scholarly journals Oxysterols and Retinal Microvascular Dysfunction as Early Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease in Normal, Ageing Individuals

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756
Author(s):  
Hala Shokr ◽  
Irundika HK Dias ◽  
Doina Gherghel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Early Risk ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the present paper is to assess the relationship between oxysterol levels and retinal microvascular function in individuals of various age groups, free of clinically evident diseases. Forty-two apparently healthy individuals were included in the present study (group 1: 19–30 years, group 2: 31–50 years, and group 3: 51–70 years). Retinal microvascular function was assessed using the dynamic retinal vessel analyzer (DVA, IMEDOS GmbH, Jena, Germany). Fasting plasma was obtained from all subjects and quantification of monohydroxy and dihydroxy oxysterols assessment was performed using LC-MS/MS following reverse phase chromatography. A Griess assay was used to evaluate the Nitric Oxide (NO) concentration in all individuals. The glutathione redox ratio was also analyzed by means of whole blood glutathione recycling assay. In all participants, the levels of 7-Ketocholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol correlated significantly and positively with the time to maximum arteriolar dilation. In addition, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol negatively correlated to the percentage of maximum arteriolar dilation. A negative correlation was observed for 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7β-hydroxycholesterol with microvascular arteriolar constriction. These results suggest that, with age, abnormal oxysterol levels correlate with early changes in microvascular bed function. This relationship could signal early risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in an ageing population.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 232596712092793
Author(s):  
Christopher Antonacci ◽  
Thomas R. Atlee ◽  
Peter N. Chalmers ◽  
Christopher Hadley ◽  
Meghan E. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Baseball Pitchers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Emre Erdem ◽  
Ahmet Karatas ◽  
Tevfik Ecder
Keyword(s):  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin &#x3c;800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, <i>p</i> = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; <i>p</i> = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.063). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Time-averaged serum ferritin levels &#x3e;1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

scholarly journals Long-Term Histologic Changes in Nasal Mucosa after Total Laryngectomy

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Tepe Karaca ◽  
Erdoğan Gültekin ◽  
M. Kürşat Yelken ◽  
Ayşenur Akyıldız İğdem ◽  
Mehmet Külekçi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Total Laryngectomy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Objective. To determine the long-term histopathologic changes in nasal mucosa and the relationship between progression of the histopathologic changes and the duration without air current stimulation.Material and Method. Biopsies were taken from the inferior turbinates of 11 laryngeal cancer patients after total laryngectomy. Specimens were stained with hematoksilen-eosin and several histopathologic parameters were examined under light microscopy.Results. All of the patients demonstrated at least one histopathologic abnormality (100%,n=11). Goblet destruction and stromal fibrosis were the most common findings (81%,n=9), followed by focal epithelial atrophy and subepithelial seromusinous gland destruction (45%,n=5), neovascularization and congestion (36%,n=4), complete epithelial atrophy and mixoid degeneration (27%,n=3). According to the duration between laryngectomy and biopsy, patients were grouped in to three: group 1; less than 12 months (36%,n=4), group 2; 12–36 months (18%,n=2), and group 3; more than 36 months (45%,n=5). Only congestion was found to be decreased as the duration increased (P<.005).Conclusion. In laryngeal cancer patients histopathologic changes occur in nasal mucosa eventuate due to the cessation of air current stimulation, however there was no relation between progression of the histopathologic findings and the duration of cessation.

Optimal Propofol Plasma Concentration during Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Young, Middle-aged, and Elderly Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiei Kazama ◽  
Ken Takeuchi ◽  
Kazuyuki Ikeda ◽  
Takehiko Ikeda ◽  
Mutsuhito Kikura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Verbal Command ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Somatic Response ◽  
Group 1

Background Suitable propofol plasma concentrations during gastroscopy have not been determined for suppressing somatic and hemodynamic responses in different age groups. Methods Propofol sedation at target plasma concentrations from 0.5 to 4.0 microgram/ml were performed randomly in three groups of patients (23 per group) who were undergoing elective outpatient gastroscopy: ages 17-49 yr (group 1), 50-69 yr (group 2), and 70-89 yr (group 3). Plasma propofol concentration in which 50% of patients do not respond to these different stimuli were determined by logistic regression: verbal command (Cp50ls), somatic response to gastroscopy (Cp50endo), and gag response to gastroscopy (Cp50gag). Hemodynamic responses were also investigated in the different age groups. Results Cp50ls concentrations were 2.23 microgram/ml (group 1), 1.75 microgram/ml (group 2), and 1.40 microgram/ml (group 3). The Cp50endo values in groups 1 and 2 were 2.87 and 2.34 microgram/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than their respective Cp50ls values. Cp50endo value in group 3 was 1.64 microgram/ml, which was close to its Cp50ls value. Because of a high degree of interpatient variability, Cp50gag could not be defined. Systolic blood pressure response decreased with increasing propofol concentrations. Conclusions The authors determined the propofol concentration necessary for gastroscopy and showed that increasing age reduces it. Propofol concentration that suppresses somatic response induces loss of consciousness in almost all young patients.

Abstract P75: Dissemination of CPR Skills to the Public - Can Schoolchildren Ensure Success?

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonje Lorem ◽  
Aud Palm ◽  
Lars Wik
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Public ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Training a large fraction of the general population in CPR could have major public health benefit if those most likely to witness cardiac arrest are trained. Mass distribution of self-training manikins as a two-tiered strategy with school children as first tier has been described as successful, but without information on second tier age or information strategy to second tier. We studied three different attempts at reaching older second tier persons. In groups 1 and 2 first tier consisted of 7 th graders and in group 3 high school and medical school students. Information about the desirable second tier age group was given in writing prior to the distribution. In groups 1 and 3 information was only directed towards first tier. In group 2 both first tier, their parents and teachers were informed. The first tier participants reported the number of second tier trained for age-groups 12–25 years, 25–50 years, and >50 years. Approximately 64000 (group 1), 63000 (group 2) and 81 (group 3) self-education kits were provided with 2.7, 1.9, and 3.7 lay-rescuers trained per kit respectively (p<0.05) (Table 1 ). Informing also the parents of the first tier prior to the distribution did not positively impact the number of second tier trained lay-rescuers, but higher age of first tier did. We speculate that 7 th graders are too young to successfully disseminate CPR to those most likely to witness out of hospital cardiac arrest. Table 1. Percentage reported trained in first and second tier divided into age-groups.

scholarly journals Inverse Relationship between Adenoid Size and Asthma or Atopy in Children: A Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
Yangseop Noh ◽  
Ji-Eun Choi ◽  
Kyung Eun Lee ◽  
Seung-Kyu Chung ◽  
Sang Duk Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objectives One of the most common surgical procedures in children is adenoidectomy, but the causes of adenoid hypertrophy are not fully understood. Some studies have found that allergies can be a risk factor for adenoid hypertrophy, asthma being one of these allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between adenoid size and asthma in a group of children.Subjects and Method This study reviewed a total of 2063 pediatric patients with or without atopy and asthma who visited the Otorhinolaryngology and Pediatric unit at a tertiary medical center from January 2011 to June 2016. We classified these patients into 4 groups according to the presence of asthma or atopy and randomly selected 100 patients from each group (to a total of 400 pts): group 1 (asthma-, atopy-); group 2 (asthma-, atopy+); group 3 (asthma+, atopy-) and group 4 (asthma+, atopy+). The presence of allergic sensitization (atopy) was evaluated by CAP test and total IgE. Asthma was diagnosed according to the diagnosis criteria in the Korean guideline for asthma. Adenoid size was evaluated with the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (A/N ratio) by the adenoid view.Results The four groups did not differ from each other significantly in age or sex. There was a negative correlation between adenoid size and atopic and asthmatic condition. Group 1 had a significantly larger A/N ratio than the other groups (group 1=0.534±0.138; group 2=0.469± 0.140; group 3=0.476±0.135; group 4=0.482±0.128, <i>p</i><0.05). However, group 4 showed nearly identical results to groups 2 and 3, despite the combination of asthma and atopy in group 4.Conclusion Large adenoids were negatively associated with atopy and asthma. This finding may be explained by a decrease in adenoid stimulation by nasal obstruction and a difference in the immune system, including allergic immune reactions. Further studies are needed.

Identification of zoonotic Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in pre-weaned Korean native calves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunwoo Hwang ◽  
Seung-Uk Shin ◽  
SuHee Kim ◽  
Ji-Hyoung Ryu ◽  
Kyoung-Seong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species of microsporidia that can infect humans and various animals worldwide. To date, information on the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi infection in cattle in the Republic of Korea is limited. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi circulating in pre-weaned Korean native calves and determine the age pattern of E. bieneusi infection and the relationship between E. bieneusi and diarrhea. Results: The overall prevalence of E. bieneusi was 16.9% (53/314) in pre-weaned calves by PCR. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was the highest in September (36.2%), followed by March (28.3%). E. bieneusi infection (c 2 = 5.82, P = 0.016) was associated with diarrhea in calves. The present results indicated that E. bieneusi infection was statistically associated with calf age (c 2 = 11.61, P = 0.003); the prevalence of E. bieneusi was significantly higher in calves aged 21-40 days (odds ratio = 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.54-5.45; P = 0.001) than in those aged 1-20 days. Interestingly, E. bieneusi infection showed an association with diarrhea only in calves aged 1-20 days (c 2 = 5.82, P = 0.010). Five genotypes, BEB4 ( n = 12), BEB8 ( n = 23), CHN6 ( n = 1), I ( n = 1), and J ( n = 16), were identified, and all these genotypes belonged to Group 2. The genotype BEB8 was the most prevalent in all age groups regardless of diarrhea. On the other hand, the genotype I was identified only in one calf aged 10 days with diarrhea. Except for CHN6, the four other genotypes were mostly observed in cattle, and all of them have zoonotic potential. Conclusions: This is the first report of the genotypes BEB4 and CHN6 in pre-weaned Korean native calves. The results revealed the presence of zoonotic E. bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves, demonstrating that cattle may play an important role as a reservoir host in E. bieneusi transmission to humans.

scholarly journals National Surveillance of Injury in Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Korea: 2011–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9132
Author(s):  
Soo Hyun Park ◽  
Ji Young Min ◽  
Won Cul Cha ◽  
Ik Joon Jo ◽  
Taerim Kim
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prevention Potential ◽  
Group 1

Understanding age-specific injury patterns allows the continued improvement of prevention strategies. This is a retrospective study analyzing the Korea Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance data, including those aged ≤19 years old between January 2011 and December 2017. In this study, we focused on changes in the modes of injury and severity, and prevention potential by dividing the patients into four age groups: group 1 (0–4 years), group 2 (5–9 years), group 3 (10–14 years), and group 4 (15–19 years). The most common mode of injury in younger age groups 1 and 2 was a fall or slip. Most injuries in older age groups 3 and 4 were unintentional and intentional collisions combined. Traumatic brain injuries (2.1%), intensive care unit admissions (1.8%), and overall death (0.4%) were the highest in group 4. The proportions of severe and critical injury (EMR-ISS ≥ 25) were 7.5% in group 4, 3.2% in group 3, 2.5% in group 1, and 1% in group 2. This study presents a comprehensive trend of injuries in the pediatric population in South Korea. Our results suggest the importance of designing specific injury-prevention strategies for targeted groups, circumstances, and situations.

‘I am not at risk – typical tourists are’! Social comparison of risk in tourists

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Larsen ◽  
Wibecke Brun
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Optimistic Bias ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group 1

Aim: The presented research aims to study the relationship between judgements of risks to oneself as a tourist as compared to risks to ‘typical tourists’, ‘average tourists’ and ‘typical tourist from your home country’. Methods: Altogether, 1,892 tourists visiting Norway (summer 2010) filled in a questionnaire on aspects of being a tourist. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Group 1 was asked about risk to themselves; Group 2 was asked to indicate their thoughts about ‘risk to typical tourists’; Group 3 indicated risks for ‘average tourists’; and Group 4 was asked about risks for typical tourists from their home country. Results: Results show that all risks were judged to be low, but significantly higher risks were attributed to the typical and average tourist than to ‘self’. Conclusions: The results are interpreted in terms of social cognitive processes such as the ‘optimistic bias’.

Which diagnostic method should be used in which age interval in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Kamil Hakan Kaya ◽  
Zeki Tolga Bilece ◽  
Harun Acıpayam ◽  
Hasan Koçak ◽  
Hüseyin Avni Ulusoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Adenoid Hypertrophy ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Adenoid Tissue ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Aim: This study aims to determine the age interval for which the flexible nasopharyngoscopy (FNP) and lateral nasopharyngeal X-ray radiography (LNX) used in the diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy more effectively in a pediatric population. Study Design: Prospective Cohort Study. Materials and Methods: 281 pediatric patients (1 to 15 years old) who were admitted to our ENT outpatient clinic with the complaints of nasal obstruction, snoring, sleep apnea through April 2016 and February 2017 and who were examined with FNP with the pre-diagnosis of adenoid hypertrophy were included in our study. All FNP examinations were evaluated by a single physician. The degree of choanal obstruction was recorded as percentage (%) with the help of the adenoid tissue image. The patients were divided into four groups according to the quality of the endoscopic examination performed during FNP examination; optimal assessment (group-1), assisted optimal assessment (group-2), assisted suboptimal assessment (group-3), and inability to assess despite assistance (group-4). LNX was performed for the re-evaluation of adenoid tissue in the patients in Group-3 and 4. Statistical analysis was performed among the groups according to the ages of the patients. Results: Optimal images were obtained with FNP in the patients aged between 1 and 2 years and 8-15 years and the expected images were obtained for choanal obstruction. However, no image could be obtained with FNP for assessment of choanal obstruction in more than 30% of patients between the ages of 3 and 8 years (31.2% and 33.3%, respectively), also in more than 50% of the patients who were 4,5,6 and 7 years old (60.6%, 56.7%, 55.8%, 66 , 6%, respectively). For this reason, their degrees of choanal obstruction were determined with LNX. Conclusion: For the optimal assessment of adenoid hypertrophy, we suggest that using LNX for the pediatric patients who are 4, 5, 6 and 7 years old and using FNP for the other age groups are more appropriate methods respectively in order not to disturb the polyclinic process of physician and for patient compliance.

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