4 nanozymes boost endogenous antioxidant metabolites in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant and enhance resistance to salinity stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1692-1703
Author(s):  
Li Lu ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
Yuxiong Huang ◽  
Philippe F.-X. Corvini ◽  
Rong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolites ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Mn3O4 nanoenzymes boost endogenous antioxidants in, and enhance resistance of, the cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plant subjected to salinity stress.

scholarly journals The Impact of Health Resort Treatment on the Nonenzymatic Endogenous Antioxidant System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Kuciel-Lewandowska ◽  
Michał Kasperczak ◽  
Bożena Bogut ◽  
Roman Heider ◽  
Wojciech T. Laber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Health Resort ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Oxygen, reacting with organic compounds in living organisms, oxidizes them without being completely reduced due to numerous exogenous as well as endogenous factors. As a consequence, free radicals or reactive oxygen species are formed. Health resort-based balneophysiotherapy is a comprehensive therapeutic intervention that triggers positive therapeutic effects within the entire system. Material and Methods. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of health resort-based balneophysiotherapy on the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases, as well as to determine potential correlation of these changes with free radical-mediated processes. Observation was carried out in patients undergoing health resort therapy as part of 21-day stay periods. The study population consisted of n=110 patients with articular and spinal pains due to degenerative diseases or discopathies. Results. Reduced bilirubin and albumin levels as well as increased uric acid levels were observed in the study group following the health resort treatment. Conclusions. Bilirubin and albumin levels were reduced while uric acid levels were increased as the result of health resort therapy in patients with degenerative motor organ diseases. The observed changes in the levels of nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants depend on free radical-mediated systemic transformations. The trial is registered with NCT03405350.

Hydrogen peroxide induces leukocyte rolling: modulation by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms including NO

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. H614-H621 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Johnston ◽  
S. Kanwar ◽  
P. Kubes
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Rolling Leukocytes ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Antibody Inhibition

In this study, intravital microscopy was used to examine the mechanisms that regulate H2O2-induced leukocyte rolling within rat mesenteric venules in vivo. H2O2 elicited leukocyte rolling within a narrow response window between 10 and 500 microM H2O2. Continuous superfusion with 100 microM H2O2 induced a large but transient increase in the flux of rolling leukocytes, whereas a short 5-min pulse elicited a sustained increase in rolling flux. Both treatments caused increases in leukocyte adhesion. H2O2-induced increases in leukocyte flux and adhesion could be prevented with an anti-P-selectin antibody. Inhibition of endogenous catalase (aminotriazole), glutathione (diethyl maleate), or nitric oxide (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) shifted the effective concentration of H2O2; continuous superfusion with 10 microM H2O2 now elicited large and sustained increases in leukocyte rolling flux, whereas 100 microM H2O2 elicited less than optimal responses. Dual antioxidant inhibition further reduced the effective H2O2 concentration to 1 microM H2O2. A nitric oxide donor prevented the increased rolling flux induced by 100 microM H2O2. These findings suggest that endogenous antioxidants are important regulators of H2O2-induced, P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling in vivo.

scholarly journals Differential effects of vitamin C or protandim on skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Bruns ◽  
Sarah E. Ehrlicher ◽  
Shadi Khademi ◽  
Laurie M. Biela ◽  
Frederick F. Peelor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxidative Challenge ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Maintaining proteostasis is a key mechanism for preserving cell function. Exercise-stimulated proteostasis is regulated, in part, by redox-sensitive signaling. Several studies suggest that supplementation with exogenous antioxidants blunts exercise-induced cellular adaptations, although this conclusion lacks consensus. Our group uses a fundamentally different approach to maintain redox balance by treatment with bioactive phytochemicals to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and downstream endogenous antioxidant pathways. We hypothesized that vitamin C (VitC) would interfere with redox-sensitive proteostatic mechanisms in skeletal muscle, whereas phytochemical treatment would permit proteostatic maintenance. We measured protein and DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle from high-volume voluntary wheel-running rats. Whereas phytochemical treatment permitted mitochondrial and other proteostatic adaptations to exercise, VitC treatment did not. During an in vitro oxidative challenge, phytochemical treatment helped maintain proteostasis, including the mitochondrial fraction while VitC did not. Our findings support the conclusion that VitC can blunt some of the beneficial adaptations to exercise. We propose that regulation of endogenous antioxidants represents a novel approach to maintain redox balance while still permitting redox-sensitive proteostatic adaptations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether vitamin C blocks aerobic exercise adaptions lacks consensus, perhaps because of approaches that only assess markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. By directly measuring mitochondrial biogenesis, we demonstrate that vitamin C blunts exercise-induced adaptations. Furthermore, we show that treatment with Protandim, a purported nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 activator that upregulates endogenous antioxidants, permits mitochondrial biogenesis. We confirm that vitamin C blunts aerobic exercise adaptions, whereas Protandim does not, suggesting targeting the endogenous antioxidant network facilitates adaptations to exercise.

scholarly journals Spirulina supplementation improves oxygen uptake in arm cycling exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 2657-2664
Author(s):  
Tom Gurney ◽  
Owen Spendiff
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Arm Cycling ◽  
Arm Crank Ergometer ◽  
Double Blinded

Abstract Purpose Spirulina has previously been reported to improve high-intensity exercise performance and hemoglobin. However, spirulina’s effect on arm cycling exercise has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of spirulina supplementation on hemoglobin and on oxygen uptake, RER and HR during seated arm cycling exercise. Methods In a double-blinded randomized crossover design, eleven males untrained in arm cycling ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for seven days. Seated on the Arm Crank Ergometer, each participant performed a baseline V̇O2max test, and then after supplementation, 2 × 30-min submaximal exercise bouts corresponding to 55% of their V̇O2max, followed by an incremental test to fatigue. A seven-day wash-out period was required between conditions. Oxygen uptake, RER and HR were measured continuously during exercise and hemoglobin measured prior to exercise after both conditions. Results Spirulina significantly (p < 0.05) increased Hb in comparison to Placebo (144.1 g/l ± 10.5 Vs 154.5 g/l ± 6.9). After spirulina supplementation, during the 30-min exercise bouts, oxygen uptake and HR were significantly lower (2170 ml/min ± 173 Vs 2311 ml/min ± 189 and 154 bpm ± 14 Vs 149 bpm ± 17), RER was not significantly different. In comparison to placebo, Spirulina significantly increased oxygen uptake at time of fatigue (34.10 ml/min/kg ± 6.03 Vs 37.37 ml/min/kg ± 5.98). Time taken to fatigue was not different. Conclusion Spirulina supplementation significantly reduces oxygen uptake and HR during arm cycling submaximal exercise, allowing for an increased oxygen uptake during an incremental test to fatigue.

Blood glutathione oxidation during human exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gohil ◽  
C. Viguie ◽  
W. C. Stanley ◽  
G. A. Brooks ◽  
L. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glutathione Antioxidant System ◽  
Glutathione Oxidation

To examine the effects of increased O2 utilization on the glutathione antioxidant system in blood, eight moderately trained male volunteers were exercised to peak O2 consumption (VO2peak) and for 90 min at 65% of VO2peak on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken during exercise, and for up to 4 days of recovery from submaximal exercise. During exercise to VO2peak, blood reduced glutathione (GSH) and total glutathione [GSH + oxidized glutathione (GSSG)] did not change significantly. Lactate (L), pyruvate (P), and L/P increased significantly from rest values (P less than 0.01). During prolonged submaximal exercise, GSH decreased 60% from control, and GSSG increased 100%. Total glutathione, glucose, pyruvate, and lactate concentrations and L/P did not change significantly during sustained exercise. During recovery, GSH and GSH/GSSG increased from exercise levels and significantly overshot preexercise levels, reaching maximum values after 3 days. Oxidation of GSH during submaximal exercise and its reduction in recovery suggest increased formation of active O2-. species in blood during physical exercise in moderately trained males.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146f-1146
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
W. J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Superficial scald development on apples is related to preharvest environmental conditions, perhaps through effects on endogenous antioxidant concentrations In 1989 we examined effects of maturity, light, and preharvest temperatures (< 10°C) on endogenous antioxidant levels in the fruit at harvest and on scald development after long-term storage in 0°C air. Cortland apple trees were sprayed with 500 ppm ethephon 1 month before normal harvest to create maturity differences. Fruit on other Cortland trees were bagged 1 month prior to harvest to reduce light interception. Samples also were harvested from other Cortland trees after exposures to different numbers of hours < 10°C, Hours < 10°C before harvest were negatively correlated to scald development. Ethephon treatment decreased scald incidence, and bagging increased it, The total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity increased with increasing hours < 10°C and with ethephon treatment, while bagging of fruit slightly decreased this antioxidant activity. To better understand the relationships between preharvest factors and antioxidant levels, individual antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, α tocopherol, anthocyanins and glutathione, are being analyzed.

Selenium deficiency potentiates paraquat-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated perfused rat lung

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Glass ◽  
M. W. Sutherland ◽  
H. J. Forman ◽  
A. B. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Gshpx Activity ◽  
Isolated Lungs

Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), a seleno-enzyme, reduces lipid hydroperoxides while producing oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which can efflux from cells. To study the role of GSHPx in antioxidant defense, isolated lungs from selenium-deficient rats were perfused for 2 h with or without 1 mM paraquat. Perfusate GSSG was measured as an index of GSHPx activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation. Selenium deficiency decreased lung GSHPx activity 75–80%. During perfusion control lungs showed GSSG efflux of 8.5 +/- 4.5 nmol/h and with paraquat 49.1 +/- 12.1 nmol/h. Selenium-deficient lungs with or without paraquat showed GSSG efflux of 16.4 +/- 5.3 and 13.7 +/- 8.9 nmol/h, respectively. MDA efflux occurred only in paraquat-perfused selenium-deficient lungs (7.8 +/- 2.7 nmol/h). Lung homogenates from this group had lower GSH + GSSG than the other three groups. These results indicate an inverse correlation between GSSG efflux and MDA accumulation from paraquat-perfused lungs and suggest that increased turnover of the GSHPx reaction protects paraquat-perfused lungs from lipid peroxidation.

Endogenous Antioxidant Activities in Relation to Concurrent Vitamins A, C, and E Intake in Dementia

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naji Tabet ◽  
David Mantle ◽  
Zuzana Walker ◽  
Martin Orrell
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Dietary Antioxidant ◽  
Antioxidant Intake ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Previous reports on the activities of essential endogenous antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in dementia patients have not included a simultaneous quantitative assessment of dietary antioxidant intake. This is important because the reported differences in endogenous antioxidant levels among dementia patients may have reflected variations in the total antioxidants' intake. In this study we measured the levels of antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E in the diet of 81 dementia patients and controls at the same time as assessing blood levels of three endogenous antioxidants. Results showed a significant decrease in the intake of vitamins C (p < .001) and E (p < .01) in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) when compared to controls. Patients with mild/moderate AD differed from controls only in the intake of vitamin C (p < .01). The blood levels of catalase but not superoxide dismutase and glutathione were significantly decreased in the patients with severe AD when compared to controls (p < .01), patients with mild/moderate AD (p < .01), and patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (p < .05). The blood catalase levels of dementia patients, as a whole, were significantly and positively associated with the intake of vitamins A (p < .05), C (p < .01), and E (p < .05). The results indicated that dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E may influence blood levels of catalase possibly through their antioxidant effects on free radicals. The data underscore the importance of concurrent quantitative assessment of nutritional intake when measuring endogenous antioxidant activities and support a role for antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of dementia disorders.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON ENDOGENOUS ANTIOXIDANTS AND SCALD DEVELOPMENT IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1146F-1146
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Barden ◽  
W. J. Bramlage
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidants ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lipid Soluble Antioxidant

Superficial scald development on apples is related to preharvest environmental conditions, perhaps through effects on endogenous antioxidant concentrations In 1989 we examined effects of maturity, light, and preharvest temperatures (< 10°C) on endogenous antioxidant levels in the fruit at harvest and on scald development after long-term storage in 0°C air. Cortland apple trees were sprayed with 500 ppm ethephon 1 month before normal harvest to create maturity differences. Fruit on other Cortland trees were bagged 1 month prior to harvest to reduce light interception. Samples also were harvested from other Cortland trees after exposures to different numbers of hours < 10°C, Hours < 10°C before harvest were negatively correlated to scald development. Ethephon treatment decreased scald incidence, and bagging increased it, The total lipid-soluble antioxidant activity increased with increasing hours < 10°C and with ethephon treatment, while bagging of fruit slightly decreased this antioxidant activity. To better understand the relationships between preharvest factors and antioxidant levels, individual antioxidants, including ascorbic acid, α tocopherol, anthocyanins and glutathione, are being analyzed.

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