scholarly journals Response to Antimony Toxicity in Dittrichia viscosa Plants: ROS, NO, H2S, and the Antioxidant System

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Francisco Luis Espinosa-Vellarino ◽  
Inmaculada Garrido ◽  
Alfonso Ortega ◽  
Ilda Casimiro ◽  
Francisco Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Dittrichia Viscosa ◽  
Response To Stress

Dittrichia viscosa plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in roots. Fe and Cu decreased, while Mn decreased in roots but not in leaves. Chlorophyll content declined, but the carotenoid content increased, and photosynthetic efficiency was unaltered. O2●− generation increased slightly, while lipid peroxidation increased only in roots. H2O2, NO, ONOO−, S-nitrosothiols, and H2S showed significant increases, and the enzymatic antioxidant system was altered. In roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activities declined, dehydroscorbate reductase (DHAR) rose, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were unaffected. In leaves, SOD and POX increased, MDAR decreased, and APX was unaltered, while GR increased. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and l-cysteine desulfhydrilase (l-DES) increased in activity, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased in leaves but was enhanced in roots. Components of the AsA/GSH cycle decreased. The great capacity of Dittrichia roots to accumulate Sb is the reason for the differing behaviour observed in the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the two organs. Sb appears to act by binding to thiol groups, which can alter free GSH content and SOD and GST activities. The coniferyl alcohol peroxidase activity increased, possibly to lignify the roots’ cell walls. Sb altered the ROS balance, especially with respect to H2O2. This led to an increase in NO and H2S acting on the antioxidant system to limit that Sb-induced redox imbalance. The interaction NO, H2S and H2O2 appears key to the response to stress induced by Sb. The interaction between ROS, NO, and H2S appears to be involved in the response to Sb.

scholarly journals Biochar and Chitosan Regulate Antioxidant Defense and Methylglyoxal Detoxification Systems and Enhance Salt Tolerance in Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan ◽  
Ebtihal Khojah ◽  
Bassem N. Samra ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Corchorus Olitorius ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Detoxification Systems ◽  
Catalase Peroxidase

We investigated the role of biochar and chitosan in mitigating salt stress in jute (Corchorus olitorius L. cv. O-9897) by exposing twenty-day-old seedlings to three doses of salt (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). Biochar was pre-mixed with the soil at 2.0 g kg−1 soil, and chitosan-100 was applied through irrigation at 100 mg L−1. Exposure to salt stress notably increased lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide content, superoxide radical levels, electrolyte leakage, lipoxygenase activity, and methylglyoxal content, indicating oxidative damage in the jute plants. Consequently, the salt-stressed plants showed reduced growth, biomass accumulation, and disrupted water balance. A profound increase in proline content was observed in response to salt stress. Biochar and chitosan supplementation significantly mitigated the deleterious effects of salt stress in jute by stimulating both non-enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate and glutathione) and enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase) antioxidant systems and enhancing glyoxalase enzyme activities (glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II) to ameliorate reactive oxygen species damage and methylglyoxal toxicity, respectively. Biochar and chitosan supplementation increased oxidative stress tolerance and improved the growth and physiology of salt-affected jute plants, while also significantly reducing Na+ accumulation and ionic toxicity and decreasing the Na+/K+ ratio. These findings support a protective role of biochar and chitosan against salt-induced damage in jute plants.

scholarly journals Modification of antioxidant systems in cell walls of maize roots by different nitrogen sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0808
Author(s):  
Vesna Hadži-Tašković Šukalović ◽  
Mirjana Vuletić ◽  
Ksenija Marković ◽  
Željko Vučinić ◽  
Natalija Kravić
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Root Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Root Cell Walls

Antioxidant systems of maize root cell walls grown on different nitrogen sources were evaluated. Plants were grown on a medium containing only NO3- or the mixture of NO3-+NH4+, in a 2:1 ratio. Eleven-day old plants, two days after the initiation of lateral roots, were used for the experiments. Cell walls were isolated from lateral roots and primary root segments, 2-7 cm from tip to base, representing zones of intense or decreased growth rates, respectively. Protein content and the activity of enzymes peroxidase, malate dehydrogenase and ascorbate oxidase ionically or covalently bound to the walls, as well as cell wall phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, were determined. Cell walls of plants grown on mixed N possess more developed enzymatic antioxidant systems and lower non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses than cell walls grown on NO3-. Irrespective of N treatment, the activities of all studied enzymes and protein content were higher in cell walls of lateral compared to primary roots. Phenolic content of cell walls isolated from lateral roots was higher in NO3--grown than in mixed N grown plants. No significant differences could be observed in the isozyme patterns of cell wall peroxidases isolated from plants grown on different nutrient solution. Our results indicate that different N treatments modify the antioxidant systems of root cell walls. Treatment with NO3- resulted in an increase of constitutive phenolic content, while the combination of NO3-+NH4+ elevated the redox enzyme activities in root cell walls.

Cereals frost resistance correlates with an integral indicators of content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
O. I. Horielova ◽  
◽  
N. I. Ryabchun ◽  
M. A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
A. M. Reznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Adult Plants

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

scholarly journals Effects of Desiccation on Metamorphic Climax in Bombina variegata: Changes in Levels and Patterns of Oxidative Stress Parameters

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Petrović ◽  
Ana Kijanović ◽  
Nataša Kolarov Kolarov Tomašević ◽  
Jelena P. Gavrić ◽  
Svetlana G. Despotović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
System Control ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Metamorphic Climax ◽  
Bombina Variegata ◽  
Stress Parameters

In this paper, we examined how the oxidative status (antioxidant system and oxidative damage) of Bombina variegata larvae changed during the metamorphic climax (Gosner stages: 42—beginning, 44—middle and 46—end) and compared the patterns and levels of oxidative stress parameters between individuals developing under constant water availability (control) and those developing under decreasing water availability (desiccation group). Our results revealed that larvae developing under decreasing water availability exhibited increased oxidative damage in the middle and end stages. This was followed by lower levels of glutathione in stages 44 and 46, as well as lower values of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and sulfhydryl groups in stage 46 (all in relation to control animals). Comparison between stages 42, 44 and 46 within treatments showed that individuals in the last stage demonstrated the highest intensities of lipid oxidative damage in both the control and desiccation groups. As for the parameters of the antioxidant system, control individuals displayed greater variety in response to changes induced by metamorphic climax than individuals exposed to desiccation treatment. The overall decrease in water availability during development led to increased oxidative stress and modifications in the pattern of AOS response to changes induced by metamorphic climax in larvae of B. variegata.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF THE ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS IN RATS DURING BURN DISEASE

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
L. G. Netyukhailo ◽  
T. A. Sukhomlin ◽  
Ya. A. Basarab ◽  
V. V. Bondarenko ◽  
S. V. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
The State ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Burn Disease ◽  
Radical Processes

The objective of research was to study the state of prooxidant and antioxidant systems in the tissues of the lungs, kidneys, pancreas and salivary glands at burn disease. The intensity of the free radical processes was evaluated on the basis of the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant system – based on the indexes of its enzymatic chain: superoxide dismutase and catalase in homogenates of the studied organs. It has been found that changes in experimental burn disease depend on the studied organs and the stage of burn disease. The activation of free radical processes observed in all investigated organs (lungs, kidneys, pancreas and salivary glands). Reactive oxygen species induce lipid peroxidation, which is a universal marker of tissue damage. MDA appears in the body during degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and it’s a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. It was found the increasing of MDA in all organs, especially in the lungs and kidneys at stage of burn shock. Under these conditions it was observed the decrease of superoxide dismutase and catalase in all investigated organs. At burn disease there is development of disbalance between the action of prooxidant and antioxidant systems due to the activation of free radical processes.

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