scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide and Persulfides Oxidation by Biologically Relevant Oxidizing Species

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana Benchoam ◽  
Ernesto Cuevasanta ◽  
Matías Möller ◽  
Beatriz Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Metal Centers ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Sulfenic Acids ◽  
Electrophilic Character

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S/HS–) can be formed in mammalian tissues and exert physiological effects. It can react with metal centers and oxidized thiol products such as disulfides (RSSR) and sulfenic acids (RSOH). Reactions with oxidized thiol products form persulfides (RSSH/RSS–). Persulfides have been proposed to transduce the signaling effects of H2S through the modification of critical cysteines. They are more nucleophilic and acidic than thiols and, contrary to thiols, also possess electrophilic character. In this review, we summarize the biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide and persulfides, focusing on redox aspects. We describe biologically relevant one- and two-electron oxidants and their reactions with H2S and persulfides, as well as the fates of the oxidation products. The biological implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide in Heart Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Shen ◽  
Zhuqing Shen ◽  
Shanshan Luo ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yi Zhun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Antioxidative Action

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as a third gaseous mediator along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), though it was originally considered as a malodorous and toxic gas. H2S is produced endogenously from cysteine by three enzymes in mammalian tissues. An increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of H2S in different physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that H2S has the potential to protect the heart against myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Some mechanisms, such as antioxidative action, preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory responses, angiogenic actions, regulation of ion channel, and interaction with NO, could be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of H2S. Although several mechanisms have been identified, there is a need for further research to identify the specific molecular mechanism of cardioprotection in different cardiac diseases. Therefore, insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying H2S action in the heart may promote the understanding of pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and lead to new therapeutic targets based on modulation of H2S production.

scholarly journals Possible adverse effects of frying with vegetable oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (S2) ◽  
pp. S49-S57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Dobarganes ◽  
Gloria Márquez-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Frying Fats ◽  
New Compounds

The question of whether heated fats in the diet may be detrimental to health is nowadays of the upmost concern, but finding an answer is not easy and requires careful consideration of different aspects of lipid oxidation. This review is divided into two sections. The first part deals with the nature of the new compounds formed at high temperature in the frying process as well as their occurrence in the diet while the second part focuses on their possible nutritional and physiological effects. Oxidation products present in abused frying fats and oils are the compounds most suspected of impairing the nutritional properties of the oils or involving adverse physiological effects. The recent studies on their health implications include those related to their fate and those focused on their effects in metabolic pathways and the most prevalent diseases.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide Is a Regulator of Hemoglobin Oxygen-Carrying Capacity via Controlling 2,3-BPG Production in Erythrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
Wenhu Liu ◽  
Changnan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity ◽  
O2 Binding

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is naturally synthesized in a wide range of mammalian tissues. Whether H2S is involved in the regulation of erythrocyte functions remains unknown. Using mice with a genetic deficiency in a H2S natural synthesis enzyme cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and high-throughput metabolomic profiling, we found that levels of erythrocyte 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), an erythroid-specific metabolite negatively regulating hemoglobin- (Hb-) oxygen (O2) binding affinity, were increased in CSE knockout (Cse-/-) mice under normoxia. Consistently, the 50% oxygen saturation (P50) value was increased in erythrocytes of Cse-/- mice. These effects were reversed by treatment with H2S donor GYY4137. In the models of cultured mouse and human erythrocytes, we found that H2S directly acts on erythrocytes to decrease 2,3-BPG production, thereby enhancing Hb-O2 binding affinity. Mouse genetic studies showed that H2S produced by peripheral tissues has a tonic inhibitory effect on 2,3-BPG production and consequently maintains Hb-O2 binding affinity in erythrocytes. We further revealed that H2S promotes Hb release from the membrane to the cytosol and consequently enhances bisphosphoglycerate mutase (BPGM) anchoring to the membrane. These processes might be associated with S-sulfhydration of Hb. Moreover, hypoxia decreased the circulatory H2S level and increased the erythrocyte 2,3-BPG content in mice, which could be reversed by GYY4137 treatment. Altogether, our study revealed a novel signaling pathway that regulates oxygen-carrying capacity in erythrocytes and highlights a previously unrecognized role of H2S in erythrocyte 2,3-BPG production.

scholarly journals Reactive Sulfur Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopi K. Kolluru ◽  
Xinggui Shen ◽  
Christopher G. Kevil
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sulfur Species ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Transsulfuration Pathway ◽  
Reactive Sulfur Species

Hydrogen sulfide has emerged as an important gaseous signaling molecule and a regulator of critical biological processes. However, the physiological significance of hydrogen sulfide metabolites such as persulfides, polysulfides, and other reactive sulfur species (RSS) has only recently been appreciated. Emerging evidence suggests that these RSS molecules may have similar or divergent regulatory roles compared with hydrogen sulfide in various biological activities. However, the chemical nature of persulfides and polysulfides is complex and remains poorly understood within cardiovascular and other pathophysiological conditions. Recent reports suggest that RSS can be produced endogenously, with different forms having unique chemical properties and biological implications involving diverse cellular responses such as protein biosynthesis, cell-cell barrier functions, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Enzymes of the transsulfuration pathway, CBS (cystathionine beta-synthase) and CSE (cystathionine gamma-lyase), may also produce RSS metabolites besides hydrogen sulfide. Moreover, CARSs (cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase) are also able to generate protein persulfides via cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) incorporation into nascently formed polypeptides suggesting a new biologically relevant amino acid. This brief review discusses the biochemical nature and potential roles of RSS, associated oxidative stress redox signaling, and future research opportunities in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Transient Sulfenic Acids in the Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Products

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Barattucci ◽  
Maria Aversa ◽  
Aurora Mancuso ◽  
Tania Salerno ◽  
Paola Bonaccorsi
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Sulfenic Acids

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide as an Endogenous Modulator in Mitochondria and Mitochondria Dysfunction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jun-tao Kan ◽  
Ze-yu Cheng ◽  
Jie-fang Chen ◽  
Ya-qi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Endogenous Modulator ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Heart Injury ◽  
Messenger Molecule

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has historically been considered to be a toxic gas, an environmental and occupational hazard. However, with the discovery of its presence and enzymatic production through precursors of L-cysteine and homocysteine in mammalian tissues, H2S has recently received much interest as a physiological signaling molecule. H2S is a gaseous messenger molecule that has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in mammals, including vascular relaxation, angiogenesis, and the function of ion channels, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and heart injury. H2S is an endogenous neuromodulator and present studies show that physiological concentrations of H2S enhance NMDA receptor-mediated responses and aid in the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation. Moreover, in the field of neuronal protection, physiological concentrations of H2S in mitochondria have many favorable effects on cytoprotection.

Thiosulfate: a readily accessible source of hydrogen sulfide in oxygen sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (6) ◽  
pp. R592-R603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Olson ◽  
Eric R. DeLeon ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Kevin Hurley ◽  
Victor Sadauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Pulmonary Vasoconstriction ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Mammalian Tissues

H2S derived from organic thiol metabolism has been proposed serve as an oxygen sensor in a variety of systems because of its susceptibility to oxidation and its ability to mimic hypoxic responses in numerous oxygen-sensing tissues. Thiosulfate, an intermediate in oxidative H2S metabolism can alternatively be reduced and regenerate H2S. We propose that this contributes to the H2S-mediated oxygen-sensing mechanism. H2S formation from thiosulfate in buffers and in a variety of mammalian tissues and in lamprey dorsal aorta was examined in real time using a polarographic H2S sensor. Inferences of intracellular H2S production were made by examining hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in bovine pulmonary arteries under conditions in which increased H2S production would be expected and in mouse and rat aortas, where reducing conditions should mediate vasorelaxation. In Krebs-Henseleit (mammalian) and Cortland (lamprey) buffers, H2S was generated from thiosulfate in the presence of the exogenous reducing agent, DTT, or the endogenous reductant dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). Both the magnitude and rate of H2S production were greatly increased by these reductants in the presence of tissue, with the most notable effects occurring in the liver. H2S production was only observed when tissues were hypoxic; exposure to room air, or injecting oxygen inhibited H2S production and resulted in net H2S consumption. Both DTT and DHLA augmented HPV, and DHLA dose-dependently relaxed precontracted mouse and rat aortas. These results indicate that thiosulfate can contribute to H2S signaling under hypoxic conditions and that this is not only a ready source of H2S production but also serves as a means of recycling sulfur and thereby conserving biologically relevant thiols.

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