scholarly journals Improving Aqueous Solubility of Natural Antioxidant Mangiferin through Glycosylation by Maltogenic Amylase from Parageobacillus galactosidasius DSM 18751

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1817
Author(s):  
Jiumn-Yih Wu ◽  
Hsiou-Yu Ding ◽  
Tzi-Yuan Wang ◽  
Yu-Li Tsai ◽  
Huei-Ju Ting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Transglycosylation Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maltogenic Amylase ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activities

Mangiferin is a natural antioxidant C-glucosidic xanthone originally isolated from the Mangifera indica (mango) plant. Mangiferin exhibits a wide range of pharmaceutical activities. However, mangiferin’s poor solubility limits its applications. To resolve this limitation of mangiferin, enzymatic glycosylation of mangiferin to produce more soluble mangiferin glucosides was evaluated. Herein, the recombinant maltogenic amylase (MA; E.C. 3.2.1.133) from a thermophile Parageobacillus galactosidasius DSM 18751T (PgMA) was cloned into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) via the expression plasmid pET-Duet-1. The recombinant PgMA was purified via Ni2+ affinity chromatography. To evaluate its transglycosylation activity, 17 molecules, including mangiferin (as sugar acceptors), belonging to triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenol glycosides, were assayed with β-CD (as the sugar donor). The results showed that puerarin and mangiferin are suitable sugar acceptors in the transglycosylation reaction. The glycosylation products from mangiferin by PgMA were isolated using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Their chemical structures were glucosyl-α-(1→6)-mangiferin and maltosyl-α-(1→6)-mangiferin, determined by mass and nucleic magnetic resonance spectral analysis. The newly identified maltosyl-α-(1→6)-mangiferin showed 5500-fold higher aqueous solubility than that of mangiferin, and both mangiferin glucosides exhibited similar 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activities compared to mangiferin. PgMA is the first MA with glycosylation activity toward mangiferin, meaning mangiferin glucosides have potential future applications.

scholarly journals Molecular Image-Based Prediction Models of Nuclear Receptor Agonists and Antagonists Using the DeepSnap-Deep Learning Approach with the Tox21 10K Library

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2764
Author(s):  
Yasunari Matsuzaka ◽  
Yoshihiro Uesawa
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Adverse Outcome Pathway ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Molecular Image ◽  
Wide Range

The interaction of nuclear receptors (NRs) with chemical compounds can cause dysregulation of endocrine signaling pathways, leading to adverse health outcomes due to the disruption of natural hormones. Thus, identifying possible ligands of NRs is a crucial task for understanding the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for human toxicity as well as the development of novel drugs. However, the experimental assessment of novel ligands remains expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, an in silico approach with a wide range of applications instead of experimental examination is highly desirable. The recently developed novel molecular image-based deep learning (DL) method, DeepSnap-DL, can produce multiple snapshots from three-dimensional (3D) chemical structures and has achieved high performance in the prediction of chemicals for toxicological evaluation. In this study, we used DeepSnap-DL to construct prediction models of 35 agonist and antagonist allosteric modulators of NRs for chemicals derived from the Tox21 10K library. We demonstrate the high performance of DeepSnap-DL in constructing prediction models. These findings may aid in interpreting the key molecular events of toxicity and support the development of new fields of machine learning to identify environmental chemicals with the potential to interact with NR signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Recent advances in melanin-like nanomaterials in biomedical applications: a mini review

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihyo Park ◽  
Haeram Moon ◽  
Seonki Hong
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photoacoustic Imaging ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Photothermal Conversion ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract Background Melanins are a group of biopigments in microorganisms that generate a wide range of colorants. Due to their multifunctionality, including ultraviolet protection, radical scavenging, and photothermal conversion, in addition to their intrinsic biocompatibility, natural melanins and synthetic melanin-like nanomaterials have been suggested as novel nano-bio platforms in biomedical applications. Main body Recent approaches in the synthesis of melanin-like nanomaterials and their biomedical applications have briefly been reviewed. Melanin-like nanomaterials have been suggested as endogenous chromophores for photoacoustic imaging and radical scavengers for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The photothermal conversion ability of these materials under near-infrared irradiation allows hyperthermia-mediated cancer treatments, and their intrinsic fluorescence can be an indicator in biosensing applications. Furthermore, catechol-rich melanin and melanin-like nanomaterials possess a versatile affinity for various functional organic and inorganic additives, allowing the design of multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials that expand their range of applications in bioimaging, therapy, theranostics, and biosensing. Conclusion Melanin-like natural and synthetic nanomaterials have emerged; however, the under-elucidated chemical structures of these materials are still a major obstacle to the construction of novel nanomaterials through bottom-up approaches and tuning the material properties at the molecular level. Further advancements in melanin-based medical applications can be achieved with the incorporation of next-generation chemical and molecular analytical tools.

scholarly journals Polyphenol characterization, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-tyrosinase activity of cranberry pomace

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasantha Rupasinghe ◽  
Sandhya V. Neir ◽  
Indu Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: Cranberry pomace (CP), an underutilized by-product from juice processing, contains a wide range of biologically active compounds that can be recovered and used in a variety of applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Methods: In this study, analytical chemical techniques such as solvent extractions and characterization of extracts in respect with their phenolic content were performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and spectrophotometry. Crude CP extract and its phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins–rich fractions were then evaluated for their anti-oxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and anti-proliferation activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Results: On a dry weight basis, the different CP fractions contained seven major anthocyanins (0.1-125 mg/g), six major phenolic acids (0.8-31 mg/g), seven flavonols (1-126 mg/g) and five flavan-3-ols (0.1-12 mg/g). Fractions rich in flavonols exhibited the most potent antioxidant capacities with ferric ion reducing antioxidant power values of 1.8-1.9 mmole/g and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging IC50 values of 15.1-15.2 mg/L respectively. On the other hand, fractions rich in phenolic acids and flavan-3-ol monomers demonstrated the most potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50=6.1-6.2 mg/L) and anti-proliferative activity (IC50=7.8-15.8 mg/L). Generally, all the fractions exhibited a dose-response relationship in the selected biological activity assays.Conclusion: This study suggests an effective utilization of CP to obtain biologically active fractions with potential to be used in functional foods and nutraceuticals designed for the prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.Keywords: cranberry pomace, polyphenol, anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferation, nutraceuticals, functional foods

scholarly journals BIOTRANSFORMATION OF METRONIDAZOLE BY CUNNINGHAMELLA ELEGANS ATCC 9245

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Julia Medeiros Sorrentino ◽  
Rafaela Martins Sponchiado ◽  
Natália Olegário Dos Santos ◽  
Sendy Salles Oliveira ◽  
Karina Galle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Metabolite Formation ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Source

Drug biotransformation studies appear as an alternative to pharmacological studies of metabolites, development of new drug candidates with reduced investment as well as the most efficient production of chemical structures involves and drug quality control studies. A wide range of reactions in biotransformations process is catalyzed by microorganisms. Fungi can be considered as a promising source of new biotransformation reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of metronidazole biotransformation through the filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 9245. The monitoring of metabolite formation was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The results of the biotransformation of metronidazole showed drug consumption in culture and the formation of four new chromatographic peaks of chemical structures not elucidated. The method showed it became linear over 10-70 μg/mL (r = 0.999953). Accuracy, precision and stability studies agree with international guidelines.  Results are consistent in accordance with the principles of green chemistry as the experimental conditions had a low environmental impact, and few solvents use.  

Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Chitosan Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Xu ◽  
Tian Zhong ◽  
Hui Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activities

Chitosan and its derivatives, which are known to possess multiple functional properties, have captured considerable interest due to their biological activities and potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, agricultural and environmental industries. This paper focuses on the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of various chitosan materials based on our and others’ latest research results, including scaffold, film, tablet, nanoparticle, and so on. The free radical scavenging mechanisms are summarized. This work may provide more insights into the antioxidant ability of chitosan and its derivatives and potentially enable them to use as natural antioxidant materials for application in food, agriculture, cosmetic and biomedical science.

Therapeutic Properties of Several Chemical Compounds from Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana Uță ◽  
Denisa Ștefania Manolescu ◽  
Speranța Avram
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

Background.: Currently, the pharmacological management in Alzheimer's disease is based on several chemical structures, represented by acetylcholinesterase and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands, with still unclear molecular mechanisms, but severe side effects. For this reason, a challenge for Alzheimer's disease treatment remains to identify new drugs with reduced side effects. Recently, the natural compounds, in particular certain chemical compounds identified in the essential oil of peppermint, sage, grapes, sea buckthorn, have increased interest as possible therapeutics. Objectives.: In this paper, we have summarized data from the recent literature, on several chemical compounds extracted from Salvia officinalis L., with therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. Methods.: In addition to the wide range of experimental methods performed in vivo and in vitro, also we presented some in silico studies of medicinal compounds. Results. Through this mini-review, we present the latest information regarding the therapeutic characteristics of natural compounds isolated from Salvia officinalis L. in Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion.: Thus, based on the information presented, we can say that phytotherapy is a reliable therapeutic method in a neurodegenerative disease.

Punica granatum as a Source of Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agent; a Comprehensive Review on Related Investigations

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Jalali ◽  
Mohammadreza Kiafar ◽  
Masih Seddigh ◽  
Mohammad M. Zarshenas
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Natural Foods

Background: The consumption of natural antioxidants is increasing due to the demand and tendency to natural foods. Punica granatum L. [Punicaceae] is a fruit with various bioactive ingredients. The effectiveness of this plant has been proved against various disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, blood coagulation, infections, cancer, and dentistry. Among them, there are numerous researches on antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Subsequently, the present study aimed to compile a review of those properties to outline this herb as a possible natural antioxidant and preservative. Methods: Synchronically, keywords "Punica granatum" with antimicrobial, or antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and radical scavenging were searched through "Scopus" database up to 31st September 2019. Papers focusing on agriculture, genetics, chemistry, and environmental sciences were excluded and also related papers were collected. Results: Among 201 papers focusing on related activities, 111 papers have dealt with antioxidant activities focusing based on DPPH assay, 59 with antibacterial, on both gram+ and gram- bacteria, 24 with antifungal effects, mostly on Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, and 7 papers with antiviral activities. There were about 50 papers focusing on in-vivo antioxidant activities of this plant. Conclusion: Taken together, botanical parts of P. granatum have possessed notable radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities that with these properties, this plant can be introduced as a natural safe source of preservative and antioxidant. Accordingly, P. granatum can be applied as excipient with the aforementioned properties in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

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